fix(deps): update module github.com/pion/interceptor to v0.1.25 (#534)

Generated by Renovate Bot

Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/workflows/ci.yaml

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        go: [ '1.15', '1.14' ]
+        go:
+          - '1.20'
+          - '1.21'
     name: Linux Go ${{ matrix.go }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
       - name: Install dependencies
@@ -32,24 +34,67 @@ jobs:
             libx264-dev
       - name: Run Test Suite
         run: make test
-      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1	
-        if: matrix.go == '1.15'
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3	
+        if: matrix.go == '1.21'
   build-darwin:
-    runs-on: macos-latest
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        go: [ '1.15', '1.14' ]
-    name: Darwin Go ${{ matrix.go }}
+        runs-on:
+          - macos-latest
+          - ['self-hosted', 'macOS', 'ARM64']
+        go:
+          - '1.20'
+          - '1.21'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runs-on }}
+    name: Darwin Go ${{ matrix.go }} ${{ join(matrix.runs-on, ' ') }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
           go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+
+      # Set up local brew only on self-hosted darwin
+      - name: Checkout Homebrew
+        if: matrix.runs-on != 'macos-latest'
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          repository: Homebrew/brew
+          path: homebrew
+      - name: Local brew cache key
+        if: matrix.runs-on != 'macos-latest'
+        id: brew-cache-key
+        run: echo "key=$(date +'%Y-%U')" | tee ${GITHUB_OUTPUT} # weekly update cache
+      - name: Cache local brew taps
+        if: matrix.runs-on != 'macos-latest'
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: homebrew/Library/Taps
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-brew-taps-${{ steps.brew-cache-key.outputs.key }}
+          restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-brew-taps-
+      - name: Set up brew to install deps under temporary dir
+        if: matrix.runs-on != 'macos-latest'
+        run: |
+          dir="${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}/homebrew"
+          cd "${dir}"
+
+          echo "Set up shellenv" >&2
+          env="$(./bin/brew shellenv)"
+          echo "${env}" | tee -a ${GITHUB_ENV}
+          eval "${env}"
+
+          echo "Set up paths" >&2
+          echo "${dir}/bin" | tee -a ${GITHUB_PATH}
+
+          echo "Brew update" >&2
+          brew update --force --quiet
+          chmod -R go-w "$(brew --prefix)/share/zsh"
+
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          which brew
           brew install \
             pkg-config \
             opus \
@@ -62,12 +107,12 @@ jobs:
     name: Check Licenses
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
-          go-version: '1.15'
+          go-version: '1.21'
       - name: Installing go-licenses
-        run: go get github.com/google/go-licenses
+        run: go install github.com/google/go-licenses@latest
       - name: Checking licenses
         run: go-licenses check ./...

.github/workflows/renovate-go-mod-fix.yaml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
       - name: fix

.gitignore

@@ -13,3 +13,5 @@
 
 scripts/cross
 coverage.txt
+
+.idea

Makefile

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ supported_platforms := \
   linux-arm64 \
   linux-x64 \
   windows-x64 \
-  darwin-x64
+  darwin-x64 \
+  darwin-arm64
 cmd_build := build
 cmd_test := test
 examples_dir := examples
@@ -24,7 +25,8 @@ codec_dir := pkg/codec
 codec_list := $(shell ls $(codec_dir)/*/Makefile)
 codec_list := $(codec_list:$(codec_dir)/%/Makefile=%)
 targets := $(foreach codec, $(codec_list), $(addprefix $(cmd_build)-$(codec)-, $(supported_platforms)))
-pkgs_without_mmal := $(shell go list ./... | grep -v mmal)
+pkgs_without_ext_device := $(shell go list ./... | grep -v mmal | grep -v vaapi)
+pkgs_without_cgo := $(shell go list ./... | grep -v pkg/codec | grep -v pkg/driver | grep -v pkg/avfoundation)
 
 define BUILD_TEMPLATE
 ifneq (,$$(findstring $(2)-$(3),$$(supported_platforms)))
@@ -71,11 +73,11 @@ $(foreach codec, $(codec_list), \
 # Description:
 # 	Run a series of tests
 $(cmd_test):
-	go vet $(pkgs_without_mmal)
-	go build $(pkgs_without_mmal)
+	go vet $(pkgs_without_ext_device)
+	go build $(pkgs_without_ext_device)
 	# go build without CGO
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 go build . pkg/...
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 go build $(pkgs_without_cgo)
 	# go build with CGO
-	CGO_ENABLED=1 go build $(pkgs_without_mmal)
+	CGO_ENABLED=1 go build $(pkgs_without_ext_device)
 	$(MAKE) --directory=$(examples_dir)
-	go test -v -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $(pkgs_without_mmal)
+	go test -v -race -coverprofile=coverage.txt -covermode=atomic $(pkgs_without_ext_device)

README.md

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 <h4 align="center">Go implementation of the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/MediaDevices">MediaDevices</a> API</h4>
 <p align="center">
   <a href="https://pion.ly/slack"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/join-us%20on%20slack-gray.svg?longCache=true&logo=slack&colorB=brightgreen" alt="Slack Widget"></a>
-  <a href="https://github.com/pion/mediadevices/actions"><img src="https://github.com/pion/mediadevices/workflows/CI/badge.svg?branch=master" alt="Build status"></a> 
-  <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices"><img src="https://godoc.org/github.com/pion/mediadevices?status.svg" alt="GoDoc"></a>
+  <img alt="GitHub Workflow Status" src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pion/mediadevices/test.yaml">
+  <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices"><img src="https://pkg.go.dev/badge/github.com/pion/mediadevices.svg" alt="Go Reference"></a>
   <a href="https://codecov.io/gh/pion/mediadevices"><img src="https://codecov.io/gh/pion/mediadevices/branch/master/graph/badge.svg" alt="Coverage Status"></a>
   <a href="LICENSE"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg" alt="License: MIT"></a>
 </p>
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
 
 `mediadevices` provides access to media input devices like cameras, microphones, and screen capture. It can also be used to encode your video/audio stream to various codec selections. `mediadevices` abstracts away the complexities of interacting with things like hardware and codecs allowing you to focus on building appilcations, interacting only with an amazingly simple, easy, and elegant API!
 
-## Install
+### Install
 
-`go get -u github.com/pion/mediadevices`
+```bash
+go get -u github.com/pion/mediadevices
+```
 
-## Usage
+### Usage
 
 The following snippet shows how to capture a camera stream and store a frame as a jpeg image:
 
@@ -67,27 +69,23 @@ func main() {
 	output, _ := os.Create("frame.jpg")
 	jpeg.Encode(output, frame, nil)
 }
-
-
 ```
 
-## More Examples
-
+### More Examples
 * [Webrtc](/examples/webrtc) - Use Webrtc to create a realtime peer-to-peer video call
 * [Face Detection](/examples/facedetection) - Use a machine learning algorithm to detect faces in a camera stream
 * [RTP Stream](examples/rtp) - Capture camera stream, encode it in H264/VP8/VP9, and send it to a RTP server
 * [HTTP Broadcast](/examples/http) - Broadcast camera stream through HTTP with MJPEG
 * [Archive](/examples/archive) - Archive H264 encoded video stream from a camera
 
-## Available Media Inputs
-
-| Input  | Linux | Mac | Windows |
+### Available Media Inputs
+| Input      | Linux | Mac | Windows |
 | :--------: | :---: | :-: | :-----: |
-|   Camera   |  ✔️   | ✔️  |   ✔️    |
-| Microphone |  ✔️   | ✔️  |   ✔️    |
-|   Screen   |  ✔️   | ✔️  |   ✔️    |
+| Camera     | ✔️     | ✔️   | ✔️       |
+| Microphone | ✔️     | ✔️   | ✔️       |
+| Screen     | ✔️     | ✔️   | ✔️       |
 
-By default, there's no media input registered. This decision was made to allow you to pay what you need. Therefore, you need to import the associated packages for the media inputs. For example, if you want to use a camera, you need to import the camera package as a side effect:
+By default, there's no media input registered. This decision was made to allow you to play only what you need. Therefore, you need to import the associated packages for the media inputs. For example, if you want to use a camera, you need to import the camera package as a side effect:
 
 ```go
 import (
@@ -96,8 +94,7 @@ import (
 )
 ```
 
-## Available Codecs
-
+### Available Codecs
 In order to encode your video/audio, `mediadevices` needs to know what codecs that you want to use and their parameters. To do this, you need to import the associated packages for the codecs, and add them to the codec selector that you'll pass to `GetUserMedia`:
 
 ```go
@@ -130,9 +127,9 @@ Since `mediadevices` doesn't implement the video/audio codecs, it needs to call
 
 Note: we do not provide recommendations on choosing one codec or another as it is very complex and can be subjective.
 
-### Video Codecs
+#### Video Codecs
 
-#### x264
+##### x264
 A free software library and application for encoding video streams into the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression format.
 
 * Package: [github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/x264](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/x264)
@@ -140,19 +137,19 @@ A free software library and application for encoding video streams into the H.26
   * Mac: `brew install x264`
   * Ubuntu: `apt install libx264-dev`
   
-#### mmal
+##### mmal
 A framework to enable H264 hardware encoding for Raspberry Pi or boards that use VideoCore GPUs.
 
 * Package: [github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/mmal](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/mmal)
 * Installation: no installation needed, mmal should come built in Raspberry Pi devices
 
-#### openh264
+##### openh264
 A codec library which supports H.264 encoding and decoding. It is suitable for use in real time applications.
 
 * Package: [github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/openh264](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/openh264)
 * Installation: no installation needed, included as a static binary
 
-#### vpx
+##### vpx
 A free software video codec library from Google and the Alliance for Open Media that implements VP8/VP9 video coding formats.
 
 * Package: [github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/vpx](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/vpx)
@@ -160,7 +157,7 @@ A free software video codec library from Google and the Alliance for Open Media
   * Mac: `brew install libvpx`
   * Ubuntu: `apt install libvpx-dev`
   
-#### vaapi
+##### vaapi
 An open source API that allows applications such as VLC media player or GStreamer to use hardware video acceleration capabilities (currently support VP8/VP9).
 
 * Package: [github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/vaapi](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/vaapi)
@@ -168,9 +165,9 @@ An open source API that allows applications such as VLC media player or GStreame
   * Ubuntu: `apt install libva-dev`
 
 
-### Audio Codecs
+#### Audio Codecs
 
-#### opus
+##### opus
 A totally open, royalty-free, highly versatile audio codec.
 
 * Package: [github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/opus](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/opus)
@@ -178,16 +175,14 @@ A totally open, royalty-free, highly versatile audio codec.
   * Mac: `brew install opus`
   * Ubuntu: `apt install libopus-dev`
 
-## Benchmark
-
+### Benchmark
 Result as of Nov 4, 2020 with Go 1.14 on a Raspberry pi 3, `mediadevices` can produce video, encode, send across network, and decode at **720p, 30 fps with < 500 ms latency**.  
 
 The test was taken by capturing a camera stream, decoding the raw frames, encoding the video stream with mmal, and sending the stream through Webrtc.
 
-## FAQ
-
-### Failed to find the best driver that fits the constraints
+### FAQ
 
+#### Failed to find the best driver that fits the constraints
 `mediadevices` provides an automated driver discovery through `GetUserMedia` and `GetDisplayMedia`. The driver discover algorithm works something like:
 
 1. Open all registered drivers
@@ -198,13 +193,14 @@ So, when `mediadevices` returns `failed to find the best driver that fits the co
 * Driver was not imported as a side effect in your program, e.g. `import _ github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/camera`
 * Your constraint is too strict that there's no driver can fullfil your requirements. In this case, you can try to turn up the debug level by specifying the following environment variable: `export PION_LOG_DEBUG=all` to see what was too strict and tune that.
 * Your driver is not supported/implemented. In this case, you can either let us know (file an issue) and wait for the maintainers to implement it. Or, you can implement it yourself and register it through `RegisterDriverAdapter`
+* If trying to use `import _ github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/screen` note that you will need to use `GetDisplayMedia` instead of `GetUserMedia` 
 
-### Failed to find vpx/x264/mmal/opus codecs
-
+#### Failed to find vpx/x264/mmal/opus codecs
 Since `mediadevices` uses cgo to access video/audio codecs, it needs to find these libraries from the system. To accomplish this, [pkg-config](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/) is used for library discovery.
 
 If you see the following error message at compile time:
-```
+
+```bash
 # pkg-config --cflags  -- vpx
 Package vpx was not found in the pkg-config search path.
 Perhaps you should add the directory containing `vpx.pc'
@@ -218,8 +214,10 @@ There are 2 common problems:
 * The required codec library is not installed (vpx in this example). In this case, please refer to the [available codecs](#available-codecs).
 * Pkg-config fails to find the `.pc` files for this codec ([reference](https://people.freedesktop.org/~dbn/pkg-config-guide.html#using)). In this case, you need to find where the codec library's `.pc` is stored, and let pkg-config knows with: `export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/path/to/directory`.
 
+### Roadmap
+The library can be used with our WebRTC implementation. Please refer to that [roadmap](https://github.com/pion/webrtc/issues/9) to track our major milestones.
 
-## Community
+### Community
 Pion has an active community on the [Slack](https://pion.ly/slack).
 
 Follow the [Pion Twitter](https://twitter.com/_pion) for project updates and important WebRTC news.
@@ -227,11 +225,8 @@ Follow the [Pion Twitter](https://twitter.com/_pion) for project updates and imp
 We are always looking to support **your projects**. Please reach out if you have something to build!
 If you need commercial support or don't want to use public methods you can contact us at [team@pion.ly](mailto:team@pion.ly)
 
-## Contributing
-Check out the **[contributing wiki](https://github.com/pion/webrtc/wiki/Contributing)** to join the group of amazing people making this project possible:
+### Contributing
+Check out the [contributing wiki](https://github.com/pion/webrtc/wiki/Contributing) to join the group of amazing people making this project possible: [AUTHORS.txt](./AUTHORS.txt)
 
-* [Lukas Herman](https://github.com/lherman-cs) - _Original Author_
-* [Atsushi Watanabe](https://github.com/at-wat) - _VP8, Screencast, etc._
-
-## License
+### License
 MIT License - see [LICENSE](LICENSE) for full text

dockerfiles/darwin-arm64.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+FROM dockercore/golang-cross as m1cross
+
+ARG DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
+RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -q --no-install-recommends \
+    cmake \
+    git \
+    libssl-dev \
+    libxml2-dev \
+    libz-dev \
+  && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+ENV SDK_VERSION=11.3 \
+    TARGET_DIR=/osxcross/target \
+    UNATTENDED=1
+
+WORKDIR /work
+RUN git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/tpoechtrager/osxcross.git /work \
+  && cd /work/tarballs \
+  && wget -q https://github.com/phracker/MacOSX-SDKs/releases/download/${SDK_VERSION}/MacOSX${SDK_VERSION}.sdk.tar.xz
+
+# Build cross compile toolchain for Apple silicon
+RUN ./build.sh
+
+
+FROM dockcross/base
+
+ENV OSX_CROSS_PATH=/osxcross
+
+COPY --from=m1cross "${OSX_CROSS_PATH}/." "${OSX_CROSS_PATH}/"
+ENV PATH=${OSX_CROSS_PATH}/target/bin:$PATH
+
+COPY init.sh /tmp/init.sh
+RUN bash /tmp/init.sh
+
+ENV CC=arm64-apple-darwin20.4-clang \
+    CXX=arm64-apple-darwin20.4-clang++ \
+    CPP=arm64-apple-darwin20.4-clang++ \
+    AR=arm64-apple-darwin20.4-ar \
+    AS=arm64-apple-darwin20.4-as \
+    LD=arm64-apple-darwin20.4-ld
+
+COPY darwin-arm64.cmake ${OSX_CROSS_PATH}/
+ENV CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE ${OSX_CROSS_PATH}/darwin-arm64.cmake
+
+ARG IMAGE=lherman/cross-darwin-arm64
+ARG VERSION=latest
+ENV DEFAULT_DOCKCROSS_IMAGE ${IMAGE}:${VERSION}

dockerfiles/darwin-arm64.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Darwin)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
+set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm64)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER $ENV{CC})
+set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER $ENV{CXX})
+set(CMAKE_AR $ENV{AR})
+set(CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER})

examples/.gitignore

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-go.sum

examples/Makefile

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ examples := $(filter-out internal,$(examples))
 all: $(examples)
 
 $(examples):
-	cd $@ && go build
+	cd $@ && go build -mod=mod

examples/facedetection/main.go

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import (
 
 	pigo "github.com/esimov/pigo/core"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices"
-	_ "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/camera" // This is required to register camera adapter
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	_ "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/camera" // This is required to register camera adapter
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
 )
 
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	mediaStream, err := mediadevices.GetUserMedia(mediadevices.MediaStreamConstraints{
 		Video: func(c *mediadevices.MediaTrackConstraints) {
-			c.FrameFormat = prop.FrameFormatExact(frame.FormatI420)
+			c.FrameFormat = prop.FrameFormatOneOf{frame.FormatI420, frame.FormatYUY2}
 			c.Width = prop.Int(640)
 			c.Height = prop.Int(480)
 		},
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func main() {
 		frame, release, err := videoReader.Read()
 		must(err)
 
-		// Since we asked the frame format to be exactly YUY2 in GetUserMedia, we can guarantee that it must be YCbCr
+		// Since we asked the frame format to be exactly I420/YUY2 in GetUserMedia, we can guarantee that it must be YCbCr
 		if detectFace(frame.(*image.YCbCr)) {
 			log.Println("Detect a face")
 		}

examples/go.mod

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ module github.com/pion/mediadevices/examples
 
 go 1.14
 
-// Please don't commit require entries of examples.
-// `git checkout master examples/go.mod` to revert this file.
-require github.com/pion/mediadevices v0.0.0
+require (
+	github.com/esimov/pigo v1.4.6
+	github.com/pion/mediadevices v0.0.0
+	github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.2.21
+)
 
 replace github.com/pion/mediadevices v0.0.0 => ../

examples/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+github.com/blackjack/webcam v0.0.0-20230509180125-87693b3f29dc h1:7cMZ/f4xwkD3FUOcThPAm0uecSP5kSTUU/3RWsrmcww=
+github.com/blackjack/webcam v0.0.0-20230509180125-87693b3f29dc/go.mod h1:G0X+rEqYPWSq0dG8OMf8M446MtKytzpPjgS3HbdOJZ4=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2/go.mod h1:44/5580QXChDfwIclfc/PCwrr44amcmDAg8hxG0Ewe4=
+github.com/esimov/pigo v1.4.6 h1:wpB9FstbqeGP/CZP+nTR52tUJe7XErq8buG+k4xCXlw=
+github.com/esimov/pigo v1.4.6/go.mod h1:uqj9Y3+3IRYhFK071rxz1QYq0ePhA6+R9jrUZavi46M=
+github.com/fogleman/gg v1.3.0/go.mod h1:R/bRT+9gY/C5z7JzPU0zXsXHKM4/ayA+zqcVNZzPa1k=
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.7/go.mod h1:jwhsz4b93w/PPRr/qN1Yymfu8t87LnFCMoQvtojpjFo=
+github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.4.9/go.mod h1:znqG4EE+3YCdAaPaxE2ZRY/06pZUdp0tY4IgpuI1SZQ=
+github.com/gen2brain/malgo v0.11.10 h1:u41QchDBS7Z2rwEVPu7uycK6HA8IyzKoUOhLU7IvYW4=
+github.com/gen2brain/malgo v0.11.10/go.mod h1:f9TtuN7DVrXMiV/yIceMeWpvanyVzJQMlBecJFVMxww=
+github.com/gen2brain/shm v0.0.0-20230802011745-f2460f5984f7/go.mod h1:uF6rMu/1nvu+5DpiRLwusA6xB8zlkNoGzKn8lmYONUo=
+github.com/go-task/slim-sprig v0.0.0-20210107165309-348f09dbbbc0/go.mod h1:fyg7847qk6SyHyPtNmDHnmrv/HOrqktSC+C9fM+CJOE=
+github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0/go.mod h1:E/TSTwGwJL78qG/PmXZO1EjYhfJinVAhrmmHX6Z8B9k=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.2.0/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.4.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:ceaxUfeHdC40wWswd/P6IGgMaK3YpKi5j83Wpe3EHw8=
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+golang.org/x/text v0.3.6/go.mod h1:5Zoc/QRtKVWzQhOtBMvqHzDpF6irO9z98xDceosuGiQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.7/go.mod h1:u+2+/6zg+i71rQMx5EYifcz6MCKuco9NR6JIITiCfzQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.4.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.7.0/go.mod h1:mrYo+phRRbMaCq/xk9113O4dZlRixOauAjOtrjsXDZ8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.9.0/go.mod h1:e1OnstbJyHTd6l/uOt8jFFHp6TRDWZR/bV3emEE/zU8=
+golang.org/x/text v0.10.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.11.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.12.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/text v0.13.0/go.mod h1:TvPlkZtksWOMsz7fbANvkp4WM8x/WCo/om8BMLbz+aE=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
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+golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
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+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
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+gopkg.in/fsnotify.v1 v1.4.7/go.mod h1:Tz8NjZHkW78fSQdbUxIjBTcgA1z1m8ZHf0WmKUhAMys=
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examples/vnc/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+vnc

examples/vnc/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+## Instructions
+
+### Install required codecs
+
+In this example, we'll be using x264 and opus as our video and audio codecs. Therefore, we need to make sure that these codecs are installed within our system. 
+
+Installation steps:
+
+* [x264](https://github.com/pion/mediadevices#x264)
+
+### Download vnc example
+
+```
+git clone https://github.com/pion/mediadevices.git
+```
+
+#### Compile vnc example
+
+```
+cd mediadevices/examples/vnc && go build
+```
+
+### Open example page
+
+[jsfiddle.net](https://jsfiddle.net/gh/get/library/pure/pion/mediadevices/tree/master/examples/internal/jsfiddle/audio-and-video) you should see two text-areas and a 'Start Session' button
+
+### Run the webrtc example with your browsers SessionDescription as stdin
+
+In the jsfiddle the top textarea is your browser, copy that, and store the session description in an environment variable, `export SDP=<put_the_sdp_here>`
+
+Run `echo $SDP | ./vnc`
+
+In Windows
+
+```powershell
+type sdp.txt| .\vnc.exe
+```
+### Input webrtc's SessionDescription into your browser
+
+Copy the text that `./webrtc` just emitted and copy into second text area
+
+### Hit 'Start Session' in jsfiddle, enjoy your video!
+
+A video should start playing in your browser above the input boxes, and will continue playing until you close the application.
+
+Congrats, you have used pion-MediaDevices! Now start building something cool

examples/vnc/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/vncdriver"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/examples/internal/signal"
+	"github.com/pion/webrtc/v3"
+
+	// If you don't like x264, you can also use vpx by importing as below
+	// "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/vpx" // This is required to use VP8/VP9 video encoder
+	// or you can also use openh264 for alternative h264 implementation
+	// "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/openh264"
+	// or if you use a raspberry pi like, you can use mmal for using its hardware encoder
+	// "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/mmal"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/x264" // This is required to use h264 video encoder
+
+	// Note: If you don't have a camera or microphone or your adapters are not supported,
+	//       you can always swap your adapters with our dummy adapters below.
+	// _ "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/videotest"
+	// _ "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/audiotest"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	config := webrtc.Configuration{
+		ICEServers: []webrtc.ICEServer{
+			{
+				URLs: []string{"stun:stun.l.google.com:19302"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	driver.GetManager().Register(
+		vncdriver.NewVnc("127.0.0.1:5900"),
+		driver.Info{Label: "VNC", DeviceType: driver.Camera, Priority: driver.PriorityLow},
+	)
+	// Wait for the offer to be pasted
+	offer := webrtc.SessionDescription{}
+	signal.Decode(signal.MustReadStdin(), &offer)
+
+	// Create a new RTCPeerConnection
+	x264Params, err := x264.NewParams()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	x264Params.BitRate = 500_000 // 500kbps
+
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	codecSelector := mediadevices.NewCodecSelector(
+		mediadevices.WithVideoEncoders(&x264Params),
+	)
+
+	mediaEngine := webrtc.MediaEngine{}
+	codecSelector.Populate(&mediaEngine)
+	api := webrtc.NewAPI(webrtc.WithMediaEngine(&mediaEngine))
+	peerConnection, err := api.NewPeerConnection(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Set the handler for ICE connection state
+	// This will notify you when the peer has connected/disconnected
+	peerConnection.OnICEConnectionStateChange(func(connectionState webrtc.ICEConnectionState) {
+		fmt.Printf("Connection State has changed %s \n", connectionState.String())
+	})
+
+	s, err := mediadevices.GetUserMedia(mediadevices.MediaStreamConstraints{
+		Video: func(c *mediadevices.MediaTrackConstraints) {
+
+		},
+		Codec: codecSelector,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	for _, track := range s.GetTracks() {
+		track.OnEnded(func(err error) {
+			fmt.Printf("Track (ID: %s) ended with error: %v\n",
+				track.ID(), err)
+		})
+
+		_, err = peerConnection.AddTransceiverFromTrack(track,
+			webrtc.RtpTransceiverInit{
+				Direction: webrtc.RTPTransceiverDirectionSendonly,
+			},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Set the remote SessionDescription
+	err = peerConnection.SetRemoteDescription(offer)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create an answer
+	answer, err := peerConnection.CreateAnswer(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create channel that is blocked until ICE Gathering is complete
+	gatherComplete := webrtc.GatheringCompletePromise(peerConnection)
+
+	// Sets the LocalDescription, and starts our UDP listeners
+	err = peerConnection.SetLocalDescription(answer)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Block until ICE Gathering is complete, disabling trickle ICE
+	// we do this because we only can exchange one signaling message
+	// in a production application you should exchange ICE Candidates via OnICECandidate
+	<-gatherComplete
+
+	// Output the answer in base64 so we can paste it in browser
+	fmt.Println(signal.Encode(*peerConnection.LocalDescription()))
+
+	// Block forever
+	select {}
+}

examples/webrtc/main.go

@@ -111,13 +111,23 @@ func main() {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
+	// Create channel that is blocked until ICE Gathering is complete
+	gatherComplete := webrtc.GatheringCompletePromise(peerConnection)
+
 	// Sets the LocalDescription, and starts our UDP listeners
 	err = peerConnection.SetLocalDescription(answer)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 
+	// Block until ICE Gathering is complete, disabling trickle ICE
+	// we do this because we only can exchange one signaling message
+	// in a production application you should exchange ICE Candidates via OnICECandidate
+	<-gatherComplete
+
 	// Output the answer in base64 so we can paste it in browser
-	fmt.Println(signal.Encode(answer))
+	fmt.Println(signal.Encode(*peerConnection.LocalDescription()))
+
+	// Block forever
 	select {}
 }

go.mod

@@ -1,20 +1,41 @@
 module github.com/pion/mediadevices
 
-go 1.13
+go 1.19
 
 require (
-	github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20201008132610-5f9e7b3c49cd // indirect
-	github.com/blackjack/webcam v0.0.0-20200313125108-10ed912a8539
-	github.com/gen2brain/malgo v0.10.29
-	github.com/gen2brain/shm v0.0.0-20200228170931-49f9650110c5 // indirect
-	github.com/google/uuid v1.1.4
-	github.com/kbinani/screenshot v0.0.0-20191211154542-3a185f1ce18f
-	github.com/lxn/win v0.0.0-20201111105847-2a20daff6a55 // indirect
+	github.com/blackjack/webcam v0.5.0
+	github.com/gen2brain/malgo v0.11.10
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0
+	github.com/kbinani/screenshot v0.0.0-20230812210009-b87d31814237
+	github.com/pion/interceptor v0.1.25
 	github.com/pion/logging v0.2.2
-	github.com/pion/rtp v1.6.2
-	github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.0.3
-	github.com/satori/go.uuid v1.2.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.0.0-20201208152932-35266b937fa6
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201029080932-201ba4db2418 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
+	github.com/pion/rtcp v1.2.10
+	github.com/pion/rtp v1.8.2
+	github.com/pion/webrtc/v3 v3.2.21
+	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4
+	golang.org/x/image v0.13.0
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gen2brain/shm v0.0.0-20230802011745-f2460f5984f7 // indirect
+	github.com/jezek/xgb v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lxn/win v0.0.0-20210218163916-a377121e959e // indirect
+	github.com/pion/datachannel v1.5.5 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/dtls/v2 v2.2.7 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/ice/v2 v2.3.11 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/mdns v0.0.8 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/randutil v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/sctp v1.8.8 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/sdp/v3 v3.0.6 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/srtp/v2 v2.0.17 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/stun v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/transport/v2 v2.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/pion/turn/v2 v2.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.12.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.14.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
-github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20201008132610-5f9e7b3c49cd h1:u7K2oMFMd8APDV3fM1j2rO3U/XJf1g1qC3DDTKou8iM=
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+golang.org/x/tools v0.6.0/go.mod h1:Xwgl3UAJ/d3gWutnCtw505GrjyAbvKui8lOU390QaIU=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20190717185122-a985d3407aa7/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
+golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191011141410-1b5146add898/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
-golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1 h1:go1bK/D/BFZV2I8cIQd1NKEZ+0owSTG1fDTci4IqFcE=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200109180630-ec00e32a8dfd/go.mod h1:DFci5gLYBciE7Vtevhsrf46CRTquxDuWsQurQQe4oz8=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200221191635-4d8936d0db64/go.mod h1:kwYJMbMJ01Woi6D6+Kah6886xMZcty6N08ah7+eCXa0=
@@ -137,6 +198,8 @@ google.golang.org/protobuf v0.0.0-20200228230310-ab0ca4ff8a60/go.mod h1:cfTl7dwQ
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.20.1-0.20200309200217-e05f789c0967/go.mod h1:A+miEFZTKqfCUM6K7xSMQL9OKL/b6hQv+e19PK+JZNE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.21.0/go.mod h1:47Nbq4nVaFHyn7ilMalzfO3qCViNmqZ2kzikPIcrTAo=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.23.0/go.mod h1:EGpADcykh3NcUnDUJcl1+ZksZNG86OlYog2l/sGQquU=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0-rc.1/go.mod h1:jlhhOSvTdKEhbULTjvd4ARK9grFBp09yW+WbY/TyQbw=
+google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0/go.mod h1:9q0QmTI4eRPtz6boOQmLYwt+qCgq0jsYwAQnmE0givc=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20201130134442-10cb98267c6c h1:Hei/4ADfdWqJk1ZMxUNpqntNwaWcugrBjAiHlqqRiVk=
@@ -146,5 +209,7 @@ gopkg.in/tomb.v1 v1.0.0-20141024135613-dd632973f1e7/go.mod h1:dt/ZhP58zS4L8KSrWD
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.4/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
-gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c h1:dUUwHk2QECo/6vqA44rthZ8ie2QXMNeKRTHCNY2nXvo=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
+gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=

ioreader.go

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package mediadevices
 
+import "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+
 type EncodedBuffer struct {
 	Data    []byte
 	Samples uint32
@@ -8,11 +10,13 @@ type EncodedBuffer struct {
 type EncodedReadCloser interface {
 	Read() (EncodedBuffer, func(), error)
 	Close() error
+	codec.Controllable
 }
 
 type encodedReadCloserImpl struct {
-	readFn  func() (EncodedBuffer, func(), error)
-	closeFn func() error
+	readFn       func() (EncodedBuffer, func(), error)
+	closeFn      func() error
+	controllerFn func() codec.EncoderController
 }
 
 func (r *encodedReadCloserImpl) Read() (EncodedBuffer, func(), error) {
@@ -23,9 +27,14 @@ func (r *encodedReadCloserImpl) Close() error {
 	return r.closeFn()
 }
 
+func (r *encodedReadCloserImpl) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return r.controllerFn()
+}
+
 type encodedIOReadCloserImpl struct {
-	readFn  func([]byte) (int, error)
-	closeFn func() error
+	readFn     func([]byte) (int, error)
+	closeFn    func() error
+	controller func() codec.EncoderController
 }
 
 func newEncodedIOReadCloserImpl(reader EncodedReadCloser) *encodedIOReadCloserImpl {
@@ -48,7 +57,8 @@ func newEncodedIOReadCloserImpl(reader EncodedReadCloser) *encodedIOReadCloserIm
 			encoded.Data = encoded.Data[n:]
 			return n, nil
 		},
-		closeFn: reader.Close,
+		closeFn:    reader.Close,
+		controller: reader.Controller,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -59,3 +69,7 @@ func (r *encodedIOReadCloserImpl) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 func (r *encodedIOReadCloserImpl) Close() error {
 	return r.closeFn()
 }
+
+func (r *encodedIOReadCloserImpl) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return r.controller()
+}

mediadevices_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver"
 	_ "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/audiotest"
 	_ "github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/videotest"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
 )
 
@@ -97,37 +98,145 @@ func TestSelectBestDriverConstraintsResultIsSetProperly(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("expect to get at least 1 property")
 	}
 	expectedProp := driver.Properties()[0]
-	// Since this is a continuous value, bestConstraints should be set with the value that user specified
-	expectedProp.FrameRate = 30.0
 
-	wantConstraints := MediaTrackConstraints{
-		MediaConstraints: prop.MediaConstraints{
-			VideoConstraints: prop.VideoConstraints{
-				// By reducing the width from the driver by a tiny amount, this property should be chosen.
-				// At the same time, we'll be able to find out if the return constraints will be properly set
-				// to the best constraints.
-				Width:       prop.Int(expectedProp.Width - 1),
-				Height:      prop.Int(expectedProp.Width),
-				FrameFormat: prop.FrameFormat(expectedProp.FrameFormat),
-				FrameRate:   prop.Float(30.0),
-			},
+	// By reducing the value from the driver by a tiny amount, this property should be chosen.
+	// At the same time, we'll be able to find out if the return constraints will be properly set
+	// to the best constraints.
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		width, height int
+		frameFormat   frame.Format
+		frameRate     float32
+	}{
+		"DifferentWidth": {
+			width:       expectedProp.Width - 1,
+			height:      expectedProp.Height,
+			frameFormat: expectedProp.FrameFormat,
+			frameRate:   expectedProp.FrameRate,
+		},
+		"DifferentHeight": {
+			width:       expectedProp.Width,
+			height:      expectedProp.Height - 1,
+			frameFormat: expectedProp.FrameFormat,
+			frameRate:   expectedProp.FrameRate,
+		},
+		"DifferentFrameFormat": {
+			width:       expectedProp.Width,
+			height:      expectedProp.Height,
+			frameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+			frameRate:   expectedProp.FrameRate,
 		},
 	}
 
-	bestDriver, bestConstraints, err := selectBestDriver(filterFn, wantConstraints)
+	for name, c := range cases {
+		c := c
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var vc prop.VideoConstraints
+
+			if c.frameRate >= 0 {
+				vc = prop.VideoConstraints{
+					Width:       prop.Int(c.width),
+					Height:      prop.Int(c.height),
+					FrameFormat: prop.FrameFormat(c.frameFormat),
+					FrameRate:   prop.Float(c.frameRate),
+				}
+			} else {
+				// do not specify the framerate
+				vc = prop.VideoConstraints{
+					Width:       prop.Int(c.width),
+					Height:      prop.Int(c.height),
+					FrameFormat: prop.FrameFormat(c.frameFormat),
+				}
+			}
+			wantConstraints := MediaTrackConstraints{
+				MediaConstraints: prop.MediaConstraints{
+					VideoConstraints: vc,
+				},
+			}
+
+			bestDriver, bestConstraints, err := selectBestDriver(filterFn, wantConstraints)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if driver != bestDriver {
+				t.Fatal("best driver is not expected")
+			}
+
+			s := bestConstraints.selectedMedia
+			if s.Width != expectedProp.Width ||
+				s.Height != expectedProp.Height ||
+				s.FrameFormat != expectedProp.FrameFormat ||
+				s.FrameRate != expectedProp.FrameRate {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to return best constraints\nexpected:\n%v\n\ngot:\n%v", expectedProp, bestConstraints.selectedMedia)
+			}
+
+		})
+	}
+
+}
+
+func TestSelectBestDriverConstraintsNoFit(t *testing.T) {
+	filterFn := driver.FilterVideoRecorder()
+	drivers := driver.GetManager().Query(filterFn)
+	if len(drivers) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expect to get at least 1 driver")
+	}
+
+	driver := drivers[0]
+	err := driver.Open()
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
+		t.Fatal("expect to open driver successfully")
+	}
+	defer driver.Close()
+
+	if len(driver.Properties()) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expect to get at least 1 property")
+	}
+	expectedProp := driver.Properties()[0]
+
+	cases := map[string]struct {
+		width, height int
+		frameFormat   frame.Format
+		frameRate     float32
+	}{
+		"DifferentWidth": {
+			width:       expectedProp.Width - 1,
+			height:      expectedProp.Height,
+			frameFormat: expectedProp.FrameFormat,
+			frameRate:   expectedProp.FrameRate,
+		},
+		"DifferentHeight": {
+			width:       expectedProp.Width,
+			height:      expectedProp.Height - 1,
+			frameFormat: expectedProp.FrameFormat,
+			frameRate:   expectedProp.FrameRate,
+		},
+		"DifferentFrameFormat": {
+			width:       expectedProp.Width,
+			height:      expectedProp.Height,
+			frameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+			frameRate:   expectedProp.FrameRate,
+		},
 	}
 
-	if driver != bestDriver {
-		t.Fatal("best driver is not expected")
-	}
+	for name, c := range cases {
+		c := c
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			wantConstraints := MediaTrackConstraints{
+				MediaConstraints: prop.MediaConstraints{
+					VideoConstraints: prop.VideoConstraints{
+						Width:       prop.IntExact(c.width),
+						Height:      prop.IntExact(c.height),
+						FrameFormat: prop.FrameFormatExact(c.frameFormat),
+						FrameRate:   prop.FloatExact(c.frameRate),
+					},
+				},
+			}
 
-	s := bestConstraints.selectedMedia
-	if s.Width != expectedProp.Width ||
-		s.Height != expectedProp.Height ||
-		s.FrameFormat != expectedProp.FrameFormat ||
-		s.FrameRate != expectedProp.FrameRate {
-		t.Fatalf("failed to return best constraints\nexpected:\n%v\n\ngot:\n%v", expectedProp, bestConstraints.selectedMedia)
+			_, _, err := selectBestDriver(filterFn, wantConstraints)
+			if err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("expect to not find a driver that fits the constraints")
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }

mediastream_test.go

@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@ func (track *mockMediaStreamTrack) StreamID() string {
 	return ""
 }
 
+func (track *mockMediaStreamTrack) RID() string {
+	return ""
+}
+
 func (track *mockMediaStreamTrack) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }

pkg/avfoundation/AVFoundationBind/AVFoundationBind.h

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #define MAX_DEVICES                      8
 #define MAX_PROPERTIES                   64
 #define MAX_DEVICE_UID_CHARS             64
+#define MAX_DEVICE_NAME_CHARS            64
 
 typedef const char* STATUS;
 static STATUS STATUS_OK                       = (STATUS) NULL;
@@ -45,7 +46,8 @@ typedef enum AVBindMediaType {
 typedef enum AVBindFrameFormat {
     AVBindFrameFormatI420,
     AVBindFrameFormatNV21,
-    AVBindFrameFormatYUY2,
+    AVBindFrameFormatNV12,
+    AVBindFrameFormatYUYV,
     AVBindFrameFormatUYVY,
 } AVBindFrameFormat;
 
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ typedef struct AVBindSession AVBindSession, *PAVBindSession;
 
 typedef struct {
     char uid[MAX_DEVICE_UID_CHARS + 1];
+    char name[MAX_DEVICE_NAME_CHARS + 1];
 } AVBindDevice, *PAVBindDevice;
 
 // AVBindDevices returns a list of AVBindDevices. The result array is pointing to a static

pkg/avfoundation/AVFoundationBind/AVFoundationBind.m

@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 // MIT License
-// 
+//
 // Copyright (c) 2019-2020 Pion
-// 
+//
 // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 // of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 // in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 // to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 // copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 // furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-// 
+//
 // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 // copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-// 
+//
 // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@
         } \
     } while(0)
 
+static NSString *const UnrecognizedMacOSVersionException = @"UnrecognizedMacOSVersionException";
+
 @interface VideoDataDelegate : NSObject<AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate>
 
 @property (readonly) AVBindDataCallback mCallback;
@@ -76,29 +78,23 @@ didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer
         !CMSampleBufferDataIsReady(sampleBuffer)) {
       return;
     }
-    
+
     CVImageBufferRef imageBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer);
     if (imageBuffer == NULL) {
       return;
     }
-    
+
     imageBuffer = CVBufferRetain(imageBuffer);
     CVReturn ret =
         CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, kCVPixelBufferLock_ReadOnly);
     if (ret != kCVReturnSuccess) {
       return;
     }
-    
-    size_t heightY = CVPixelBufferGetHeightOfPlane(imageBuffer, 0);
-    size_t bytesPerRowY = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRowOfPlane(imageBuffer, 0);
-    
-    size_t heightUV = CVPixelBufferGetHeightOfPlane(imageBuffer, 1);
-    size_t bytesPerRowUV = CVPixelBufferGetBytesPerRowOfPlane(imageBuffer, 1);
-    
-    int len = (int)((heightY * bytesPerRowY) + (2 * heightUV * bytesPerRowUV));
+
     void *buf = CVPixelBufferGetBaseAddressOfPlane(imageBuffer, 0);
-    _mCallback(_mPUserData, buf, len);
-    
+    size_t dataSize = CVPixelBufferGetDataSize(imageBuffer);
+    _mCallback(_mPUserData, buf, (int)dataSize);
+
     CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(imageBuffer, 0);
     CVBufferRelease(imageBuffer);
 }
@@ -133,13 +129,21 @@ didOutputSampleBuffer:(CMSampleBufferRef)sampleBuffer
 
 STATUS frameFormatToFourCC(AVBindFrameFormat format, FourCharCode *pFourCC) {
     STATUS retStatus = STATUS_OK;
+    // Useful mapping reference from ffmpeg:
+    // https://github.com/FFmpeg/FFmpeg/blob/c810a9502cebe32e1dd08ee3d0d17053dde44aa9/libavdevice/avfoundation.m#L53-L80
     switch (format) {
-        case AVBindFrameFormatNV21:
-            *pFourCC = kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarFullRange;
+        case AVBindFrameFormatI420:
+            *pFourCC = kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8Planar;
+            break;
+        case AVBindFrameFormatNV12:
+            *pFourCC = kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarVideoRange;
             break;
         case AVBindFrameFormatUYVY:
             *pFourCC = kCVPixelFormatType_422YpCbCr8;
             break;
+        case AVBindFrameFormatYUYV:
+            *pFourCC = kCVPixelFormatType_422YpCbCr8_yuvs;
+            break;
         // TODO: Add the rest of frame formats
         default:
             retStatus = STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_FRAME_FORMAT;
@@ -150,15 +154,22 @@ STATUS frameFormatToFourCC(AVBindFrameFormat format, FourCharCode *pFourCC) {
 STATUS frameFormatFromFourCC(FourCharCode fourCC, AVBindFrameFormat *pFormat) {
     STATUS retStatus = STATUS_OK;
     switch (fourCC) {
-         case kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarFullRange:
-             *pFormat = AVBindFrameFormatNV21;
-             break;
-         case kCVPixelFormatType_422YpCbCr8:
-             *pFormat = AVBindFrameFormatUYVY;
-             break;
+        case kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8Planar:
+            *pFormat = AVBindFrameFormatI420;
+            break;
+        case kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarFullRange:
+        case kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarVideoRange:
+            *pFormat = AVBindFrameFormatNV12;
+            break;
+        case kCVPixelFormatType_422YpCbCr8:
+            *pFormat = AVBindFrameFormatUYVY;
+            break;
+        case kCVPixelFormatType_422YpCbCr8_yuvs:
+            *pFormat = AVBindFrameFormatYUYV;
+            break;
          // TODO: Add the rest of frame formats
-         default:
-             retStatus = STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_FRAME_FORMAT;
+        default:
+            retStatus = STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_FRAME_FORMAT;
      }
     return retStatus;
 }
@@ -170,34 +181,53 @@ STATUS AVBindDevices(AVBindMediaType mediaType, PAVBindDevice *ppDevices, int *p
     NSAutoreleasePool *refPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
     CHK(mediaType == AVBindMediaTypeVideo || mediaType == AVBindMediaTypeAudio, STATUS_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE);
     CHK(ppDevices != NULL && pLen != NULL, STATUS_NULL_ARG);
-    
+
     PAVBindDevice pDevice;
     AVMediaType _mediaType = mediaType == AVBindMediaTypeVideo ? AVMediaTypeVideo : AVMediaTypeAudio;
-    NSArray *refAllTypes = @[
-        AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInWideAngleCamera,
-        AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInMicrophone,
-        AVCaptureDeviceTypeExternalUnknown
-    ];
+
+    NSArray *refAllTypes;
+    #if defined(MAC_OS_VERSION_14_0)
+        if (@available(macOS 14.0, *)) {
+            refAllTypes = @[
+                AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInWideAngleCamera,
+                AVCaptureDeviceTypeMicrophone,
+                AVCaptureDeviceTypeExternal,
+            ];
+        } else {
+            @throw [NSException exceptionWithName:UnrecognizedMacOSVersionException
+                                                   reason:@"Unrecognized or unsupported macOS version detected."
+                                                 userInfo:nil];
+        }
+    #else
+        refAllTypes = @[
+           AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInWideAngleCamera,
+           AVCaptureDeviceTypeBuiltInMicrophone,
+           AVCaptureDeviceTypeExternalUnknown,
+        ];
+    #endif
+
     AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession *refSession = [AVCaptureDeviceDiscoverySession
-        discoverySessionWithDeviceTypes: refAllTypes
-        mediaType: _mediaType
-        position: AVCaptureDevicePositionUnspecified];
-    
+                                                   discoverySessionWithDeviceTypes: refAllTypes
+                                                   mediaType: _mediaType
+                                                   position: AVCaptureDevicePositionUnspecified];
+
     int i = 0;
     for (AVCaptureDevice *refDevice in refSession.devices) {
         if (i >= MAX_DEVICES) {
             break;
         }
-        
+
         pDevice = devices + i;
         strncpy(pDevice->uid, refDevice.uniqueID.UTF8String, MAX_DEVICE_UID_CHARS);
         pDevice->uid[MAX_DEVICE_UID_CHARS] = '\0';
+        strncpy(pDevice->name, refDevice.localizedName.UTF8String, MAX_DEVICE_NAME_CHARS);
+        pDevice->name[MAX_DEVICE_NAME_CHARS] = '\0';
         i++;
     }
-    
+
     *ppDevices = devices;
     *pLen = i;
-    
+
 cleanup:
     [refPool drain];
     return retStatus;
@@ -217,7 +247,7 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionInit(AVBindDevice device, PAVBindSession *ppSessionResult) {
     pSession->device = device;
     pSession->refCaptureSession = NULL;
     *ppSessionResult = pSession;
-    
+
 cleanup:
     return retStatus;
 }
@@ -244,15 +274,15 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionOpen(PAVBindSession pSession,
     STATUS retStatus = STATUS_OK;
     NSAutoreleasePool *refPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
     CHK(pSession != NULL && dataCallback != NULL, STATUS_NULL_ARG);
-    
+
     AVCaptureDeviceInput *refInput;
     NSError *refErr = NULL;
     NSString *refUID = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: pSession->device.uid];
     AVCaptureDevice *refDevice = [AVCaptureDevice deviceWithUniqueID: refUID];
-    
+
     refInput = [[AVCaptureDeviceInput alloc] initWithDevice: refDevice error: &refErr];
     CHK(refErr == NULL, STATUS_DEVICE_INIT_FAILED);
-    
+
     AVCaptureSession *refCaptureSession = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init];
     refCaptureSession.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPresetMedium;
     [refCaptureSession addInput: refInput];
@@ -261,7 +291,7 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionOpen(PAVBindSession pSession,
         VideoDataDelegate *pDelegate = [[VideoDataDelegate alloc]
                                         init: dataCallback
                                         withUserData: pUserData];
-        
+
         AVCaptureVideoDataOutput *pOutput = [[AVCaptureVideoDataOutput alloc] init];
         FourCharCode fourCC;
         CHK_STATUS(frameFormatToFourCC(property.frameFormat, &fourCC));
@@ -279,10 +309,10 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionOpen(PAVBindSession pSession,
     } else {
         // TODO: implement audio pipeline
     }
-    
+
     pSession->refCaptureSession = [refCaptureSession retain];
     [refCaptureSession startRunning];
-    
+
 cleanup:
     [refPool drain];
     return retStatus;
@@ -293,20 +323,30 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionClose(PAVBindSession pSession) {
     STATUS retStatus = STATUS_OK;
     CHK(pSession != NULL, STATUS_NULL_ARG);
     CHK(pSession->refCaptureSession != NULL, STATUS_OK);
-    
+
     [pSession->refCaptureSession stopRunning];
     [pSession->refCaptureSession release];
     pSession->refCaptureSession = NULL;
-        
+
 cleanup:
     return retStatus;
 }
 
+static NSString* FourCCString(FourCharCode code) {
+    NSString *result = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c%c%c%c",
+                        (code >> 24) & 0xff,
+                        (code >> 16) & 0xff,
+                        (code >> 8) & 0xff,
+                        code & 0xff];
+    NSCharacterSet *characterSet = [NSCharacterSet whitespaceCharacterSet];
+    return [result stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:characterSet];
+}
+
 STATUS AVBindSessionProperties(PAVBindSession pSession, PAVBindMediaProperty *ppProperties, int *pLen) {
     STATUS retStatus = STATUS_OK;
     NSAutoreleasePool *refPool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
     CHK(pSession != NULL && ppProperties != NULL && pLen != NULL, STATUS_NULL_ARG);
-    
+
     NSString *refDeviceUID = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: pSession->device.uid];
     AVCaptureDevice *refDevice = [AVCaptureDevice deviceWithUniqueID: refDeviceUID];
     FourCharCode fourCC;
@@ -319,15 +359,17 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionProperties(PAVBindSession pSession, PAVBindMediaProperty *pp
     for (AVCaptureDeviceFormat *refFormat in refDevice.formats) {
         // TODO: Probably gives a warn to the user
         if (len >= MAX_PROPERTIES) {
+            NSLog(@"[WARNING] skipping the rest of properties due to MAX_PROPERTIES");
             break;
         }
-        
+
         if ([refFormat.mediaType isEqual:AVMediaTypeVideo]) {
             fourCC = CMFormatDescriptionGetMediaSubType(refFormat.formatDescription);
             if (frameFormatFromFourCC(fourCC, &pProperty->frameFormat) != STATUS_OK) {
+                NSLog(@"[WARNING] skipping %@ %dx%d since it's not supported", FourCCString(fourCC), videoDimensions.width, videoDimensions.height);
                 continue;
             }
-            
+
             videoFormat = (CMVideoFormatDescriptionRef) refFormat.formatDescription;
             videoDimensions = CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetDimensions(videoFormat);
             pProperty->height = videoDimensions.height;
@@ -335,16 +377,16 @@ STATUS AVBindSessionProperties(PAVBindSession pSession, PAVBindMediaProperty *pp
         } else {
             // TODO: Get audio properties
         }
-        
+
         pProperty++;
         len++;
     }
-    
+
     *ppProperties = pSession->properties;
     *pLen = len;
-    
+
 cleanup:
-    
+
     [refPool drain];
     return retStatus;
 }

pkg/avfoundation/avfoundation_callback_darwin.go

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package avfoundation
 
-// extern void onData(void*, void*, int);
 import "C"
 import (
 	"sync"
@@ -18,11 +17,10 @@ type handleID int
 
 //export onData
 func onData(userData unsafe.Pointer, buf unsafe.Pointer, length C.int) {
-	data := C.GoBytes(buf, length)
-
 	handleNum := (*C.int)(userData)
 	cb, ok := lookup(handleID(*handleNum))
 	if ok {
+		data := C.GoBytes(buf, length)
 		cb(data)
 	}
 }

pkg/avfoundation/avfoundation_darwin.go

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ package avfoundation
 // }
 import "C"
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"sync"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@ type Device struct {
 	// UID is a unique identifier for a device
 	UID     string
 	cDevice C.AVBindDevice
+	Name    string
 }
 
 func frameFormatToAVBind(f frame.Format) (C.AVBindFrameFormat, bool) {
@@ -40,8 +43,10 @@ func frameFormatToAVBind(f frame.Format) (C.AVBindFrameFormat, bool) {
 		return C.AVBindFrameFormatI420, true
 	case frame.FormatNV21:
 		return C.AVBindFrameFormatNV21, true
-	case frame.FormatYUY2:
-		return C.AVBindFrameFormatYUY2, true
+	case frame.FormatNV12:
+		return C.AVBindFrameFormatNV12, true
+	case frame.FormatYUYV:
+		return C.AVBindFrameFormatYUYV, true
 	case frame.FormatUYVY:
 		return C.AVBindFrameFormatUYVY, true
 	default:
@@ -55,8 +60,10 @@ func frameFormatFromAVBind(f C.AVBindFrameFormat) (frame.Format, bool) {
 		return frame.FormatI420, true
 	case C.AVBindFrameFormatNV21:
 		return frame.FormatNV21, true
-	case C.AVBindFrameFormatYUY2:
-		return frame.FormatYUY2, true
+	case C.AVBindFrameFormatNV12:
+		return frame.FormatNV12, true
+	case C.AVBindFrameFormatYUYV:
+		return frame.FormatYUYV, true
 	case C.AVBindFrameFormatUYVY:
 		return frame.FormatUYVY, true
 	default:
@@ -81,6 +88,7 @@ func Devices(mediaType MediaType) ([]Device, error) {
 	for i := range devices {
 		devices[i].UID = C.GoString(&cDevices[i].uid[0])
 		devices[i].cDevice = cDevices[i]
+		devices[i].Name = C.GoString(&cDevices[i].name[0])
 	}
 
 	return devices, nil
@@ -89,9 +97,13 @@ func Devices(mediaType MediaType) ([]Device, error) {
 // ReadCloser is a wrapper around the data callback from AVFoundation. The data received from the
 // the underlying callback can be retrieved by calling Read.
 type ReadCloser struct {
-	dataChan chan []byte
-	id       handleID
-	onClose  func()
+	dataChan   chan []byte
+	id         handleID
+	onClose    func()
+	cancelCtx  context.Context
+	cancelFunc func()
+	closeWG    sync.WaitGroup
+	lock       sync.Mutex
 }
 
 func newReadCloser(onClose func()) *ReadCloser {
@@ -99,12 +111,25 @@ func newReadCloser(onClose func()) *ReadCloser {
 	rc.dataChan = make(chan []byte, 1)
 	rc.onClose = onClose
 	rc.id = register(rc.dataCb)
+	cancelCtx, cancelFunc := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	rc.cancelCtx = cancelCtx
+	rc.cancelFunc = cancelFunc
 	return &rc
 }
 
 func (rc *ReadCloser) dataCb(data []byte) {
+	rc.closeWG.Add(1)
+	defer rc.closeWG.Done()
+
 	// TODO: add a policy for slow reader
-	rc.dataChan <- data
+	if rc.cancelCtx.Err() != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	select {
+	// Use the Done channel to avoid waiting for new data from closed camera
+	case <-rc.cancelCtx.Done():
+	case rc.dataChan <- data:
+	}
 }
 
 // Read reads raw data, the format is determined by the media type and property:
@@ -120,17 +145,28 @@ func (rc *ReadCloser) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 
 // Close closes the capturing session, and no data will flow anymore
 func (rc *ReadCloser) Close() {
+	rc.lock.Lock()
+	defer rc.lock.Unlock()
+
+	if rc.cancelCtx.Err() != nil {
+		return // already closed
+	}
+
 	if rc.onClose != nil {
 		rc.onClose()
 	}
-	close(rc.dataChan)
+	rc.cancelFunc()
 	unregister(rc.id)
+	rc.closeWG.Wait()
+	close(rc.dataChan)
 }
 
 // Session represents a capturing session.
 type Session struct {
 	device   Device
 	cSession C.PAVBindSession
+	lock     sync.Mutex
+	closed   bool
 }
 
 // NewSession creates a new capturing session
@@ -148,6 +184,13 @@ func NewSession(device Device) (*Session, error) {
 
 // Close stops capturing session and frees up resources
 func (session *Session) Close() error {
+	session.lock.Lock()
+	defer session.lock.Unlock()
+	if session.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	session.closed = true
+
 	if session.cSession == nil {
 		return nil
 	}

pkg/codec/codec.go

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package codec
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
@@ -13,6 +15,9 @@ import (
 type RTPCodec struct {
 	webrtc.RTPCodecParameters
 	rtp.Payloader
+
+	// Latency of static frame size codec.
+	Latency time.Duration
 }
 
 // NewRTPH264Codec is a helper to create an H264 codec
@@ -107,15 +112,37 @@ type VideoEncoderBuilder interface {
 	BuildVideoEncoder(r video.Reader, p prop.Media) (ReadCloser, error)
 }
 
-// ReadCloser is an io.ReadCloser with methods for rate limiting: SetBitRate and ForceKeyFrame
+// ReadCloser is an io.ReadCloser with a controller
 type ReadCloser interface {
 	Read() (b []byte, release func(), err error)
 	Close() error
+	Controllable
+}
+
+// EncoderController is the interface allowing to control the encoder behaviour after it's initialisation.
+// It will possibly have common control method in the future.
+// A controller can have optional methods represented by *Controller interfaces
+type EncoderController interface{}
+
+// Controllable is a interface representing a encoder which can be controlled
+// after it's initialisation with an EncoderController
+type Controllable interface {
+	Controller() EncoderController
+}
+
+// KeyFrameController is a interface representing an encoder that can be forced to produce key frame on demand
+type KeyFrameController interface {
+	EncoderController
+	// ForceKeyFrame forces the next frame to be a keyframe, aka intra-frame.
+	ForceKeyFrame() error
+}
+
+// BitRateController is a interface representing an encoder which can have a variable bit rate
+type BitRateController interface {
+	EncoderController
 	// SetBitRate sets current target bitrate, lower bitrate means smaller data will be transmitted
 	// but this also means that the quality will also be lower.
 	SetBitRate(int) error
-	// ForceKeyFrame forces the next frame to be a keyframe, aka intra-frame.
-	ForceKeyFrame() error
 }
 
 // BaseParams represents an codec's encoding properties

pkg/codec/internal/codectest/codectest.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Package codectest provides shared test for codec implementations.
+package codectest
+
+import (
+	"image"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/wave"
+)
+
+func assertNoPanic(t *testing.T, fn func() error, msg string) error {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			t.Errorf("panic: %v: %s", r, msg)
+		}
+	}()
+	return fn()
+}
+
+func AudioEncoderSimpleReadTest(t *testing.T, c codec.AudioEncoderBuilder, p prop.Media, w wave.Audio) {
+	var eof bool
+	enc, err := c.BuildAudioEncoder(audio.ReaderFunc(func() (wave.Audio, func(), error) {
+		if eof {
+			return nil, nil, io.EOF
+		}
+		return w, nil, nil
+	}), p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		b, release, err := enc.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if len(b) == 0 {
+			t.Fatal("Encoded frame is empty")
+		}
+		release()
+	}
+
+	eof = true
+	if _, _, err := enc.Read(); err != io.EOF {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected EOF, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := enc.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func VideoEncoderSimpleReadTest(t *testing.T, c codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, p prop.Media, img image.Image) {
+	var eof bool
+	enc, err := c.BuildVideoEncoder(video.ReaderFunc(func() (image.Image, func(), error) {
+		if eof {
+			return nil, nil, io.EOF
+		}
+		return img, nil, nil
+	}), p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		b, release, err := enc.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if len(b) == 0 {
+			t.Errorf("Encoded frame is empty (%d)", i)
+		}
+		release()
+	}
+
+	eof = true
+	if _, _, err := enc.Read(); err != io.EOF {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected EOF, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := enc.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func AudioEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t *testing.T, c codec.AudioEncoderBuilder, p prop.Media) {
+	enc, err := c.BuildAudioEncoder(audio.ReaderFunc(func() (wave.Audio, func(), error) {
+		return nil, nil, io.EOF
+	}), p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, enc.Close, "on first Close()"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, enc.Close, "on second Close()"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func VideoEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t *testing.T, c codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, p prop.Media) {
+	enc, err := c.BuildVideoEncoder(video.ReaderFunc(func() (image.Image, func(), error) {
+		return nil, nil, io.EOF
+	}), p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, enc.Close, "on first Close()"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, enc.Close, "on second Close()"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+func AudioEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t *testing.T, c codec.AudioEncoderBuilder, p prop.Media, w wave.Audio) {
+	enc, err := c.BuildAudioEncoder(audio.ReaderFunc(func() (wave.Audio, func(), error) {
+		return w, nil, nil
+	}), p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, enc.Close, "on Close()"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, func() error {
+		_, _, err := enc.Read()
+		return err
+	}, "on Read()"); err != io.EOF {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected: %v, got: %v", io.EOF, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func VideoEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t *testing.T, c codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, p prop.Media, img image.Image) {
+	enc, err := c.BuildVideoEncoder(video.ReaderFunc(func() (image.Image, func(), error) {
+		return img, nil, nil
+	}), p)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, enc.Close, "on Close()"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := assertNoPanic(t, func() error {
+		_, _, err := enc.Read()
+		return err
+	}, "on Read()"); err != io.EOF {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected: %v, got: %v", io.EOF, err)
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/mmal/mmal.go

@@ -64,10 +64,11 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := e.r.Read()
+	img, release, err := e.r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
+	defer release()
 	imgReal := img.(*image.YCbCr)
 	var y, cb, cr C.Slice
 	y.data = (*C.uchar)(&imgReal.Y[0])
@@ -91,12 +92,8 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 	return encoded, func() {}, err
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) SetBitRate(b int) error {
-	panic("SetBitRate is not implemented")
-}
-
-func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+func (e *encoder) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
 func (e *encoder) Close() error {

pkg/codec/mmal/mmal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package mmal
+
+import (
+	"image"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/internal/codectest"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+)
+
+func TestEncoder(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("SimpleRead", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.VideoEncoderSimpleReadTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       256,
+					Height:      144,
+					FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+				},
+			},
+			image.NewYCbCr(
+				image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+				image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+			),
+		)
+	})
+	t.Run("CloseTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.VideoEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t, &p, prop.Media{
+			Video: prop.Video{
+				Width:       640,
+				Height:      480,
+				FrameRate:   30,
+				FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	t.Run("ReadAfterClose", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.VideoEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       256,
+					Height:      144,
+					FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+				},
+			},
+			image.NewYCbCr(
+				image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+				image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+			),
+		)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement bit rate control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement key frame control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/openh264/bridge.cpp

@@ -21,29 +21,26 @@ Encoder *enc_new(const EncoderOptions opts, int *eresult) {
     return NULL;
   }
 
-  // TODO: Remove hardcoded values
-  params.iUsageType = CAMERA_VIDEO_REAL_TIME;
+  params.iUsageType = opts.usage_type;
   params.iPicWidth = opts.width;
   params.iPicHeight = opts.height;
   params.iTargetBitrate = opts.target_bitrate;
   params.iMaxBitrate = opts.target_bitrate;
-  params.iRCMode = RC_BITRATE_MODE;
+  params.iRCMode = opts.rc_mode;
   params.fMaxFrameRate = opts.max_fps;
-  params.bEnableFrameSkip = true;
-  params.uiMaxNalSize = 0;
-  params.uiIntraPeriod = 30;
-  // set to 0, so that it'll automatically use multi threads when needed
-  params.iMultipleThreadIdc = 0;
+  params.bEnableFrameSkip = opts.enable_frame_skip;
+  params.uiMaxNalSize = opts.max_nal_size;
+  params.uiIntraPeriod = opts.intra_period;
+  params.iMultipleThreadIdc = opts.multiple_thread_idc;
   // The base spatial layer 0 is the only one we use.
   params.sSpatialLayers[0].iVideoWidth = params.iPicWidth;
   params.sSpatialLayers[0].iVideoHeight = params.iPicHeight;
   params.sSpatialLayers[0].fFrameRate = params.fMaxFrameRate;
   params.sSpatialLayers[0].iSpatialBitrate = params.iTargetBitrate;
   params.sSpatialLayers[0].iMaxSpatialBitrate = params.iTargetBitrate;
-  // Single NAL unit mode
-  params.sSpatialLayers[0].sSliceArgument.uiSliceNum = 1;
-  params.sSpatialLayers[0].sSliceArgument.uiSliceMode = SM_SIZELIMITED_SLICE;
-  params.sSpatialLayers[0].sSliceArgument.uiSliceSizeConstraint = 12800;
+  params.sSpatialLayers[0].sSliceArgument.uiSliceNum = opts.slice_num;
+  params.sSpatialLayers[0].sSliceArgument.uiSliceMode = opts.slice_mode;
+  params.sSpatialLayers[0].sSliceArgument.uiSliceSizeConstraint = opts.slice_size_constraint;
 
   rv = engine->InitializeExt(&params);
   if (rv != 0) {
@@ -80,12 +77,16 @@ Slice enc_encode(Encoder *e, Frame f, int *eresult) {
   SFrameBSInfo info = {0};
   Slice payload = {0};
 
+  if(e->force_key_frame == 1) {
+    e->engine->ForceIntraFrame(true);
+    e->force_key_frame = 0;
+  }
+
   pic.iPicWidth = f.width;
   pic.iPicHeight = f.height;
   pic.iColorFormat = videoFormatI420;
-  // We always received I420 format
-  pic.iStride[0] = pic.iPicWidth;
-  pic.iStride[1] = pic.iStride[2] = pic.iPicWidth / 2;
+  pic.iStride[0] = f.ystride;
+  pic.iStride[1] = pic.iStride[2] = f.cstride;
   pic.pData[0] = (unsigned char *)f.y;
   pic.pData[1] = (unsigned char *)f.u;
   pic.pData[2] = (unsigned char *)f.v;

pkg/codec/openh264/bridge.hpp

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ typedef struct Slice {
 
 typedef struct Frame {
   void *y, *u, *v;
+  int ystride;
+  int cstride;
   int height;
   int width;
 } Frame;
@@ -20,6 +22,15 @@ typedef struct EncoderOptions {
   int width, height;
   int target_bitrate;
   float max_fps;
+  EUsageType usage_type;
+  RC_MODES rc_mode;
+  bool enable_frame_skip;
+  unsigned int max_nal_size;
+  unsigned int intra_period;
+  int multiple_thread_idc;
+  unsigned int slice_num;
+  SliceModeEnum slice_mode;
+  unsigned int slice_size_constraint;
 } EncoderOptions;
 
 typedef struct Encoder {
@@ -27,6 +38,7 @@ typedef struct Encoder {
   ISVCEncoder *engine;
   unsigned char *buff;
   int buff_size;
+  int force_key_frame;
 } Encoder;
 
 Encoder *enc_new(const EncoderOptions params, int *eresult);

pkg/codec/openh264/openh264.go

@@ -33,10 +33,19 @@ func newEncoder(r video.Reader, p prop.Media, params Params) (codec.ReadCloser,
 
 	var rv C.int
 	cEncoder := C.enc_new(C.EncoderOptions{
-		width:          C.int(p.Width),
-		height:         C.int(p.Height),
-		target_bitrate: C.int(params.BitRate),
-		max_fps:        C.float(p.FrameRate),
+		width:                 C.int(p.Width),
+		height:                C.int(p.Height),
+		target_bitrate:        C.int(params.BitRate),
+		max_fps:               C.float(p.FrameRate),
+		usage_type:            C.EUsageType(params.UsageType),
+		rc_mode:               C.RC_MODES(params.RCMode),
+		enable_frame_skip:     C.bool(params.EnableFrameSkip),
+		max_nal_size:          C.uint(params.MaxNalSize),
+		intra_period:          C.uint(params.IntraPeriod),
+		multiple_thread_idc:   C.int(params.MultipleThreadIdc),
+		slice_num:             C.uint(params.SliceNum),
+		slice_mode:            C.SliceModeEnum(params.SliceMode),
+		slice_size_constraint: C.uint(params.SliceSizeConstraint),
 	}, &rv)
 	if err := errResult(rv); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed in creating encoder: %v", err)
@@ -56,20 +65,23 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := e.r.Read()
+	img, release, err := e.r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
+	defer release()
 
 	yuvImg := img.(*image.YCbCr)
 	bounds := yuvImg.Bounds()
 	var rv C.int
 	s := C.enc_encode(e.engine, C.Frame{
-		y:      unsafe.Pointer(&yuvImg.Y[0]),
-		u:      unsafe.Pointer(&yuvImg.Cb[0]),
-		v:      unsafe.Pointer(&yuvImg.Cr[0]),
-		height: C.int(bounds.Max.Y - bounds.Min.Y),
-		width:  C.int(bounds.Max.X - bounds.Min.X),
+		y:       unsafe.Pointer(&yuvImg.Y[0]),
+		u:       unsafe.Pointer(&yuvImg.Cb[0]),
+		v:       unsafe.Pointer(&yuvImg.Cr[0]),
+		ystride: C.int(yuvImg.YStride),
+		cstride: C.int(yuvImg.CStride),
+		height:  C.int(bounds.Max.Y - bounds.Min.Y),
+		width:   C.int(bounds.Max.X - bounds.Min.X),
 	}, &rv)
 	if err := errResult(rv); err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("failed in encoding: %v", err)
@@ -79,18 +91,23 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 	return encoded, func() {}, nil
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) SetBitRate(b int) error {
-	panic("SetBitRate is not implemented")
+func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
+	e.engine.force_key_frame = C.int(1)
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+func (e *encoder) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
 func (e *encoder) Close() error {
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	defer e.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if e.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	e.closed = true
 
 	var rv C.int

pkg/codec/openh264/openh264_static.go

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ package openh264
 //#cgo linux,arm64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopenh264-linux-arm64.a
 //#cgo linux,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopenh264-linux-x64.a
 //#cgo darwin,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopenh264-darwin-x64.a
+//#cgo darwin,arm64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopenh264-darwin-arm64.a
 //#cgo windows,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopenh264-windows-x64.a -lssp
 import "C"

pkg/codec/openh264/openh264_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+package openh264
+
+import (
+	"image"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/internal/codectest"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+)
+
+func TestShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement bit rate control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncoder(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("SimpleRead", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.VideoEncoderSimpleReadTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       256,
+					Height:      144,
+					FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+				},
+			},
+			image.NewYCbCr(
+				image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+				image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+			),
+		)
+	})
+	t.Run("CloseTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.VideoEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t, &p, prop.Media{
+			Video: prop.Video{
+				Width:       640,
+				Height:      480,
+				FrameRate:   30,
+				FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	t.Run("ReadAfterClose", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.VideoEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       256,
+					Height:      144,
+					FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+				},
+			},
+			image.NewYCbCr(
+				image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+				image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+			),
+		)
+	})
+}

pkg/codec/openh264/params.go

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 package openh264
 
+// #include <openh264/codec_api.h>
+import "C"
+
 import (
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
@@ -9,14 +12,62 @@ import (
 // Params stores libopenh264 specific encoding parameters.
 type Params struct {
 	codec.BaseParams
+	UsageType           UsageTypeEnum
+	RCMode              RCModeEnum
+	EnableFrameSkip     bool
+	MaxNalSize          uint
+	IntraPeriod         uint
+	MultipleThreadIdc   int
+	SliceNum            uint
+	SliceMode           SliceModeEnum
+	SliceSizeConstraint uint
 }
 
+type UsageTypeEnum int
+
+const (
+	CameraVideoRealTime      UsageTypeEnum = C.CAMERA_VIDEO_REAL_TIME   ///< camera video for real-time communication
+	ScreenContentRealTime    UsageTypeEnum = C.SCREEN_CONTENT_REAL_TIME ///< screen content signal
+	CameraVideoNonRealTime   UsageTypeEnum = C.CAMERA_VIDEO_NON_REAL_TIME
+	ScreenContentNonRealTime UsageTypeEnum = C.SCREEN_CONTENT_NON_REAL_TIME
+	InputContentTypeAll      UsageTypeEnum = C.INPUT_CONTENT_TYPE_ALL
+)
+
+type RCModeEnum int
+
+const (
+	RCQualityMode         RCModeEnum = C.RC_QUALITY_MODE           ///< quality mode
+	RCBitrateMode         RCModeEnum = C.RC_BITRATE_MODE           ///< bitrate mode
+	RCBufferbaseedMode    RCModeEnum = C.RC_BUFFERBASED_MODE       ///< no bitrate control,only using buffer status,adjust the video quality
+	RCTimestampMode       RCModeEnum = C.RC_TIMESTAMP_MODE         //rate control based timestamp
+	RCBitrateModePostSkip RCModeEnum = C.RC_BITRATE_MODE_POST_SKIP ///< this is in-building RC MODE, WILL BE DELETED after algorithm tuning!
+	RCOffMode             RCModeEnum = C.RC_OFF_MODE               ///< rate control off mode
+)
+
+type SliceModeEnum uint
+
+const (
+	SMSingleSlice      SliceModeEnum = C.SM_SINGLE_SLICE      ///< | SliceNum==1
+	SMFixedslcnumSlice SliceModeEnum = C.SM_FIXEDSLCNUM_SLICE ///< | according to SliceNum        | enabled dynamic slicing for multi-thread
+	SMRasterSlice      SliceModeEnum = C.SM_RASTER_SLICE      ///< | according to SlicesAssign    | need input of MB numbers each slice. In addition, if other constraint in SSliceArgument is presented, need to follow the constraints. Typically if MB num and slice size are both constrained, re-encoding may be involved.
+	SMSizelimitedSlice SliceModeEnum = C.SM_SIZELIMITED_SLICE ///< | according to SliceSize       | slicing according to size, the slicing will be dynamic(have no idea about slice_nums until encoding current frame)
+)
+
 // NewParams returns default openh264 codec specific parameters.
 func NewParams() (Params, error) {
 	return Params{
 		BaseParams: codec.BaseParams{
 			BitRate: 100000,
 		},
+		UsageType:           CameraVideoRealTime,
+		RCMode:              RCBitrateMode,
+		EnableFrameSkip:     true,
+		MaxNalSize:          0,
+		IntraPeriod:         30,
+		MultipleThreadIdc:   0, // Defaults to 0, so that it'll automatically use multi threads when needed
+		SliceNum:            1, // Defaults to single NAL unit mode
+		SliceMode:           SMSizelimitedSlice,
+		SliceSizeConstraint: 12800,
 	}, nil
 }
 

pkg/codec/opus/Makefile

@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ $(output_path): $(src_dir)/$(lib_prefix).a | $(lib_dir)
 
 $(src_dir)/$(lib_prefix).a: | $(src_dir)
 	cd $(src_dir) && \
-		$(MEDIADEVICES_TOOLCHAIN_BIN) cmake -DOPUS_STACK_PROTECTOR=OFF && \
-		$(MEDIADEVICES_TOOLCHAIN_BIN) make
+		$(MEDIADEVICES_TOOLCHAIN_BIN) cmake -DOPUS_STACK_PROTECTOR=OFF -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fpic" && \
+		$(MEDIADEVICES_TOOLCHAIN_BIN) make VERBOSE=1
 
 $(src_dir): | $(src_root_dir)
 	git clone --depth=1 --branch=$(version) $(git_url) $@

pkg/codec/opus/opus.go

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ package opus
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"math"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 /*
 #include <opus.h>
 
-int bridge_encoder_set_bitrate(OpusEncoder *e, opus_int32 bitrate)
+int pion_set_encoder_bitrate(OpusEncoder *e, opus_int32 bitrate)
 {
 	return opus_encoder_ctl(e, OPUS_SET_BITRATE(bitrate));
 }
@@ -26,9 +27,9 @@ type encoder struct {
 	inBuff wave.Audio
 	reader audio.Reader
 	engine *C.OpusEncoder
-}
 
-var latencies = []float64{5, 10, 20, 40, 60}
+	mu sync.Mutex
+}
 
 func newEncoder(r audio.Reader, p prop.Media, params Params) (codec.ReadCloser, error) {
 	var cerror C.int
@@ -37,10 +38,6 @@ func newEncoder(r audio.Reader, p prop.Media, params Params) (codec.ReadCloser,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opus: inProp.SampleRate is required")
 	}
 
-	if p.Latency == 0 {
-		p.Latency = 20
-	}
-
 	if params.BitRate == 0 {
 		params.BitRate = 32000
 	}
@@ -49,19 +46,8 @@ func newEncoder(r audio.Reader, p prop.Media, params Params) (codec.ReadCloser,
 		params.ChannelMixer = &mixer.MonoMixer{}
 	}
 
-	// Select the nearest supported latency
-	var targetLatency float64
-	// TODO: use p.Latency.Milliseconds() after Go 1.12 EOL
-	latencyInMS := float64(p.Latency.Nanoseconds() / 1000000)
-	nearestDist := math.Inf(+1)
-	for _, latency := range latencies {
-		dist := math.Abs(latency - latencyInMS)
-		if dist >= nearestDist {
-			break
-		}
-
-		nearestDist = dist
-		targetLatency = latency
+	if !params.Latency.Validate() {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("opus: unsupported latency %v", params.Latency)
 	}
 
 	channels := p.ChannelCount
@@ -77,7 +63,7 @@ func newEncoder(r audio.Reader, p prop.Media, params Params) (codec.ReadCloser,
 	}
 
 	rMix := audio.NewChannelMixer(channels, params.ChannelMixer)
-	rBuf := audio.NewBuffer(int(targetLatency * float64(p.SampleRate) / 1000))
+	rBuf := audio.NewBuffer(params.Latency.samples(p.SampleRate))
 	e := encoder{
 		engine: engine,
 		reader: rMix(rBuf(r)),
@@ -97,6 +83,12 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
 
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	if e.engine == nil {
+		return nil, nil, io.EOF
+	}
+
 	encoded := make([]byte, 1024)
 	var n C.opus_int32
 	switch b := buff.(type) {
@@ -128,7 +120,7 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 }
 
 func (e *encoder) SetBitRate(bitRate int) error {
-	cerror := C.bridge_encoder_set_bitrate(
+	cerror := C.pion_set_encoder_bitrate(
 		e.engine,
 		C.int(bitRate),
 	)
@@ -139,11 +131,16 @@ func (e *encoder) SetBitRate(bitRate int) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+func (e *encoder) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
 func (e *encoder) Close() error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	if e.engine == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
 	C.opus_encoder_destroy(e.engine)
 	e.engine = nil
 	return nil

pkg/codec/opus/opus_static.go

@@ -8,5 +8,6 @@ package opus
 //#cgo linux,arm64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopus-linux-arm64.a -lm
 //#cgo linux,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopus-linux-x64.a -lm
 //#cgo darwin,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopus-darwin-x64.a
+//#cgo darwin,arm64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopus-darwin-arm64.a
 //#cgo windows,amd64 LDFLAGS: ${SRCDIR}/lib/libopus-windows-x64.a
 import "C"

pkg/codec/opus/opus_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package opus
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/internal/codectest"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/wave"
+)
+
+func TestShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement key frame control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncoder(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("SimpleRead", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.AudioEncoderSimpleReadTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Audio: prop.Audio{
+					SampleRate:   48000,
+					ChannelCount: 2,
+				},
+			},
+			wave.NewInt16Interleaved(wave.ChunkInfo{
+				Len:          960,
+				SamplingRate: 48000,
+				Channels:     2,
+			}),
+		)
+	})
+	t.Run("CloseTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.AudioEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t, &p, prop.Media{
+			Audio: prop.Audio{
+				SampleRate:   48000,
+				ChannelCount: 2,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	t.Run("ReadAfterClose", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		codectest.AudioEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Audio: prop.Audio{
+					SampleRate:   48000,
+					ChannelCount: 2,
+				},
+			},
+			wave.NewInt16Interleaved(wave.ChunkInfo{
+				Len:          960,
+				SamplingRate: 48000,
+				Channels:     2,
+			}),
+		)
+	})
+}

pkg/codec/opus/params.go

@@ -1,27 +1,69 @@
 package opus
 
 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/wave/mixer"
 )
 
+// Latency is a type of OPUS codec frame duration.
+type Latency time.Duration
+
+// Latency values available in OPUS codec.
+const (
+	Latency2500us Latency = Latency(2500 * time.Microsecond)
+	Latency5ms    Latency = Latency(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	Latency10ms   Latency = Latency(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	Latency20ms   Latency = Latency(20 * time.Millisecond)
+	Latency40ms   Latency = Latency(40 * time.Millisecond)
+	Latency60ms   Latency = Latency(60 * time.Millisecond)
+)
+
+// Validate that the Latency is allowed in OPUS.
+func (l Latency) Validate() bool {
+	switch l {
+	case Latency2500us, Latency5ms, Latency10ms, Latency20ms, Latency40ms, Latency60ms:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// Duration returns latency in time.Duration.
+func (l Latency) Duration() time.Duration {
+	return time.Duration(l)
+}
+
+// samples returns number of samples for given sample rate.
+func (l Latency) samples(sampleRate int) int {
+	return int(l.Duration() * time.Duration(sampleRate) / time.Second)
+}
+
 // Params stores opus specific encoding parameters.
 type Params struct {
 	codec.BaseParams
 	// ChannelMixer is a mixer to be used if number of given and expected channels differ.
 	ChannelMixer mixer.ChannelMixer
+
+	// Expected latency of the codec.
+	Latency Latency
 }
 
 // NewParams returns default opus codec specific parameters.
 func NewParams() (Params, error) {
-	return Params{}, nil
+	return Params{
+		Latency: Latency20ms,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // RTPCodec represents the codec metadata
 func (p *Params) RTPCodec() *codec.RTPCodec {
-	return codec.NewRTPOpusCodec(48000)
+	c := codec.NewRTPOpusCodec(48000)
+	c.Latency = time.Duration(p.Latency)
+	return c
 }
 
 // BuildAudioEncoder builds opus encoder with given params

pkg/codec/opus/params_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package opus
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestLatency_Validate(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Valid", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, l := range []Latency{
+			Latency2500us, Latency5ms, Latency10ms, Latency20ms, Latency40ms, Latency60ms,
+		} {
+			if !l.Validate() {
+				t.Errorf("Defined Latency(%v) must be valid", l)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("Invalid", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, l := range []Latency{
+			0, Latency(time.Second),
+		} {
+			if l.Validate() {
+				t.Errorf("Latency(%v) must be valid", l)
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLatency_samples(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		latency    Latency
+		sampleRate int
+		samples    int
+	}{
+		{Latency5ms, 48000, 240},
+		{Latency20ms, 16000, 320},
+		{Latency20ms, 48000, 960},
+	}
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%v_%d", time.Duration(testCase.latency), testCase.sampleRate), func(t *testing.T) {
+			samples := testCase.latency.samples(testCase.sampleRate)
+			if samples != testCase.samples {
+				t.Errorf("Expected samples: %d, got: %d", testCase.samples, samples)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/vaapi/vaapi.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
 // +build dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
 
 // Package vaapi implements hardware accelerated codecs.

pkg/codec/vaapi/vaapi_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+// +build dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
+
+package vaapi
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"image"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/internal/codectest"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+)
+
+func TestEncoder(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := os.Stat("/dev/dri/card0"); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		t.Skip("/dev/dri/card0 not found")
+	}
+
+	for name, factory := range map[string]func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error){
+		"VP8": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
+			p, err := NewVP8Params()
+			return &p, err
+		},
+		"VP9": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
+			p, err := NewVP9Params()
+			return &p, err
+		},
+	} {
+		factory := factory
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("SimpleRead", func(t *testing.T) {
+				p, err := factory()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				codectest.VideoEncoderSimpleReadTest(t, p,
+					prop.Media{
+						Video: prop.Video{
+							Width:       256,
+							Height:      144,
+							FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+						},
+					},
+					image.NewYCbCr(
+						image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+						image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+					),
+				)
+			})
+			t.Run("CloseTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+				p, err := factory()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				codectest.VideoEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t, p, prop.Media{
+					Video: prop.Video{
+						Width:       640,
+						Height:      480,
+						FrameRate:   30,
+						FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+					},
+				})
+			})
+			t.Run("ReadAfterClose", func(t *testing.T) {
+				p, err := factory()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				codectest.VideoEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t, p,
+					prop.Media{
+						Video: prop.Video{
+							Width:       256,
+							Height:      144,
+							FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+						},
+					},
+					image.NewYCbCr(
+						image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+						image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+					),
+				)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/vaapi/vp8.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
 // +build dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
 
 package vaapi
@@ -61,6 +62,7 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"io"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
@@ -99,6 +101,8 @@ type encoderVP8 struct {
 
 	rate *framerateDetector
 
+	forceKeyFrame atomic.Bool
+
 	mu     sync.Mutex
 	closed bool
 }
@@ -303,10 +307,11 @@ func (e *encoderVP8) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := e.r.Read()
+	img, release, err := e.r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
+	defer release()
 	yuvImg := img.(*image.YCbCr)
 
 	kf := e.frameCnt%e.params.KeyFrameInterval == 0
@@ -314,7 +319,7 @@ func (e *encoderVP8) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 
 	e.frParam.data.framerate = C.uint(e.rate.Calc())
 
-	if kf {
+	if kf || e.forceKeyFrame.CompareAndSwap(true, false) {
 		// Key frame
 		C.setForceKFFlagVP8(&e.picParam, 1)
 		C.setFrameTypeFlagVP8(&e.picParam, 0)
@@ -540,18 +545,22 @@ func (e *encoderVP8) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 	return encoded, func() {}, err
 }
 
-func (e *encoderVP8) SetBitRate(b int) error {
-	panic("SetBitRate is not implemented")
+func (e *encoderVP8) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
-func (e *encoderVP8) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+func (e *encoderVP8) ForceKeyFrame() {
+	e.forceKeyFrame.Store(true)
 }
 
 func (e *encoderVP8) Close() error {
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	defer e.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if e.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	C.vaDestroySurfaces(e.display, &e.surfs[0], C.int(len(e.surfs)))
 	C.vaDestroyContext(e.display, e.ctxID)
 	C.vaDestroyConfig(e.display, e.confID)

pkg/codec/vaapi/vp8_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+// +build dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
+
+package vaapi
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestVP8ShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement bit rate control
+
+	e := &encoderVP8{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVP8ShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &encoderVP8{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/vaapi/vp9.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
 // +build dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
 
 package vaapi
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ import (
 	"image"
 	"io"
 	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
@@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ type encoderVP9 struct {
 
 	rate *framerateDetector
 
+	forceKeyFrame atomic.Bool
+
 	mu     sync.Mutex
 	closed bool
 }
@@ -292,10 +296,11 @@ func (e *encoderVP9) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := e.r.Read()
+	img, release, err := e.r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
+	defer release()
 	yuvImg := img.(*image.YCbCr)
 
 	kf := e.frameCnt%e.params.KeyFrameInterval == 0
@@ -303,7 +308,7 @@ func (e *encoderVP9) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 
 	e.frParam.data.framerate = C.uint(e.rate.Calc())
 
-	if kf {
+	if kf || e.forceKeyFrame.CompareAndSwap(true, false) {
 		C.setForceKFFlag9(&e.picParam, 1)
 		C.setFrameTypeFlagVP9(&e.picParam, 0)
 		e.picParam.refresh_frame_flags = 0
@@ -475,18 +480,22 @@ func (e *encoderVP9) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 	return encoded, func() {}, err
 }
 
-func (e *encoderVP9) SetBitRate(b int) error {
-	panic("SetBitRate is not implemented")
+func (e *encoderVP9) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
-func (e *encoderVP9) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+func (e *encoderVP9) ForceKeyFrame() {
+	e.forceKeyFrame.Store(true)
 }
 
 func (e *encoderVP9) Close() error {
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	defer e.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if e.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	C.vaDestroySurfaces(e.display, &e.surfs[0], C.int(len(e.surfs)))
 	C.vaDestroyContext(e.display, e.ctxID)
 	C.vaDestroyConfig(e.display, e.confID)

pkg/codec/vaapi/vp9_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build dragonfly || freebsd || linux || netbsd || openbsd || solaris
+// +build dragonfly freebsd linux netbsd openbsd solaris
+
+package vaapi
+
+import (
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestVP9ShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement bit rate control
+
+	e := &encoderVP9{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestVP9ShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &encoderVP9{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/vpx/params.go

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ type Params struct {
 	RateControlOvershootPercent  uint
 	RateControlMinQuantizer      uint
 	RateControlMaxQuantizer      uint
+	LagInFrames                  uint
 	ErrorResilient               ErrorResilientMode
 }
 

pkg/codec/vpx/vpx.go

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ package vpx
 // int pktSz(vpx_codec_cx_pkt_t *pkt) {
 //   return pkt->data.frame.sz;
 // }
+// vpx_codec_frame_flags_t pktFrameFlags(vpx_codec_cx_pkt_t *pkt) {
+//   return pkt->data.frame.flags;
+// }
 //
 // // Alloc helpers
 // vpx_codec_ctx_t *newCtx() {
@@ -61,15 +64,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 type encoder struct {
-	codec      *C.vpx_codec_ctx_t
-	raw        *C.vpx_image_t
-	cfg        *C.vpx_codec_enc_cfg_t
-	r          video.Reader
-	frameIndex int
-	tStart     int
-	tLastFrame int
-	frame      []byte
-	deadline   int
+	codec           *C.vpx_codec_ctx_t
+	raw             *C.vpx_image_t
+	cfg             *C.vpx_codec_enc_cfg_t
+	r               video.Reader
+	frameIndex      int
+	tStart          int
+	tLastFrame      int
+	frame           []byte
+	deadline        int
+	requireKeyFrame bool
+	isKeyFrame      bool
 
 	mu     sync.Mutex
 	closed bool
@@ -141,6 +146,7 @@ func newParams(codecIface *C.vpx_codec_iface_t) (Params, error) {
 		RateControlOvershootPercent:  uint(cfg.rc_overshoot_pct),
 		RateControlMinQuantizer:      uint(cfg.rc_min_quantizer),
 		RateControlMaxQuantizer:      uint(cfg.rc_max_quantizer),
+		LagInFrames:                  uint(cfg.g_lag_in_frames),
 		ErrorResilient:               ErrorResilientMode(cfg.g_error_resilient),
 	}, nil
 }
@@ -171,6 +177,7 @@ func newEncoder(r video.Reader, p prop.Media, params Params, codecIface *C.vpx_c
 	cfg.g_h = C.uint(p.Height)
 	cfg.g_timebase.num = 1
 	cfg.g_timebase.den = 1000
+	cfg.g_lag_in_frames = C.uint(params.LagInFrames)
 	cfg.rc_target_bitrate = C.uint(params.BitRate) / 1000
 	cfg.kf_max_dist = C.uint(params.KeyFrameInterval)
 
@@ -212,10 +219,11 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := e.r.Read()
+	img, release, err := e.r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
+	defer release()
 	yuvImg := img.(*image.YCbCr)
 	bounds := yuvImg.Bounds()
 	height := C.int(bounds.Dy())
@@ -254,6 +262,9 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		duration = 1
 	}
 	var flags int
+	if e.requireKeyFrame {
+		flags = flags | C.VPX_EFLAG_FORCE_KF
+	}
 	if ec := C.encode_wrapper(
 		e.codec, e.raw,
 		C.long(t-e.tStart), C.ulong(duration), C.long(flags), C.ulong(e.deadline),
@@ -262,6 +273,7 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("vpx_codec_encode failed (%d)", ec)
 	}
 
+	e.requireKeyFrame = false
 	e.frameIndex++
 	e.tLastFrame = t
 
@@ -273,6 +285,7 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 			break
 		}
 		if pkt.kind == C.VPX_CODEC_CX_FRAME_PKT {
+			e.isKeyFrame = C.pktFrameFlags(pkt)&C.VPX_FRAME_IS_KEY == C.VPX_FRAME_IS_KEY
 			encoded := C.GoBytes(unsafe.Pointer(C.pktBuf(pkt)), C.pktSz(pkt))
 			e.frame = append(e.frame, encoded...)
 		}
@@ -283,18 +296,25 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 	return encoded, func() {}, err
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) SetBitRate(b int) error {
-	panic("SetBitRate is not implemented")
+func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	e.requireKeyFrame = true
+	return nil
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+func (e *encoder) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
 func (e *encoder) Close() error {
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	defer e.mu.Unlock()
 
+	if e.closed {
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	e.closed = true
 
 	C.free(unsafe.Pointer(e.raw))

pkg/codec/vpx/vpx_test.go

@@ -7,11 +7,82 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/internal/codectest"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
 )
 
+func TestEncoder(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, factory := range map[string]func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error){
+		"VP8": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
+			p, err := NewVP8Params()
+			return &p, err
+		},
+		"VP9": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
+			p, err := NewVP9Params()
+			p.LagInFrames = 0
+			return &p, err
+		},
+	} {
+		factory := factory
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Run("SimpleRead", func(t *testing.T) {
+				p, err := factory()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				codectest.VideoEncoderSimpleReadTest(t, p,
+					prop.Media{
+						Video: prop.Video{
+							Width:       256,
+							Height:      144,
+							FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+						},
+					},
+					image.NewYCbCr(
+						image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+						image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+					),
+				)
+			})
+			t.Run("CloseTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+				p, err := factory()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				codectest.VideoEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t, p, prop.Media{
+					Video: prop.Video{
+						Width:       640,
+						Height:      480,
+						FrameRate:   30,
+						FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+					},
+				})
+			})
+			t.Run("ReadAfterClose", func(t *testing.T) {
+				p, err := factory()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				codectest.VideoEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t, p,
+					prop.Media{
+						Video: prop.Video{
+							Width:       256,
+							Height:      144,
+							FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+						},
+					},
+					image.NewYCbCr(
+						image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+						image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+					),
+				)
+			})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestImageSizeChange(t *testing.T) {
 	for name, factory := range map[string]func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error){
 		"VP8": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
@@ -20,6 +91,8 @@ func TestImageSizeChange(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		"VP9": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
 			p, err := NewVP9Params()
+			// Disable latency to ease test and begin to receive packets for each input frame
+			p.LagInFrames = 0
 			return &p, err
 		},
 	} {
@@ -87,3 +160,88 @@ func TestImageSizeChange(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRequestKeyFrame(t *testing.T) {
+	for name, factory := range map[string]func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error){
+		"VP8": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
+			p, err := NewVP8Params()
+			return &p, err
+		},
+		"VP9": func() (codec.VideoEncoderBuilder, error) {
+			p, err := NewVP9Params()
+			// Disable latency to ease test and begin to receive packets for each input frame
+			p.LagInFrames = 0
+			return &p, err
+		},
+	} {
+		factory := factory
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			param, err := factory()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			var initialWidth, initialHeight, width, height int = 320, 240, 320, 240
+
+			var cnt uint32
+			r, err := param.BuildVideoEncoder(
+				video.ReaderFunc(func() (image.Image, func(), error) {
+					i := atomic.AddUint32(&cnt, 1)
+					if i == 3 {
+						return nil, nil, io.EOF
+					}
+					return image.NewYCbCr(
+						image.Rect(0, 0, width, height),
+						image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+					), func() {}, nil
+				}),
+				prop.Media{
+					Video: prop.Video{
+						Width:       initialWidth,
+						Height:      initialHeight,
+						FrameRate:   1,
+						FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+					},
+				},
+			)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			_, rel, err := r.Read()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			rel()
+			r.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController).ForceKeyFrame()
+			_, rel, err = r.Read()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if !r.(*encoder).isKeyFrame {
+				t.Fatal("Not a key frame")
+			}
+			rel()
+			_, _, err = r.Read()
+			if err != io.EOF {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		})
+
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement bit rate control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}

pkg/codec/x264/bridge.h

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ typedef struct Encoder {
   x264_t *h;
   x264_picture_t pic_in;
   x264_param_t param;
+  int force_key_frame;
 } Encoder;
 
 Encoder *enc_new(x264_param_t param, char *preset, int *rc) {
@@ -85,8 +86,14 @@ Slice enc_encode(Encoder *e, uint8_t *y, uint8_t *cb, uint8_t *cr, int *rc) {
   e->pic_in.img.plane[0] = y;
   e->pic_in.img.plane[1] = cb;
   e->pic_in.img.plane[2] = cr;
+  if (e->force_key_frame) {
+    e->pic_in.i_type = X264_TYPE_IDR;
+  } else {
+    e->pic_in.i_type = X264_TYPE_AUTO;
+  }
 
   int frame_size = x264_encoder_encode(e->h, &nal, &i_nal, &e->pic_in, &pic_out);
+  e->force_key_frame = 0;
   Slice s = {.data_len = frame_size};
   if (frame_size <= 0) {
     *rc = ERR_ENCODE;

pkg/codec/x264/x264.go

@@ -102,10 +102,11 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 		return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := e.r.Read()
+	img, release, err := e.r.Read()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, func() {}, err
 	}
+	defer release()
 	yuvImg := img.(*image.YCbCr)
 
 	var rc C.int
@@ -124,12 +125,16 @@ func (e *encoder) Read() ([]byte, func(), error) {
 	return encoded, func() {}, err
 }
 
-func (e *encoder) SetBitRate(b int) error {
-	panic("SetBitRate is not implemented")
-}
+// TODO: Implement bit rate control
+//var _ codec.BitRateController = (*encoder)(nil)
 
 func (e *encoder) ForceKeyFrame() error {
-	panic("ForceKeyFrame is not implemented")
+	e.engine.force_key_frame = C.int(1)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) Controller() codec.EncoderController {
+	return e
 }
 
 func (e *encoder) Close() error {

pkg/codec/x264/x264_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package x264
+
+import (
+	"image"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/codec/internal/codectest"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+)
+
+func TestEncoder(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("SimpleRead", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		p.BitRate = 200000
+		codectest.VideoEncoderSimpleReadTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       256,
+					Height:      144,
+					FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+				},
+			},
+			image.NewYCbCr(
+				image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+				image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+			),
+		)
+	})
+	t.Run("CloseTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		p.BitRate = 200000
+		codectest.VideoEncoderCloseTwiceTest(t, &p, prop.Media{
+			Video: prop.Video{
+				Width:       640,
+				Height:      480,
+				FrameRate:   30,
+				FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	t.Run("ReadAfterClose", func(t *testing.T) {
+		p, err := NewParams()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		p.BitRate = 200000
+		codectest.VideoEncoderReadAfterCloseTest(t, &p,
+			prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       256,
+					Height:      144,
+					FrameFormat: frame.FormatI420,
+				},
+			},
+			image.NewYCbCr(
+				image.Rect(0, 0, 256, 144),
+				image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+			),
+		)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementKeyFrameControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement key frame control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.KeyFrameController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldImplementBitRateControl(t *testing.T) {
+	t.SkipNow() // TODO: Implement bit rate control
+
+	e := &encoder{}
+	if _, ok := e.Controller().(codec.BitRateController); !ok {
+		t.Error()
+	}
+}

pkg/driver/availability/error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+package availability
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+)
+
+var (
+	ErrUnimplemented = NewError("not implemented")
+	ErrBusy          = NewError("device or resource busy")
+	ErrNoDevice      = NewError("no such device")
+)
+
+type errorString struct {
+	s string
+}
+
+func NewError(text string) error {
+	return &errorString{text}
+}
+
+func IsError(err error) bool {
+	var target *errorString
+	return errors.As(err, &target)
+}
+
+func (e *errorString) Error() string {
+	return e.s
+}

pkg/driver/camera/camera.go

@@ -1 +1,16 @@
+/*
+Package camera provides a video camera driver.
+
+Device Label Generation Rules
+
+On Linux, the device label will be in the format of:
+	pci-0000:00:00.0-usb-0:0:0.0-video-index0;video0
+If /dev/v4l/by-path/* is not available (for example in a docker container without
+bindings in /dev/v4l/by-path/), it will be:
+	video0;video0
+*/
 package camera
+
+// LabelSeparator is used to separate labels for a driver that
+// is found from multiple locations on a host.
+const LabelSeparator = ";"

pkg/driver/camera/camera_bench_test.go

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func BenchmarkRead(b *testing.B) {
 
 			b.ResetTimer()
 			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-				_, err := r.Read()
+				_, _, err := r.Read()
 				if err != nil {
 					b.Fatalf("Failed to read: %v", err)
 				}

pkg/driver/camera/camera_darwin.go

@@ -13,9 +13,15 @@ import (
 type camera struct {
 	device  avfoundation.Device
 	session *avfoundation.Session
+	rcClose func()
 }
 
 func init() {
+	Initialize()
+}
+
+// Initialize finds and registers camera devices. This is part of an experimental API.
+func Initialize() {
 	devices, err := avfoundation.Devices(avfoundation.Video)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
@@ -26,6 +32,7 @@ func init() {
 		driver.GetManager().Register(cam, driver.Info{
 			Label:      device.UID,
 			DeviceType: driver.Camera,
+			Name:       device.Name,
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -43,6 +50,9 @@ func (cam *camera) Open() error {
 }
 
 func (cam *camera) Close() error {
+	if cam.rcClose != nil {
+		cam.rcClose()
+	}
 	return cam.session.Close()
 }
 
@@ -56,6 +66,7 @@ func (cam *camera) VideoRecord(property prop.Media) (video.Reader, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	cam.rcClose = rc.Close
 	r := video.ReaderFunc(func() (image.Image, func(), error) {
 		frame, _, err := rc.Read()
 		if err != nil {

pkg/driver/camera/camera_darwin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// +build darwin
+
+// $ go test -v . -tags darwin -run="^TestCameraFrameFormatSupport$"
+
+package camera
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/avfoundation"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+)
+
+func TestCameraFrameFormatSupport(t *testing.T) {
+	devices, err := avfoundation.Devices(avfoundation.Video)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(devices) > 0 {
+		c := newCamera(devices[0])
+		if err := c.Open(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer c.Close()
+
+		supportedFormats := make(map[frame.Format]struct{})
+		for _, p := range c.Properties() {
+			supportedFormats[p.FrameFormat] = struct{}{}
+		}
+
+		for _, format := range []frame.Format{
+			frame.FormatI420,
+			frame.FormatNV12,
+			frame.FormatNV21,
+			frame.FormatYUY2,
+			frame.FormatUYVY,
+		} {
+			if _, ok := supportedFormats[format]; !ok {
+				t.Logf("[%v] UNSUPPORTED", format)
+				continue
+			}
+			r, err := c.VideoRecord(prop.Media{
+				Video: prop.Video{
+					Width:       640,
+					Height:      480,
+					FrameFormat: format,
+				}})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Logf("[%v] Failed to capture image: %v", format, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+				_, _, err := r.Read()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Logf("[%v] Failed to read: %v", format, err)
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			t.Logf("[%v] OK", format)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/driver/camera/camera_linux.go

@@ -8,9 +8,15 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"image"
 	"io"
+	"math"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/availability"
 
 	"github.com/blackjack/webcam"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver"
@@ -59,6 +65,8 @@ var (
 	}
 )
 
+const bufCount = 2
+
 // Camera implementation using v4l2
 // Reference: https://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis/uapi/v4l/videodev.html#videodev
 type camera struct {
@@ -69,55 +77,82 @@ type camera struct {
 	started         bool
 	mutex           sync.Mutex
 	cancel          func()
+	prevFrameTime   time.Time
 }
 
 func init() {
-	discovered := make(map[string]struct{})
+	Initialize()
+}
 
-	discover := func(pattern string) {
-		devices, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
-		if err != nil {
-			// No v4l device.
-			return
-		}
-		for _, device := range devices {
-			label := filepath.Base(device)
-			reallink, err := os.Readlink(device)
-			if err != nil {
-				reallink = label
-			} else {
-				reallink = filepath.Base(reallink)
-			}
-
-			if _, ok := discovered[reallink]; ok {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			discovered[reallink] = struct{}{}
-			cam := newCamera(device)
-			priority := driver.PriorityNormal
-			if label == prioritizedDevice {
-				priority = driver.PriorityHigh
-			}
-			driver.GetManager().Register(cam, driver.Info{
-				Label:      label,
-				DeviceType: driver.Camera,
-				Priority:   priority,
-			})
-		}
+// Initialize finds and registers camera devices. This is part of an experimental API.
+func Initialize() {
+	// Clear all registered camera devices to prevent duplicates.
+	// If first initalize call, this will be a noop.
+	manager := driver.GetManager()
+	for _, d := range manager.Query(driver.FilterVideoRecorder()) {
+		manager.Delete(d.ID())
 	}
+	discovered := make(map[string]struct{})
+	discover(discovered, "/dev/v4l/by-id/*")
+	discover(discovered, "/dev/v4l/by-path/*")
+	discover(discovered, "/dev/video*")
+}
 
-	discover("/dev/v4l/by-path/*")
-	discover("/dev/video*")
+func discover(discovered map[string]struct{}, pattern string) {
+	devices, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		// No v4l device.
+		return
+	}
+	for _, device := range devices {
+		label := filepath.Base(device)
+		reallink, err := os.Readlink(device)
+		if err != nil {
+			reallink = label
+		} else {
+			reallink = filepath.Base(reallink)
+		}
+		if _, ok := discovered[reallink]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		discovered[reallink] = struct{}{}
+		cam := newCamera(device)
+		priority := driver.PriorityNormal
+		if reallink == prioritizedDevice {
+			priority = driver.PriorityHigh
+		}
+
+		var name, busInfo string
+		if webcamCam, err := webcam.Open(cam.path); err == nil {
+			name, _ = webcamCam.GetName()
+			busInfo, _ = webcamCam.GetBusInfo()
+		}
+
+		driver.GetManager().Register(cam, driver.Info{
+			// 	Source: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.9/media/uapi/v4l/vidioc-querycap.html
+			//	Name of the device, a NUL-terminated UTF-8 string. For example: “Yoyodyne TV/FM”. One driver may support
+			//	different brands or models of video hardware. This information is intended for users, for example in a
+			//	menu of available devices. Since multiple TV cards of the same brand may be installed which are
+			//	supported by the same driver, this name should be combined with the character device file name
+			//	(e.g. /dev/video2) or the bus_info string to avoid ambiguities.
+			Name:       name + LabelSeparator + busInfo,
+			Label:      label + LabelSeparator + reallink,
+			DeviceType: driver.Camera,
+			Priority:   priority,
+		})
+	}
 }
 
 func newCamera(path string) *camera {
 	formats := map[webcam.PixelFormat]frame.Format{
 		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUV420): frame.FormatI420,
+		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV21):   frame.FormatNV21,
+		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12):   frame.FormatNV12,
 		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV):   frame.FormatYUYV,
 		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_UYVY):   frame.FormatUYVY,
-		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_NV12):   frame.FormatNV21,
 		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG):  frame.FormatMJPEG,
+		webcam.PixelFormat(C.V4L2_PIX_FMT_Z16):    frame.FormatZ16,
 	}
 
 	reversedFormats := make(map[frame.Format]webcam.PixelFormat)
@@ -133,14 +168,32 @@ func newCamera(path string) *camera {
 	return c
 }
 
+func getCameraReadTimeout() uint32 {
+	// default to 5 seconds
+	var readTimeoutSec uint32 = 5
+	if val, ok := os.LookupEnv("PION_MEDIADEVICES_CAMERA_READ_TIMEOUT"); ok {
+		if valInt, err := strconv.Atoi(val); err == nil {
+			if valInt > 0 {
+				readTimeoutSec = uint32(valInt)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return readTimeoutSec
+}
+
 func (c *camera) Open() error {
 	cam, err := webcam.Open(c.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Late frames should be discarded. Buffering should be handled in higher level.
-	cam.SetBufferCount(1)
+	// Buffering should be handled in higher level.
+	err = cam.SetBufferCount(bufCount)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	c.prevFrameTime = time.Now()
 	c.cam = cam
 	return nil
 }
@@ -179,12 +232,21 @@ func (c *camera) VideoRecord(p prop.Media) (video.Reader, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	if p.FrameRate > 0 {
+		err = c.cam.SetFramerate(float32(p.FrameRate))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
 	if err := c.cam.StartStreaming(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	cam := c.cam
 
+	readTimeoutSec := getCameraReadTimeout()
+
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	c.cancel = cancel
 	var buf []byte
@@ -200,7 +262,14 @@ func (c *camera) VideoRecord(p prop.Media) (video.Reader, error) {
 				return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 			}
 
-			err := cam.WaitForFrame(5) // 5 seconds
+			if p.DiscardFramesOlderThan != 0 && time.Now().Sub(c.prevFrameTime) >= p.DiscardFramesOlderThan {
+				for i := 0; i < bufCount; i++ {
+					_ = cam.WaitForFrame(readTimeoutSec)
+					_, _ = cam.ReadFrame()
+				}
+			}
+
+			err := cam.WaitForFrame(readTimeoutSec)
 			switch err.(type) {
 			case nil:
 			case *webcam.Timeout:
@@ -216,6 +285,10 @@ func (c *camera) VideoRecord(p prop.Media) (video.Reader, error) {
 				return nil, func() {}, err
 			}
 
+			if p.DiscardFramesOlderThan != 0 {
+				c.prevFrameTime = time.Now()
+			}
+
 			// Frame is empty.
 			// Retry reading and return errEmptyFrame if it exceeds maxEmptyFrameCount.
 			if len(b) == 0 {
@@ -249,13 +322,31 @@ func (c *camera) Properties() []prop.Media {
 			}
 
 			if frameSize.StepWidth == 0 || frameSize.StepHeight == 0 {
-				properties = append(properties, prop.Media{
-					Video: prop.Video{
-						Width:       int(frameSize.MaxWidth),
-						Height:      int(frameSize.MaxHeight),
-						FrameFormat: supportedFormat,
-					},
-				})
+				framerates := c.cam.GetSupportedFramerates(format, uint32(frameSize.MaxWidth), uint32(frameSize.MaxHeight))
+				// If the camera doesn't support framerate, we just add the resolution and format
+				if len(framerates) == 0 {
+					properties = append(properties, prop.Media{
+						Video: prop.Video{
+							Width:       int(frameSize.MaxWidth),
+							Height:      int(frameSize.MaxHeight),
+							FrameFormat: supportedFormat,
+						},
+					})
+					continue
+				}
+
+				for _, framerate := range framerates {
+					for _, fps := range enumFramerate(framerate) {
+						properties = append(properties, prop.Media{
+							Video: prop.Video{
+								Width:       int(frameSize.MaxWidth),
+								Height:      int(frameSize.MaxHeight),
+								FrameFormat: supportedFormat,
+								FrameRate:   fps,
+							},
+						})
+					}
+				}
 			} else {
 				// FIXME: we should probably use a custom data structure to capture all of the supported resolutions
 				for _, supportedResolution := range supportedResolutions {
@@ -274,16 +365,100 @@ func (c *camera) Properties() []prop.Media {
 						continue
 					}
 
-					properties = append(properties, prop.Media{
-						Video: prop.Video{
-							Width:       width,
-							Height:      height,
-							FrameFormat: supportedFormat,
-						},
-					})
+					framerates := c.cam.GetSupportedFramerates(format, uint32(width), uint32(height))
+					if len(framerates) == 0 {
+						properties = append(properties, prop.Media{
+							Video: prop.Video{
+								Width:       width,
+								Height:      height,
+								FrameFormat: supportedFormat,
+							},
+						})
+						continue
+					}
+
+					for _, framerate := range framerates {
+						for _, fps := range enumFramerate(framerate) {
+							properties = append(properties, prop.Media{
+								Video: prop.Video{
+									Width:       width,
+									Height:      height,
+									FrameFormat: supportedFormat,
+									FrameRate:   fps,
+								},
+							})
+						}
+					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	return properties
 }
+
+func (c *camera) IsAvailable() (bool, error) {
+	var err error
+
+	// close the opened file descriptor as quickly as possible and in all cases, including panics
+	func() {
+		var cam *webcam.Webcam
+		if cam, err = webcam.Open(c.path); err == nil {
+			defer cam.Close()
+			var index int32
+			// "Drivers must implement all the input ioctls when the device has one or more inputs..."
+			// Source: https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/userspace-api/media/v4l/video.html?highlight=vidioc_enuminput
+			if index, err = cam.GetInput(); err == nil {
+				err = cam.SelectInput(uint32(index))
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	var errno syscall.Errno
+	errors.As(err, &errno)
+
+	// See https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/errno.3.html
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return true, nil
+	case errno == syscall.EBUSY:
+		return false, availability.ErrBusy
+	case errno == syscall.ENODEV || errno == syscall.ENOENT:
+		return false, availability.ErrNoDevice
+	default:
+		return false, availability.NewError(errno.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// enumFramerate returns a list of fps options from a FrameRate struct.
+// discrete framerates will return a list of 1 fps element.
+// stepwise framerates will return a list of all possible fps options.
+func enumFramerate(framerate webcam.FrameRate) []float32 {
+	var framerates []float32
+	if framerate.StepNumerator == 0 && framerate.StepDenominator == 0 {
+		fr, err := calcFramerate(framerate.MaxNumerator, framerate.MaxDenominator)
+		if err != nil {
+			return framerates
+		}
+		framerates = append(framerates, fr)
+	} else {
+		for n := framerate.MinNumerator; n <= framerate.MaxNumerator; n += framerate.StepNumerator {
+			for d := framerate.MinDenominator; d <= framerate.MaxDenominator; d += framerate.StepDenominator {
+				fr, err := calcFramerate(n, d)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				framerates = append(framerates, fr)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return framerates
+}
+
+// calcFramerate turns fraction into a float32 fps value.
+func calcFramerate(numerator uint32, denominator uint32) (float32, error) {
+	if denominator == 0 {
+		return 0, errors.New("framerate denominator is zero")
+	}
+	// round to three decimal places to avoid floating point precision issues
+	return float32(math.Round(1000.0/((float64(numerator))/float64(denominator))) / 1000), nil
+}

pkg/driver/camera/camera_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+package camera
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver"
+)
+
+func TestDiscover(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		shortName  = "unittest-video0"
+		shortName2 = "unittest-video1"
+		longName   = "unittest-long-device-name:0:1:2:3"
+	)
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	byPathDir := filepath.Join(dir, "v4l", "by-path")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(byPathDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, shortName), []byte{}, 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, shortName2), []byte{}, 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(
+		filepath.Join(dir, shortName),
+		filepath.Join(byPathDir, longName),
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	discovered := make(map[string]struct{})
+	discover(discovered, filepath.Join(byPathDir, "*"))
+	discover(discovered, filepath.Join(dir, "unittest-video*"))
+
+	drvs := driver.GetManager().Query(func(d driver.Driver) bool {
+		// Ignore real cameras.
+		return d.Info().DeviceType == driver.Camera && strings.Contains(d.Info().Label, "unittest")
+	})
+	if len(drvs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 driver, got %d drivers", len(drvs))
+	}
+
+	labels := []string{
+		drvs[0].Info().Label,
+		drvs[1].Info().Label,
+	}
+
+	// Returned drivers are unordered. Sort to get static result.
+	sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(labels))
+
+	expected := longName + LabelSeparator + shortName
+	if label := labels[0]; label != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected label: %s, got: %s", expected, label)
+	}
+
+	expectedNoLink := shortName2 + LabelSeparator + shortName2
+	if label := labels[1]; label != expectedNoLink {
+		t.Errorf("Expected label: %s, got: %s", expectedNoLink, label)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscoverByID(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		shortName  = "id-unittest-video0"
+		shortName2 = "id-unittest-video1"
+		longName   = "id-unittest-long-device-name:0:1:2:3"
+	)
+
+	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(dir)
+
+	byIdDir := filepath.Join(dir, "v4l", "by-id")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(byIdDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, shortName), []byte{}, 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, shortName2), []byte{}, 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(
+		filepath.Join(dir, shortName),
+		filepath.Join(byIdDir, longName),
+	); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	discovered := make(map[string]struct{})
+	discover(discovered, filepath.Join(byIdDir, "*"))
+	discover(discovered, filepath.Join(dir, "id-unittest-video*"))
+
+	drvs := driver.GetManager().Query(func(d driver.Driver) bool {
+		// Ignore real cameras.
+		return d.Info().DeviceType == driver.Camera && strings.Contains(d.Info().Label, "id-unittest")
+	})
+	if len(drvs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 driver, got %d drivers", len(drvs))
+	}
+
+	labels := []string{
+		drvs[0].Info().Label,
+		drvs[1].Info().Label,
+	}
+
+	// Returned drivers are unordered. Sort to get static result.
+	sort.Sort(sort.StringSlice(labels))
+
+	expected := longName + LabelSeparator + shortName
+	if label := labels[0]; label != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected label: %s, got: %s", expected, label)
+	}
+
+	expectedNoLink := shortName2 + LabelSeparator + shortName2
+	if label := labels[1]; label != expectedNoLink {
+		t.Errorf("Expected label: %s, got: %s", expectedNoLink, label)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetCameraReadTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	var expected uint32 = 5
+	value := getCameraReadTimeout()
+	if value != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected: %d, got: %d", expected, value)
+	}
+
+	envVarName := "PION_MEDIADEVICES_CAMERA_READ_TIMEOUT"
+	os.Setenv(envVarName, "text")
+	value = getCameraReadTimeout()
+	if value != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected: %d, got: %d", expected, value)
+	}
+
+	os.Setenv(envVarName, "-1")
+	value = getCameraReadTimeout()
+	if value != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected: %d, got: %d", expected, value)
+	}
+
+	os.Setenv(envVarName, "1")
+	expected = 1
+	value = getCameraReadTimeout()
+	if value != expected {
+		t.Errorf("Expected: %d, got: %d", expected, value)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalcFramerate(t *testing.T) {
+	framerates := []struct {
+		numerator   uint32
+		denominator uint32
+		expected    float32
+	}{
+		{1, 10, 10.0},
+		{1, 15, 15.0},
+		{1, 30, 30.0},
+		{1, 60, 60.0},
+		{1, 120, 120.0},
+	}
+
+	for _, framerate := range framerates {
+		value, err := calcFramerate(framerate.numerator, framerate.denominator)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		// make sure we do not have any rounding errors
+		if value != framerate.expected {
+			t.Errorf("Expected: %f, got: %f", framerate.expected, value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// divide by zero check
+	_, err := calcFramerate(1, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected divide by zero error")
+	}
+}

pkg/driver/camera/camera_windows.cpp

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ int listCamera(cameraList* list, const char** errstr)
     {
       list->name[i] = getCameraName(moniker);
       moniker->Release();
+      i++;
     }
   }
 

pkg/driver/camera/camera_windows.go

@@ -32,6 +32,11 @@ type camera struct {
 }
 
 func init() {
+	Initialize()
+}
+
+// Initialize finds and registers camera devices. This is part of an experimental API.
+func Initialize() {
 	C.CoInitializeEx(nil, C.COINIT_MULTITHREADED)
 
 	var list C.cameraList

pkg/driver/driver.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package driver
 
 import (
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/availability"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ type Info struct {
 	Label      string
 	DeviceType DeviceType
 	Priority   Priority
+	Name       string
 }
 
 type Adapter interface {
@@ -44,3 +46,14 @@ type Driver interface {
 	Info() Info
 	Status() State
 }
+
+type AvailabilityAdapter interface {
+	IsAvailable() (bool, error)
+}
+
+func IsAvailable(d Driver) (bool, error) {
+	if aa, ok := d.(AvailabilityAdapter); ok {
+		return aa.IsAvailable()
+	}
+	return false, availability.ErrUnimplemented
+}

pkg/driver/manager.go

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package driver
 
+import "sync"
+
 // FilterFn is being used to decide if a driver should be included in the
 // query result.
 type FilterFn func(Driver) bool
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@ func FilterNot(filter FilterFn) FilterFn {
 
 // Manager is a singleton to manage multiple drivers and their states
 type Manager struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
 	drivers map[string]Driver
 }
 
@@ -69,6 +72,8 @@ func GetManager() *Manager {
 
 // Register registers adapter to be discoverable by Query
 func (m *Manager) Register(a Adapter, info Info) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 	d := wrapAdapter(a, info)
 	m.drivers[d.ID()] = d
 	return nil
@@ -76,6 +81,8 @@ func (m *Manager) Register(a Adapter, info Info) error {
 
 // Query queries by using f to filter drivers, and simply return the filtered results.
 func (m *Manager) Query(f FilterFn) []Driver {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
 	results := make([]Driver, 0)
 	for _, d := range m.drivers {
 		if ok := f(d); ok {
@@ -85,3 +92,10 @@ func (m *Manager) Query(f FilterFn) []Driver {
 
 	return results
 }
+
+// Delete deletes a driver from manager given its ID
+func (m *Manager) Delete(id string) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(m.drivers, id)
+}

pkg/driver/manager_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 package driver
 
 import (
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"testing"
 )
 
-func filterTrue(d Driver) bool {
+func filterTrue(_ Driver) bool {
 	return true
 }
-func filterFalse(d Driver) bool {
+func filterFalse(_ Driver) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
@@ -40,3 +44,71 @@ func TestFilterAnd(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error("FilterAnd(filterTrue, filterTrue, filterTrue)() must be true")
 	}
 }
+
+type fakeVideoAdapter struct{}
+
+func (a *fakeVideoAdapter) Open() error              { return nil }
+func (a *fakeVideoAdapter) Close() error             { return nil }
+func (a *fakeVideoAdapter) Properties() []prop.Media { return nil }
+
+func (a *fakeVideoAdapter) VideoRecord(_ prop.Media) (r video.Reader, err error) { return nil, nil }
+
+type fakeAudioAdapter struct{}
+
+func (a *fakeAudioAdapter) Open() error              { return nil }
+func (a *fakeAudioAdapter) Close() error             { return nil }
+func (a *fakeAudioAdapter) Properties() []prop.Media { return nil }
+
+func (a *fakeAudioAdapter) AudioRecord(_ prop.Media) (r audio.Reader, err error) { return nil, nil }
+
+type fakeAdapter struct{}
+
+func (a *fakeAdapter) Open() error              { return nil }
+func (a *fakeAdapter) Close() error             { return nil }
+func (a *fakeAdapter) Properties() []prop.Media { return nil }
+
+func TestRegister(t *testing.T) {
+	m := GetManager()
+
+	va := &fakeVideoAdapter{}
+	err := m.Register(va, Info{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "cannot register video adapter")
+	assert.Equal(t, len(m.Query(filterTrue)), 1)
+
+	aa := &fakeAudioAdapter{}
+	err = m.Register(aa, Info{})
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "cannot register audio adapter")
+	assert.Equal(t, len(m.Query(filterTrue)), 2)
+
+	a := &fakeAdapter{}
+	assert.Panics(t, func() { m.Register(a, Info{}) }, "should not register adapter that is neither audio nor video")
+	assert.Equal(t, len(m.Query(filterTrue)), 2)
+}
+
+func TestRegisterSync(t *testing.T) {
+	m := GetManager()
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+	race := func() {
+		<-start
+		assert.NoError(t, m.Register(&fakeVideoAdapter{}, Info{}))
+	}
+
+	go race()
+	go race()
+	close(start)
+}
+
+func TestQuerySync(t *testing.T) {
+	m := GetManager()
+	start := make(chan struct{})
+	race := func() {
+		<-start
+		m.Query(filterTrue)
+	}
+
+	go race()
+	go race()
+	close(start)
+	// write while reading
+	assert.NoError(t, m.Register(&fakeVideoAdapter{}, Info{}))
+}

pkg/driver/microphone/microphone.go

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package microphone
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
 
@@ -32,10 +34,16 @@ var (
 
 type microphone struct {
 	malgo.DeviceInfo
-	chunkChan chan []byte
+	chunkChan       chan []byte
+	deviceCloseFunc func()
 }
 
 func init() {
+	Initialize()
+}
+
+// Initialize finds and registers active playback or capture devices. This is part of an experimental API.
+func Initialize() {
 	var err error
 	ctx, err = malgo.InitContext(nil, malgo.ContextConfig{}, func(message string) {
 		logger.Debugf("%v\n", message)
@@ -60,6 +68,7 @@ func init() {
 				Label:      device.ID.String(),
 				DeviceType: driver.Microphone,
 				Priority:   priority,
+				Name:       info.Name(),
 			})
 		}
 	}
@@ -87,9 +96,8 @@ func (m *microphone) Open() error {
 }
 
 func (m *microphone) Close() error {
-	if m.chunkChan != nil {
-		close(m.chunkChan)
-		m.chunkChan = nil
+	if m.deviceCloseFunc != nil {
+		m.deviceCloseFunc()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -111,6 +119,9 @@ func (m *microphone) AudioRecord(inputProp prop.Media) (audio.Reader, error) {
 	config.PerformanceProfile = malgo.LowLatency
 	config.Capture.Channels = uint32(inputProp.ChannelCount)
 	config.SampleRate = uint32(inputProp.SampleRate)
+	config.PeriodSizeInMilliseconds = uint32(inputProp.Latency.Milliseconds())
+	//FIX: Turn on the microphone with the current device id
+	config.Capture.DeviceID = m.ID.Pointer()
 	if inputProp.SampleSize == 4 && inputProp.IsFloat {
 		config.Capture.Format = malgo.FormatF32
 	} else if inputProp.SampleSize == 2 && !inputProp.IsFloat {
@@ -119,26 +130,44 @@ func (m *microphone) AudioRecord(inputProp prop.Media) (audio.Reader, error) {
 		return nil, errUnsupportedFormat
 	}
 
+	cancelCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
 	onRecvChunk := func(_, chunk []byte, framecount uint32) {
-		m.chunkChan <- chunk
+		select {
+		case <-cancelCtx.Done():
+		case m.chunkChan <- chunk:
+		}
 	}
 	callbacks.Data = onRecvChunk
 
 	device, err := malgo.InitDevice(ctx.Context, config, callbacks)
 	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	err = device.Start()
 	if err != nil {
+		cancel()
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	var closeDeviceOnce sync.Once
+	m.deviceCloseFunc = func() {
+		closeDeviceOnce.Do(func() {
+			cancel() // Unblock onRecvChunk
+			device.Uninit()
+
+			if m.chunkChan != nil {
+				close(m.chunkChan)
+				m.chunkChan = nil
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
 	var reader audio.Reader = audio.ReaderFunc(func() (wave.Audio, func(), error) {
 		chunk, ok := <-m.chunkChan
 		if !ok {
-			device.Stop()
-			device.Uninit()
+			m.deviceCloseFunc()
 			return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
 		}
 
@@ -155,9 +184,6 @@ func (m *microphone) AudioRecord(inputProp prop.Media) (audio.Reader, error) {
 		return decodedChunk, func() {}, err
 	})
 
-	// FIXME: The current audio detection and audio encoder can only work with a static latency. Since the latency from the driver
-	//        can fluctuate, we need to stabilize it. Maybe there's a better way for doing this?
-	reader = audio.NewBuffer(int(inputProp.Latency.Seconds() * float64(inputProp.SampleRate)))(reader)
 	return reader, nil
 }
 
@@ -171,36 +197,32 @@ func (m *microphone) Properties() []prop.Media {
 		isBigEndian = true
 	}
 
-	for ch := m.MinChannels; ch <= m.MaxChannels; ch++ {
+	for _, format := range m.Formats {
 		// FIXME: Currently support 48kHz only. We need to implement a resampler first.
 		// for sampleRate := m.MinSampleRate; sampleRate <= m.MaxSampleRate; sampleRate += sampleRateStep {
 		sampleRate := 48000
-		for i := 0; i < int(m.FormatCount); i++ {
-			format := m.Formats[i]
-
-			supportedProp := prop.Media{
-				Audio: prop.Audio{
-					ChannelCount: int(ch),
-					SampleRate:   int(sampleRate),
-					IsBigEndian:  isBigEndian,
-					// miniaudio only supports interleaved at the moment
-					IsInterleaved: true,
-					// FIXME: should change this to a less discrete value
-					Latency: time.Millisecond * 20,
-				},
-			}
-
-			switch malgo.FormatType(format) {
-			case malgo.FormatF32:
-				supportedProp.SampleSize = 4
-				supportedProp.IsFloat = true
-			case malgo.FormatS16:
-				supportedProp.SampleSize = 2
-				supportedProp.IsFloat = false
-			}
-
-			supportedProps = append(supportedProps, supportedProp)
+		supportedProp := prop.Media{
+			Audio: prop.Audio{
+				ChannelCount: int(format.Channels),
+				SampleRate:   int(sampleRate),
+				IsBigEndian:  isBigEndian,
+				// miniaudio only supports interleaved at the moment
+				IsInterleaved: true,
+				// FIXME: should change this to a less discrete value
+				Latency: time.Millisecond * 20,
+			},
 		}
+
+		switch malgo.FormatType(format.Format) {
+		case malgo.FormatF32:
+			supportedProp.SampleSize = 4
+			supportedProp.IsFloat = true
+		case malgo.FormatS16:
+			supportedProp.SampleSize = 2
+			supportedProp.IsFloat = false
+		}
+
+		supportedProps = append(supportedProps, supportedProp)
 		// }
 	}
 	return supportedProps

pkg/driver/screen/screen.go

@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ type screen struct {
 }
 
 func init() {
+	Initialize()
+}
+
+// Initialize finds and registers active displays. This is part of an experimental API.
+func Initialize() {
 	activeDisplays := screenshot.NumActiveDisplays()
 	for i := 0; i < activeDisplays; i++ {
 		priority := driver.PriorityNormal

pkg/driver/screen/x11_linux.go

@@ -22,6 +22,11 @@ func deviceID(num int) string {
 }
 
 func init() {
+	Initialize()
+}
+
+// Initialize finds and registers active displays. This is part of an experimental API.
+func Initialize() {
 	dp, err := openDisplay()
 	if err != nil {
 		// No x11 display available.

pkg/driver/screen/x11capture_linux.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package screen
 
 // #cgo pkg-config: x11 xext
 // #include <stdint.h>
+// #include <string.h>
 // #include <sys/shm.h>
 // #include <X11/Xlib.h>
 // #define XUTIL_DEFINE_FUNCTIONS
@@ -125,6 +126,14 @@ func (c colorFunc) RGBA() (r, g, b, a uint32) {
 
 func (s *shmImage) At(x, y int) color.Color {
 	switch s.pixFmt {
+	case pixFmtRGB24:
+		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 4
+		r := uint32(s.b[addr]) * 0x100
+		g := uint32(s.b[addr+1]) * 0x100
+		b := uint32(s.b[addr+2]) * 0x100
+		return colorFunc(func() (_, _, _, _ uint32) {
+			return r, g, b, 0xFFFF
+		})
 	case pixFmtBGR24:
 		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 4
 		b := uint32(s.b[addr]) * 0x100
@@ -133,6 +142,15 @@ func (s *shmImage) At(x, y int) color.Color {
 		return colorFunc(func() (_, _, _, _ uint32) {
 			return r, g, b, 0xFFFF
 		})
+	case pixFmtRGB16:
+		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 2
+		b1, b2 := s.b[addr], s.b[addr+1]
+		r := uint32(b1>>3) * 0x100
+		g := uint32((b1&0x7)<<3|(b2&0xE0)>>5) * 0x100
+		b := uint32(b2&0x1F) * 0x100
+		return colorFunc(func() (_, _, _, _ uint32) {
+			return r, g, b, 0xFFFF
+		})
 	case pixFmtBGR16:
 		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 2
 		b1, b2 := s.b[addr], s.b[addr+1]
@@ -149,12 +167,25 @@ func (s *shmImage) At(x, y int) color.Color {
 
 func (s *shmImage) RGBAAt(x, y int) color.RGBA {
 	switch s.pixFmt {
+	case pixFmtRGB24:
+		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 4
+		r := s.b[addr]
+		g := s.b[addr+1]
+		b := s.b[addr+2]
+		return color.RGBA{R: r, G: g, B: b, A: 0xFF}
 	case pixFmtBGR24:
 		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 4
 		b := s.b[addr]
 		g := s.b[addr+1]
 		r := s.b[addr+2]
 		return color.RGBA{R: r, G: g, B: b, A: 0xFF}
+	case pixFmtRGB16:
+		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 2
+		b1, b2 := s.b[addr], s.b[addr+1]
+		r := b1 >> 3
+		g := (b1&0x7)<<3 | (b2&0xE0)>>5
+		b := b2 & 0x1F
+		return color.RGBA{R: r, G: g, B: b, A: 0xFF}
 	case pixFmtBGR16:
 		addr := (x + y*int(s.img.width)) * 2
 		b1, b2 := s.b[addr], s.b[addr+1]
@@ -178,11 +209,17 @@ func (s *shmImage) ToRGBA(dst *image.RGBA) *image.RGBA {
 		dst.Pix = dst.Pix[:l]
 	}
 	switch s.pixFmt {
+	case pixFmtRGB24:
+		C.memcpy(unsafe.Pointer(&dst.Pix[0]), unsafe.Pointer(s.img.data), C.size_t(len(dst.Pix)))
+		return dst
 	case pixFmtBGR24:
-		C.copyBGR24(unsafe.Pointer(&dst.Pix[0]), s.img.data, C.ulong(len(dst.Pix)))
+		C.copyBGR24(unsafe.Pointer(&dst.Pix[0]), s.img.data, C.size_t(len(dst.Pix)))
+		return dst
+	case pixFmtRGB16:
+		C.memcpy(unsafe.Pointer(&dst.Pix[0]), unsafe.Pointer(s.img.data), C.size_t(len(dst.Pix)))
 		return dst
 	case pixFmtBGR16:
-		C.copyBGR16(unsafe.Pointer(&dst.Pix[0]), s.img.data, C.ulong(len(dst.Pix)))
+		C.copyBGR16(unsafe.Pointer(&dst.Pix[0]), s.img.data, C.size_t(len(dst.Pix)))
 		return dst
 	default:
 		panic("unsupported pixel format")
@@ -199,8 +236,12 @@ func newShmImage(dp *C.Display, screen int) (*shmImage, error) {
 	s := &shmImage{dp: dp}
 
 	switch {
+	case v.red_mask == 0xFF && v.green_mask == 0xFF00 && v.blue_mask == 0xFF0000:
+		s.pixFmt = pixFmtRGB24
 	case v.red_mask == 0xFF0000 && v.green_mask == 0xFF00 && v.blue_mask == 0xFF:
 		s.pixFmt = pixFmtBGR24
+	case v.red_mask == 0x1F && v.green_mask == 0x7E0 && v.blue_mask == 0xF800:
+		s.pixFmt = pixFmtRGB16
 	case v.red_mask == 0xF800 && v.green_mask == 0x7E0 && v.blue_mask == 0x1F:
 		s.pixFmt = pixFmtBGR16
 	default:
@@ -209,7 +250,7 @@ func newShmImage(dp *C.Display, screen int) (*shmImage, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("unsupported pixel format")
 	}
 
-	s.shm.shmid = C.shmget(C.IPC_PRIVATE, C.ulong(w*h*4+8), C.IPC_CREAT|0600)
+	s.shm.shmid = C.shmget(C.IPC_PRIVATE, C.size_t(w*h*4+8), C.IPC_CREAT|0600)
 	if s.shm.shmid == -1 {
 		return nil, errors.New("failed to get shared memory")
 	}
@@ -279,5 +320,5 @@ func (r *reader) Close() {
 
 // cAlign64 is fot testing
 func cAlign64(ptr uintptr) uintptr {
-	return uintptr(C.align64ForTest(C.ulong(uintptr(ptr))))
+	return uintptr(C.align64ForTest(C.size_t(uintptr(ptr))))
 }

pkg/driver/videotest/dummy.go

@@ -47,10 +47,6 @@ func (d *dummy) Close() error {
 }
 
 func (d *dummy) VideoRecord(p prop.Media) (video.Reader, error) {
-	if p.FrameRate == 0 {
-		p.FrameRate = 30
-	}
-
 	colors := [][3]byte{
 		{235, 128, 128},
 		{210, 16, 146},
@@ -143,6 +139,7 @@ func (d dummy) Properties() []prop.Media {
 				Width:       640,
 				Height:      480,
 				FrameFormat: frame.FormatYUYV,
+				FrameRate:   30,
 			},
 		},
 	}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2013 Mitchell Hashimoto
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# VNC Library for Go
+
+go-vnc is a VNC library for Go, initially supporting VNC clients but
+with the goal of eventually implementing a VNC server.
+
+This library implements [RFC 6143][rfc6143].
+
+## RFCs
+### Implemented
+- **RFC **: [The Remote Framebuffer Protocol][rfc6143]
+
+[rfc6143]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6143
+
+## Usage & Installation
+
+The library is installable via standard `go get`. The package name is `vnc`.
+
+```
+$ go get github.com/mitchellh/go-vnc
+```
+
+Documentation is available on GoDoc: http://godoc.org/github.com/mitchellh/go-vnc

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+// Package vnc implements a VNC client.
+//
+// References:
+//   [PROTOCOL]: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6143
+package vnc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"unicode"
+)
+
+type ClientConn struct {
+	c      net.Conn
+	config *ClientConfig
+
+	// If the pixel format uses a color map, then this is the color
+	// map that is used. This should not be modified directly, since
+	// the data comes from the server.
+	ColorMap [256]Color
+
+	// Encodings supported by the client. This should not be modified
+	// directly. Instead, SetEncodings should be used.
+	Encs []Encoding
+
+	// Width of the frame buffer in pixels, sent from the server.
+	FrameBufferWidth uint16
+
+	// Height of the frame buffer in pixels, sent from the server.
+	FrameBufferHeight uint16
+
+	// Name associated with the desktop, sent from the server.
+	DesktopName string
+
+	// The pixel format associated with the connection. This shouldn't
+	// be modified. If you wish to set a new pixel format, use the
+	// SetPixelFormat method.
+	PixelFormat PixelFormat
+}
+
+// A ClientConfig structure is used to configure a ClientConn. After
+// one has been passed to initialize a connection, it must not be modified.
+type ClientConfig struct {
+	// A slice of ClientAuth methods. Only the first instance that is
+	// suitable by the server will be used to authenticate.
+	Auth []ClientAuth
+
+	// Exclusive determines whether the connection is shared with other
+	// clients. If true, then all other clients connected will be
+	// disconnected when a connection is established to the VNC server.
+	Exclusive bool
+
+	// The channel that all messages received from the server will be
+	// sent on. If the channel blocks, then the goroutine reading data
+	// from the VNC server may block indefinitely. It is up to the user
+	// of the library to ensure that this channel is properly read.
+	// If this is not set, then all messages will be discarded.
+	ServerMessageCh chan<- ServerMessage
+
+	// A slice of supported messages that can be read from the server.
+	// This only needs to contain NEW server messages, and doesn't
+	// need to explicitly contain the RFC-required messages.
+	ServerMessages []ServerMessage
+}
+
+func Client(c net.Conn, cfg *ClientConfig) (*ClientConn, error) {
+	conn := &ClientConn{
+		c:      c,
+		config: cfg,
+	}
+
+	if err := conn.handshake(); err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	go conn.mainLoop()
+
+	return conn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClientConn) Close() error {
+	return c.c.Close()
+}
+
+// CutText tells the server that the client has new text in its cut buffer.
+// The text string MUST only contain Latin-1 characters. This encoding
+// is compatible with Go's native string format, but can only use up to
+// unicode.MaxLatin values.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.5.6
+func (c *ClientConn) CutText(text string) error {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	// This is the fixed size data we'll send
+	fixedData := []interface{}{
+		uint8(6),
+		uint8(0),
+		uint8(0),
+		uint8(0),
+		uint32(len(text)),
+	}
+
+	for _, val := range fixedData {
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, char := range text {
+		if char > unicode.MaxLatin1 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Character '%d' is not valid Latin-1", char)
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, uint8(char)); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	dataLength := 8 + len(text)
+	if _, err := c.c.Write(buf.Bytes()[0:dataLength]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Requests a framebuffer update from the server. There may be an indefinite
+// time between the request and the actual framebuffer update being
+// received.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.5.3
+func (c *ClientConn) FramebufferUpdateRequest(incremental bool, x, y, width, height uint16) error {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	var incrementalByte uint8 = 0
+
+	if incremental {
+		incrementalByte = 1
+	}
+
+	data := []interface{}{
+		uint8(3),
+		incrementalByte,
+		x, y, width, height,
+	}
+
+	for _, val := range data {
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := c.c.Write(buf.Bytes()[0:10]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// KeyEvent indiciates a key press or release and sends it to the server.
+// The key is indicated using the X Window System "keysym" value. Use
+// Google to find a reference of these values. To simulate a key press,
+// you must send a key with both a down event, and a non-down event.
+//
+// See 7.5.4.
+func (c *ClientConn) KeyEvent(keysym uint32, down bool) error {
+	var downFlag uint8 = 0
+	if down {
+		downFlag = 1
+	}
+
+	data := []interface{}{
+		uint8(4),
+		downFlag,
+		uint8(0),
+		uint8(0),
+		keysym,
+	}
+
+	for _, val := range data {
+		if err := binary.Write(c.c, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PointerEvent indicates that pointer movement or a pointer button
+// press or release.
+//
+// The mask is a bitwise mask of various ButtonMask values. When a button
+// is set, it is pressed, when it is unset, it is released.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.5.5
+func (c *ClientConn) PointerEvent(mask ButtonMask, x, y uint16) error {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	data := []interface{}{
+		uint8(5),
+		uint8(mask),
+		x,
+		y,
+	}
+
+	for _, val := range data {
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if _, err := c.c.Write(buf.Bytes()[0:6]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetEncodings sets the encoding types in which the pixel data can
+// be sent from the server. After calling this method, the encs slice
+// given should not be modified.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.5.2
+func (c *ClientConn) SetEncodings(encs []Encoding) error {
+	data := make([]interface{}, 3+len(encs))
+	data[0] = uint8(2)
+	data[1] = uint8(0)
+	data[2] = uint16(len(encs))
+
+	for i, enc := range encs {
+		data[3+i] = int32(enc.Type())
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	for _, val := range data {
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	dataLength := 4 + (4 * len(encs))
+	if _, err := c.c.Write(buf.Bytes()[0:dataLength]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	c.Encs = encs
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetPixelFormat sets the format in which pixel values should be sent
+// in FramebufferUpdate messages from the server.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.5.1
+func (c *ClientConn) SetPixelFormat(format *PixelFormat) error {
+	var keyEvent [20]byte
+	keyEvent[0] = 0
+
+	pfBytes, err := writePixelFormat(format)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Copy the pixel format bytes into the proper slice location
+	copy(keyEvent[4:], pfBytes)
+
+	// Send the data down the connection
+	if _, err := c.c.Write(keyEvent[:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Reset the color map as according to RFC.
+	var newColorMap [256]Color
+	c.ColorMap = newColorMap
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+const pvLen = 12 // ProtocolVersion message length.
+
+func parseProtocolVersion(pv []byte) (uint, uint, error) {
+	var major, minor uint
+
+	if len(pv) < pvLen {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("ProtocolVersion message too short (%v < %v)", len(pv), pvLen)
+	}
+
+	l, err := fmt.Sscanf(string(pv), "RFB %d.%d\n", &major, &minor)
+	if l != 2 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("error parsing ProtocolVersion.")
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+
+	return major, minor, nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClientConn) handshake() error {
+	var protocolVersion [pvLen]byte
+
+	// 7.1.1, read the ProtocolVersion message sent by the server.
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(c.c, protocolVersion[:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	maxMajor, maxMinor, err := parseProtocolVersion(protocolVersion[:])
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if maxMajor < 3 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported major version, less than 3: %d", maxMajor)
+	}
+	if maxMinor < 3 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported minor version, less than 3: %d", maxMinor)
+	}
+
+	// Respond with the version we will support
+	if maxMinor<8 {
+		if _, err = c.c.Write([]byte("RFB 003.003\n")); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var numSecurityTypes uint32
+		if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &numSecurityTypes); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if numSecurityTypes == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no security types: %s", c.readErrorReason())
+		}
+	}else{
+		if _, err = c.c.Write([]byte("RFB 003.008\n")); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		// 7.1.2 Security Handshake from server
+		var numSecurityTypes uint8
+		if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &numSecurityTypes); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if numSecurityTypes == 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no security types: %s", c.readErrorReason())
+		}
+
+		securityTypes := make([]uint8, numSecurityTypes)
+		if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &securityTypes); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		clientSecurityTypes := c.config.Auth
+		if clientSecurityTypes == nil {
+			clientSecurityTypes = []ClientAuth{new(ClientAuthNone)}
+		}
+
+		var auth ClientAuth
+	FindAuth:
+		for _, curAuth := range clientSecurityTypes {
+			for _, securityType := range securityTypes {
+				if curAuth.SecurityType() == securityType {
+					// We use the first matching supported authentication
+					auth = curAuth
+					break FindAuth
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if auth == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no suitable auth schemes found. server supported: %#v", securityTypes)
+		}
+
+		// Respond back with the security type we'll use
+		if err = binary.Write(c.c, binary.BigEndian, auth.SecurityType()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err = auth.Handshake(c.c); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		// 7.1.3 SecurityResult Handshake
+		var securityResult uint32
+		if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &securityResult); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if securityResult == 1 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("security handshake failed: %s", c.readErrorReason())
+		}
+	}
+	// 7.3.1 ClientInit
+	var sharedFlag uint8 = 1
+	if c.config.Exclusive {
+		sharedFlag = 0
+	}
+
+	if err = binary.Write(c.c, binary.BigEndian, sharedFlag); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 7.3.2 ServerInit
+	if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &c.FrameBufferWidth); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &c.FrameBufferHeight); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Read the pixel format
+	if err = readPixelFormat(c.c, &c.PixelFormat); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var nameLength uint32
+	if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &nameLength); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	nameBytes := make([]uint8, nameLength)
+	if err = binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &nameBytes); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	c.DesktopName = string(nameBytes)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mainLoop reads messages sent from the server and routes them to the
+// proper channels for users of the client to read.
+func (c *ClientConn) mainLoop() {
+	defer c.Close()
+
+	// Build the map of available server messages
+	typeMap := make(map[uint8]ServerMessage)
+
+	defaultMessages := []ServerMessage{
+		new(FramebufferUpdateMessage),
+		new(SetColorMapEntriesMessage),
+		new(BellMessage),
+		new(ServerCutTextMessage),
+	}
+
+	for _, msg := range defaultMessages {
+		typeMap[msg.Type()] = msg
+	}
+
+	if c.config.ServerMessages != nil {
+		for _, msg := range c.config.ServerMessages {
+			typeMap[msg.Type()] = msg
+		}
+	}
+
+	for {
+		var messageType uint8
+		if err := binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &messageType); err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		msg, ok := typeMap[messageType]
+		if !ok {
+			// Unsupported message type! Bad!
+			break
+		}
+
+		parsedMsg, err := msg.Read(c, c.c)
+		if err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		if c.config.ServerMessageCh == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		c.config.ServerMessageCh <- parsedMsg
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *ClientConn) readErrorReason() string {
+	var reasonLen uint32
+	if err := binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &reasonLen); err != nil {
+		return "<error>"
+	}
+
+	reason := make([]uint8, reasonLen)
+	if err := binary.Read(c.c, binary.BigEndian, &reason); err != nil {
+		return "<error>"
+	}
+
+	return string(reason)
+}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/client_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+package vnc
+
+import (
+	"net"
+
+	"crypto/des"
+	"encoding/binary"
+)
+
+// A ClientAuth implements a method of authenticating with a remote server.
+type ClientAuth interface {
+	// SecurityType returns the byte identifier sent by the server to
+	// identify this authentication scheme.
+	SecurityType() uint8
+
+	// Handshake is called when the authentication handshake should be
+	// performed, as part of the general RFB handshake. (see 7.2.1)
+	Handshake(net.Conn) error
+}
+
+// ClientAuthNone is the "none" authentication. See 7.2.1
+type ClientAuthNone byte
+
+func (*ClientAuthNone) SecurityType() uint8 {
+	return 1
+}
+
+func (*ClientAuthNone) Handshake(net.Conn) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+// PasswordAuth is VNC authentication, 7.2.2
+type PasswordAuth struct {
+	Password string
+}
+
+func (p *PasswordAuth) SecurityType() uint8 {
+	return 2
+}
+
+func (p *PasswordAuth) Handshake(c net.Conn) error {
+	randomValue := make([]uint8, 16)
+	if err := binary.Read(c, binary.BigEndian, &randomValue); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	crypted, err := p.encrypt(p.Password, randomValue)
+
+	if (err != nil) {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Write(c, binary.BigEndian, &crypted); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *PasswordAuth) reverseBits(b byte) byte {
+	var reverse = [256]int{
+		0, 128, 64, 192, 32, 160, 96, 224,
+		16, 144, 80, 208, 48, 176, 112, 240,
+		8, 136, 72, 200, 40, 168, 104, 232,
+		24, 152, 88, 216, 56, 184, 120, 248,
+		4, 132, 68, 196, 36, 164, 100, 228,
+		20, 148, 84, 212, 52, 180, 116, 244,
+		12, 140, 76, 204, 44, 172, 108, 236,
+		28, 156, 92, 220, 60, 188, 124, 252,
+		2, 130, 66, 194, 34, 162, 98, 226,
+		18, 146, 82, 210, 50, 178, 114, 242,
+		10, 138, 74, 202, 42, 170, 106, 234,
+		26, 154, 90, 218, 58, 186, 122, 250,
+		6, 134, 70, 198, 38, 166, 102, 230,
+		22, 150, 86, 214, 54, 182, 118, 246,
+		14, 142, 78, 206, 46, 174, 110, 238,
+		30, 158, 94, 222, 62, 190, 126, 254,
+		1, 129, 65, 193, 33, 161, 97, 225,
+		17, 145, 81, 209, 49, 177, 113, 241,
+		9, 137, 73, 201, 41, 169, 105, 233,
+		25, 153, 89, 217, 57, 185, 121, 249,
+		5, 133, 69, 197, 37, 165, 101, 229,
+		21, 149, 85, 213, 53, 181, 117, 245,
+		13, 141, 77, 205, 45, 173, 109, 237,
+		29, 157, 93, 221, 61, 189, 125, 253,
+		3, 131, 67, 195, 35, 163, 99, 227,
+		19, 147, 83, 211, 51, 179, 115, 243,
+		11, 139, 75, 203, 43, 171, 107, 235,
+		27, 155, 91, 219, 59, 187, 123, 251,
+		7, 135, 71, 199, 39, 167, 103, 231,
+		23, 151, 87, 215, 55, 183, 119, 247,
+		15, 143, 79, 207, 47, 175, 111, 239,
+		31, 159, 95, 223, 63, 191, 127, 255,
+	}
+
+	return byte(reverse[int(b)])
+}
+
+func (p *PasswordAuth) encrypt(key string, bytes []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	keyBytes := []byte{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
+
+	if len(key) > 8 {
+		key = key[:8]
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < len(key); i++ {
+		keyBytes[i] = p.reverseBits(key[i])
+	}
+
+	block, err := des.NewCipher(keyBytes)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	result1 := make([]byte, 8)
+	block.Encrypt(result1, bytes)
+	result2 := make([]byte, 8)
+	block.Encrypt(result2, bytes[8:])
+
+	crypted := append(result1, result2...)
+
+	return crypted, nil
+}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/color.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package vnc
+
+// Color represents a single color in a color map.
+type Color struct {
+	R, G, B uint16
+}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/encoding.go

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+package vnc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/zlib"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// An Encoding implements a method for encoding pixel data that is
+// sent by the server to the client.
+type Encoding interface {
+	// The number that uniquely identifies this encoding type.
+	Type() int32
+
+	// Read reads the contents of the encoded pixel data from the reader.
+	// This should return a new Encoding implementation that contains
+	// the proper data.
+	Read(*ClientConn, *Rectangle, io.Reader) (Encoding, error)
+}
+type CursorEncoding struct {
+}
+
+func (*CursorEncoding) Type() int32 {
+	return -239
+}
+func (*CursorEncoding) Read(c *ClientConn, rect *Rectangle, r io.Reader) (Encoding, error) {
+	size := int(rect.Height) * int(rect.Width) * int(c.PixelFormat.BPP) / 8
+	pixelBytes := make([]uint8, size)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, pixelBytes); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mask := ((int(rect.Width) + 7) / 8) * int(rect.Height)
+	maskBytes := make([]uint8, mask)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, maskBytes); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &CursorEncoding{}, nil
+}
+
+// RawEncoding is raw pixel data sent by the server.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.7.1
+type RawEncoding struct {
+	Colors   []Color
+	RawPixel []uint32 //RGBA
+}
+
+func (*RawEncoding) Type() int32 {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (*RawEncoding) Read(c *ClientConn, rect *Rectangle, r io.Reader) (Encoding, error) {
+	//fmt.Println("RawEncoding")
+	bytesPerPixel := c.PixelFormat.BPP / 8
+	pixelBytes := make([]uint8, bytesPerPixel)
+
+	var byteOrder binary.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
+	if c.PixelFormat.BigEndian {
+		byteOrder = binary.BigEndian
+	}
+
+	colors := make([]Color, int(rect.Height)*int(rect.Width))
+	rawPixels := make([]uint32, int(rect.Height)*int(rect.Width))
+	for y := uint16(0); y < rect.Height; y++ {
+		for x := uint16(0); x < rect.Width; x++ {
+			if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, pixelBytes); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			var rawPixel uint32
+			if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 8 {
+				rawPixel = uint32(pixelBytes[0])
+			} else if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 16 {
+				rawPixel = uint32(byteOrder.Uint16(pixelBytes))
+			} else if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 32 {
+				rawPixel = byteOrder.Uint32(pixelBytes)
+			}
+			//rawPixels[int(y)*int(rect.Width)+int(x)]=rawPixel
+			color := &colors[int(y)*int(rect.Width)+int(x)]
+			if c.PixelFormat.TrueColor {
+				color.R = uint16((rawPixel >> c.PixelFormat.RedShift) & uint32(c.PixelFormat.RedMax))
+				color.G = uint16((rawPixel >> c.PixelFormat.GreenShift) & uint32(c.PixelFormat.GreenMax))
+				color.B = uint16((rawPixel >> c.PixelFormat.BlueShift) & uint32(c.PixelFormat.BlueMax))
+				if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 16 {
+					color.B = color.B<<3 | color.B>>2
+					color.G = color.G<<2 | color.G>>2
+					color.R = color.R<<3 | color.R>>2
+				}
+			} else {
+				*color = c.ColorMap[rawPixel]
+			}
+			rawPixels[int(y)*int(rect.Width)+int(x)] = uint32(0xff)<<24 | uint32(color.B)<<16 | uint32(color.G)<<8 | uint32(color.R)
+			//fmt.Printf("%x %x",rawPixel,rawPixels[int(y)*int(rect.Width)+int(x)])
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &RawEncoding{colors, rawPixels}, nil
+}
+
+// ZlibEncoding is raw pixel data sent by the server compressed by Zlib.
+//
+// A single Zlib stream is created. There is only a single header for a framebuffer request response.
+type ZlibEncoding struct {
+	Colors   []Color
+	RawPixel []uint32
+	ZStream  *bytes.Buffer
+	ZReader  io.ReadCloser
+}
+
+func (*ZlibEncoding) Type() int32 {
+	return 6
+}
+
+func (ze *ZlibEncoding) Read(c *ClientConn, rect *Rectangle, r io.Reader) (Encoding, error) {
+	//fmt.Println("ZlibEncoding")
+	bytesPerPixel := c.PixelFormat.BPP / 8
+	pixelBytes := make([]uint8, bytesPerPixel)
+
+	var byteOrder binary.ByteOrder = binary.LittleEndian
+	if c.PixelFormat.BigEndian {
+		byteOrder = binary.BigEndian
+	}
+
+	// Format
+	// 4 bytes        | uint32 | length
+	// 'length' bytes | []byte | zlibData
+	// Read zlib length
+	var zipLength uint32
+	err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &zipLength)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Read all compressed data
+	zBytes := make([]byte, zipLength)
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, zBytes); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Create new zlib stream if needed
+	if ze.ZStream == nil {
+		// Create and save the buffer
+		ze.ZStream = new(bytes.Buffer)
+		ze.ZStream.Write(zBytes)
+
+		// Create a reader for the buffer
+		ze.ZReader, err = zlib.NewReader(ze.ZStream)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// This is needed to avoid 'zlib missing header'
+	} else {
+		// Just append if already created
+		ze.ZStream.Write(zBytes)
+	}
+
+	// Calculate zlib decompressed size
+	sizeToRead := int(rect.Height) * int(rect.Width) * int(bytesPerPixel)
+
+	// Create buffer for bytes
+	colorBytes := make([]byte, sizeToRead)
+
+	// Read all data from zlib stream
+	read, err := io.ReadFull(ze.ZReader, colorBytes)
+	if read != sizeToRead || err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Create buffer for raw encoding
+	colorReader := bytes.NewReader(colorBytes)
+
+	colors := make([]Color, int(rect.Height)*int(rect.Width))
+	rawPixels := make([]uint32, int(rect.Height)*int(rect.Width))
+	for y := uint16(0); y < rect.Height; y++ {
+		for x := uint16(0); x < rect.Width; x++ {
+			if _, err := io.ReadFull(colorReader, pixelBytes); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			var rawPixel uint32
+			if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 8 {
+				rawPixel = uint32(pixelBytes[0])
+			} else if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 16 {
+				rawPixel = uint32(byteOrder.Uint16(pixelBytes))
+			} else if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 32 {
+				rawPixel = byteOrder.Uint32(pixelBytes)
+			}
+
+			color := &colors[int(y)*int(rect.Width)+int(x)]
+			if c.PixelFormat.TrueColor {
+				color.R = uint16((rawPixel >> c.PixelFormat.RedShift) & uint32(c.PixelFormat.RedMax))
+				color.G = uint16((rawPixel >> c.PixelFormat.GreenShift) & uint32(c.PixelFormat.GreenMax))
+				color.B = uint16((rawPixel >> c.PixelFormat.BlueShift) & uint32(c.PixelFormat.BlueMax))
+				if c.PixelFormat.BPP == 16 {
+					color.B = color.B<<3 | color.B>>2
+					color.G = color.G<<2 | color.G>>2
+					color.R = color.R<<3 | color.R>>2
+				}
+			} else {
+				*color = c.ColorMap[rawPixel]
+			}
+			rawPixels[int(y)*int(rect.Width)+int(x)] = uint32(0xff)<<24 | uint32(color.B)<<16 | uint32(color.G)<<8 | uint32(color.R)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &ZlibEncoding{Colors: colors, RawPixel: rawPixels}, nil
+}
+
+func (ze *ZlibEncoding) Close() {
+	if ze.ZStream != nil {
+		ze.ZStream = nil
+		ze.ZReader.Close()
+		ze.ZReader = nil
+	}
+}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/pixel_format.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package vnc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// PixelFormat describes the way a pixel is formatted for a VNC connection.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.4 for information on each of the fields.
+type PixelFormat struct {
+	BPP        uint8
+	Depth      uint8
+	BigEndian  bool
+	TrueColor  bool
+	RedMax     uint16
+	GreenMax   uint16
+	BlueMax    uint16
+	RedShift   uint8
+	GreenShift uint8
+	BlueShift  uint8
+}
+
+func readPixelFormat(r io.Reader, result *PixelFormat) error {
+	var rawPixelFormat [16]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, rawPixelFormat[:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var pfBoolByte uint8
+	brPF := bytes.NewReader(rawPixelFormat[:])
+	if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.BPP); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.Depth); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &pfBoolByte); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if pfBoolByte != 0 {
+		// Big endian is true
+		result.BigEndian = true
+	}
+
+	if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &pfBoolByte); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if pfBoolByte != 0 {
+		// True Color is true. So we also have to read all the color max & shifts.
+		result.TrueColor = true
+
+		if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.RedMax); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.GreenMax); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.BlueMax); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.RedShift); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.GreenShift); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Read(brPF, binary.BigEndian, &result.BlueShift); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writePixelFormat(format *PixelFormat) ([]byte, error) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	// Byte 1
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.BPP); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Byte 2
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.Depth); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var boolByte byte
+	if format.BigEndian {
+		boolByte = 1
+	} else {
+		boolByte = 0
+	}
+
+	// Byte 3 (BigEndian)
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, boolByte); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if format.TrueColor {
+		boolByte = 1
+	} else {
+		boolByte = 0
+	}
+
+	// Byte 4 (TrueColor)
+	if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, boolByte); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// If we have true color enabled then we have to fill in the rest of the
+	// structure with the color values.
+	if format.TrueColor {
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.RedMax); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.GreenMax); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.BlueMax); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.RedShift); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.GreenShift); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if err := binary.Write(&buf, binary.BigEndian, format.BlueShift); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return buf.Bytes()[0:16], nil
+}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/pointer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package vnc
+
+// ButtonMask represents a mask of pointer presses/releases.
+type ButtonMask uint8
+
+// All available button mask components.
+const (
+	ButtonLeft ButtonMask = 1 << iota
+	ButtonMiddle
+	ButtonRight
+	Button4
+	Button5
+	Button6
+	Button7
+	Button8
+)

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc/server_messages.go

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package vnc
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// A ServerMessage implements a message sent from the server to the client.
+type ServerMessage interface {
+	// The type of the message that is sent down on the wire.
+	Type() uint8
+
+	// Read reads the contents of the message from the reader. At the point
+	// this is called, the message type has already been read from the reader.
+	// This should return a new ServerMessage that is the appropriate type.
+	Read(*ClientConn, io.Reader) (ServerMessage, error)
+}
+
+// FramebufferUpdateMessage consists of a sequence of rectangles of
+// pixel data that the client should put into its framebuffer.
+type FramebufferUpdateMessage struct {
+	Rectangles []Rectangle
+}
+
+// Rectangle represents a rectangle of pixel data.
+type Rectangle struct {
+	X      uint16
+	Y      uint16
+	Width  uint16
+	Height uint16
+	Enc    Encoding
+}
+
+func (*FramebufferUpdateMessage) Type() uint8 {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (*FramebufferUpdateMessage) Read(c *ClientConn, r io.Reader) (ServerMessage, error) {
+	// Read off the padding
+	var padding [1]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, padding[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var numRects uint16
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &numRects); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Build the map of encodings supported
+	encMap := make(map[int32]Encoding)
+	for _, enc := range c.Encs {
+		encMap[enc.Type()] = enc
+	}
+
+	// We must always support the raw encoding
+	rawEnc := new(RawEncoding)
+	encMap[rawEnc.Type()] = rawEnc
+
+	rects := make([]Rectangle, numRects)
+	for i := uint16(0); i < numRects; i++ {
+		var encodingType int32
+
+		rect := &rects[i]
+		data := []interface{}{
+			&rect.X,
+			&rect.Y,
+			&rect.Width,
+			&rect.Height,
+			&encodingType,
+		}
+
+		for _, val := range data {
+			if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		enc, ok := encMap[encodingType]
+		if !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported encoding type: %d", encodingType)
+		}
+
+		var err error
+		rect.Enc, err = enc.Read(c, rect, r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &FramebufferUpdateMessage{rects}, nil
+}
+
+// SetColorMapEntriesMessage is sent by the server to set values into
+// the color map. This message will automatically update the color map
+// for the associated connection, but contains the color change data
+// if the consumer wants to read it.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.6.2
+type SetColorMapEntriesMessage struct {
+	FirstColor uint16
+	Colors     []Color
+}
+
+func (*SetColorMapEntriesMessage) Type() uint8 {
+	return 1
+}
+
+func (*SetColorMapEntriesMessage) Read(c *ClientConn, r io.Reader) (ServerMessage, error) {
+	// Read off the padding
+	var padding [1]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, padding[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var result SetColorMapEntriesMessage
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &result.FirstColor); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var numColors uint16
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &numColors); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	result.Colors = make([]Color, numColors)
+	for i := uint16(0); i < numColors; i++ {
+
+		color := &result.Colors[i]
+		data := []interface{}{
+			&color.R,
+			&color.G,
+			&color.B,
+		}
+
+		for _, val := range data {
+			if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, val); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Update the connection's color map
+		c.ColorMap[result.FirstColor+i] = *color
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+// Bell signals that an audible bell should be made on the client.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.6.3
+type BellMessage byte
+
+func (*BellMessage) Type() uint8 {
+	return 2
+}
+
+func (*BellMessage) Read(*ClientConn, io.Reader) (ServerMessage, error) {
+	return new(BellMessage), nil
+}
+
+// ServerCutTextMessage indicates the server has new text in the cut buffer.
+//
+// See RFC 6143 Section 7.6.4
+type ServerCutTextMessage struct {
+	Text string
+}
+
+func (*ServerCutTextMessage) Type() uint8 {
+	return 3
+}
+
+func (*ServerCutTextMessage) Read(c *ClientConn, r io.Reader) (ServerMessage, error) {
+	// Read off the padding
+	var padding [3]byte
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, padding[:]); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var textLength uint32
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &textLength); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	textBytes := make([]uint8, textLength)
+	if err := binary.Read(r, binary.BigEndian, &textBytes); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &ServerCutTextMessage{string(textBytes)}, nil
+}

pkg/driver/vncdriver/vncdriver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Package videotest provides vncDevice video driver for testing.
+package vncdriver
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/vncdriver/vnc"
+
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/frame"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
+)
+
+type vncDevice struct {
+	closed   <-chan struct{}
+	cancel   func()
+	tick     *time.Ticker
+	h, w     int
+	rawPixel []byte
+	mutex    sync.Mutex
+	vClient  *vnc.ClientConn
+	vncAddr  string
+}
+
+func NewVnc(vncAddr string) *vncDevice {
+	return &vncDevice{vncAddr: vncAddr}
+}
+func (d *vncDevice) PointerEvent(mask uint8, x, y uint16) {
+	if d.vClient != nil {
+		d.vClient.PointerEvent(vnc.ButtonMask(mask), x, y)
+	}
+}
+func (d *vncDevice) KeyEvent(keysym uint32, down bool) {
+	if d.vClient != nil {
+		d.vClient.KeyEvent(keysym, down)
+	}
+}
+func (d *vncDevice) Open() error {
+	if d.vClient != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	d.closed = ctx.Done()
+	d.cancel = cancel
+	msg := make(chan vnc.ServerMessage, 1)
+	//auth:=new(vnc.PasswordAuth)
+	//auth.Password="####"
+	conf := vnc.ClientConfig{
+		//Auth: []vnc.ClientAuth{auth},
+		ServerMessageCh: msg,
+		Exclusive:       false,
+	}
+	d.mutex.Lock()
+	defer d.mutex.Unlock()
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", d.vncAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	d.vClient, err = vnc.Client(conn, &conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	d.vClient.SetEncodings([]vnc.Encoding{
+		&vnc.ZlibEncoding{},
+		&vnc.RawEncoding{},
+		&vnc.CursorEncoding{},
+	})
+	d.w = int(d.vClient.FrameBufferWidth)
+	d.h = int(d.vClient.FrameBufferHeight)
+
+	d.rawPixel = make([]byte, d.h*d.w*4)
+
+	go func(ctx context.Context) {
+		c, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+		defer cancel()
+		if d.vClient == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		d.vClient.FramebufferUpdateRequest(true, 0, 0, uint16(d.w), uint16(d.h))
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-c.Done():
+				return
+			case msg := <-msg:
+				switch t := msg.(type) {
+				case *vnc.FramebufferUpdateMessage:
+					for _, rect := range t.Rectangles {
+						var pix []uint32
+						switch t := rect.Enc.(type) {
+						case *vnc.CursorEncoding:
+							//ignore remote cursor messages
+							continue
+						case *vnc.RawEncoding:
+							pix = t.RawPixel
+						case *vnc.ZlibEncoding:
+							pix = t.RawPixel
+						}
+						for y := int(rect.Y); y < int(rect.Height+rect.Y); y++ {
+							for x := int(rect.X); x < int(rect.Width+rect.X); x++ {
+								binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(d.rawPixel[(y*d.w+x)*4:], pix[(y-int(rect.Y))*int(rect.Width)+(x-int(rect.X))])
+							}
+						}
+
+					}
+					d.vClient.FramebufferUpdateRequest(true, 0, 0, uint16(d.w), uint16(d.h))
+					break
+				default:
+
+				}
+			case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+				if d.vClient.FramebufferUpdateRequest(true, 0, 0, uint16(d.w), uint16(d.h)) != nil {
+					d.cancel()
+					return
+				}
+
+			}
+		}
+	}(ctx)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *vncDevice) Close() error {
+	d.cancel()
+	if d.tick != nil {
+		d.tick.Stop()
+	}
+	d.mutex.Lock()
+	defer d.mutex.Unlock()
+	if d.vClient != nil {
+		d.vClient.Close()
+		d.vClient = nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *vncDevice) VideoRecord(p prop.Media) (video.Reader, error) {
+	if p.FrameRate == 0 {
+		p.FrameRate = 30
+	}
+
+	tick := time.NewTicker(time.Duration(float32(time.Second) / p.FrameRate))
+	d.tick = tick
+	closed := d.closed
+	r := video.ReaderFunc(func() (image.Image, func(), error) {
+		select {
+		case <-closed:
+			fmt.Println("Stop Record Video By VideoRecord")
+			return nil, func() {}, io.EOF
+		default:
+		}
+
+		<-tick.C
+		return &image.RGBA{
+			Pix:    d.rawPixel,
+			Stride: 4,
+			Rect:   image.Rect(0, 0, d.w, d.h),
+		}, func() {}, nil
+	})
+
+	return r, nil
+}
+
+func (d *vncDevice) Properties() []prop.Media {
+	return []prop.Media{
+		{
+			Video: prop.Video{
+				Width:       d.w,
+				Height:      d.h,
+				FrameFormat: frame.FormatRGBA,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}

pkg/driver/wrapper.go

@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
 package driver
 
 import (
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/driver/availability"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/audio"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/io/video"
 	"github.com/pion/mediadevices/pkg/prop"
-	uuid "github.com/satori/go.uuid"
 )
 
 func wrapAdapter(a Adapter, info Info) Driver {
-	id := uuid.NewV4().String()
+	generator, err := uuid.NewRandom()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	id := generator.String()
 	d := &adapterWrapper{
 		Adapter: a,
 		id:      id,
@@ -16,6 +22,10 @@ func wrapAdapter(a Adapter, info Info) Driver {
 		state:   StateClosed,
 	}
 
+	if aa, ok := a.(AvailabilityAdapter); ok {
+		d.isAvailable = aa.IsAvailable
+	}
+
 	switch v := a.(type) {
 	case VideoRecorder:
 		// Only expose Driver and VideoRecorder interfaces
@@ -23,7 +33,8 @@ func wrapAdapter(a Adapter, info Info) Driver {
 		r := &struct {
 			Driver
 			VideoRecorder
-		}{d, d}
+			AvailabilityAdapter
+		}{d, d, d}
 		return r
 	case AudioRecorder:
 		// Only expose Driver and AudioRecorder interfaces
@@ -31,7 +42,8 @@ func wrapAdapter(a Adapter, info Info) Driver {
 		return &struct {
 			Driver
 			AudioRecorder
-		}{d, d}
+			AvailabilityAdapter
+		}{d, d, d}
 	default:
 		panic("adapter has to be either VideoRecorder/AudioRecorder")
 	}
@@ -41,9 +53,10 @@ type adapterWrapper struct {
 	Adapter
 	VideoRecorder
 	AudioRecorder
-	id    string
-	info  Info
-	state State
+	id          string
+	info        Info
+	state       State
+	isAvailable func() (bool, error)
 }
 
 func (w *adapterWrapper) ID() string {
@@ -99,3 +112,10 @@ func (w *adapterWrapper) AudioRecord(p prop.Media) (r audio.Reader, err error) {
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+func (w *adapterWrapper) IsAvailable() (bool, error) {
+	if w.isAvailable == nil {
+		return false, availability.ErrUnimplemented
+	}
+	return w.isAvailable()
+}

pkg/driver/wrapper_test.go

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ func (a *audioAdapterBrokenMock) AudioRecord(p prop.Media) (r audio.Reader, err
 	return nil, recordErr
 }
 
+type availabilityAdapterMock struct{ videoAdapterMock }
+
+func (a *availabilityAdapterMock) IsAvailable() (bool, error) { return true, nil }
+
 func TestVideoWrapperState(t *testing.T) {
 	var a videoAdapterMock
 	d := wrapAdapter(&a, Info{})
@@ -136,3 +140,38 @@ func TestAudioWrapperWithBrokenRecorderState(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected the status to be %v, but got %v", StateClosed, d.Status())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestWrapperAvailabilityAdapter(t *testing.T) {
+	var aa availabilityAdapterMock
+	d := wrapAdapter(&aa, Info{})
+
+	ok, err := IsAvailable(d)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected nil, but got %v", err)
+	}
+	if !ok {
+		t.Errorf("expected true, but got %v", ok)
+	}
+
+	var v videoAdapterMock
+	d = wrapAdapter(&v, Info{})
+
+	ok, err = IsAvailable(d)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected err, but got %v", err)
+	}
+	if ok {
+		t.Errorf("expected false, but got %v", ok)
+	}
+
+	var a audioAdapterMock
+	d = wrapAdapter(&a, Info{})
+
+	ok, err = IsAvailable(d)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected err, but got %v", err)
+	}
+	if ok {
+		t.Errorf("expected false, but got %v", ok)
+	}
+}

pkg/frame/compressed.go

@@ -2,11 +2,86 @@ package frame
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"image"
 	"image/jpeg"
 )
 
+/*
+Thank you to https://github.com/filiptc/gorbit/blob/fa87ff39b68a6706306f34c318e0b9a5a3c97110/image/overlay.go#L37-L40
+for addMotionDht, dhtMarker, dht, and sosMarker. These are protected under the following license:
+
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Philip Thomas Casado
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
+*/
+
+var (
+	dhtMarker                                       = []byte{255, 196}
+	dht                                             = []byte{1, 162, 0, 0, 1, 5, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1, 0, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, 0, 2, 1, 3, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 0, 0, 1, 125, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4, 17, 5, 18, 33, 49, 65, 6, 19, 81, 97, 7, 34, 113, 20, 50, 129, 145, 161, 8, 35, 66, 177, 193, 21, 82, 209, 240, 36, 51, 98, 114, 130, 9, 10, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 17, 0, 2, 1, 2, 4, 4, 3, 4, 7, 5, 4, 4, 0, 1, 2, 119, 0, 1, 2, 3, 17, 4, 5, 33, 49, 6, 18, 65, 81, 7, 97, 113, 19, 34, 50, 129, 8, 20, 66, 145, 161, 177, 193, 9, 35, 51, 82, 240, 21, 98, 114, 209, 10, 22, 36, 52, 225, 37, 241, 23, 24, 25, 26, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250}
+	sosMarker                                       = []byte{255, 218}
+	huffmanTableInfoLength                          = len(dhtMarker) + len(dht) + len(sosMarker)
+	uninitializedHuffmanTableError jpeg.FormatError = jpeg.FormatError("uninitialized Huffman table")
+)
+
 func decodeMJPEG(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 	img, err := jpeg.Decode(bytes.NewReader(frame))
+	if err == nil {
+		return img, func() {}, err
+	}
+
+	if errors.As(err, &uninitializedHuffmanTableError) {
+		if err.Error() == uninitializedHuffmanTableError.Error() {
+			img, err = jpeg.Decode(bytes.NewReader(addMotionDht(frame)))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
 	return img, func() {}, err
 }
+
+func addMotionDht(frame []byte) []byte {
+	jpegParts := bytes.Split(frame, sosMarker)
+	if len(jpegParts) != 2 {
+		return frame
+	}
+	correctedFrame := make([]byte, len(jpegParts[0])+huffmanTableInfoLength+len(jpegParts[1]))
+	correctedFrameOffset := 0
+
+	copy(correctedFrame[correctedFrameOffset:], jpegParts[0])
+	correctedFrameOffset += len(jpegParts[0])
+
+	copy(correctedFrame[correctedFrameOffset:], dhtMarker)
+	correctedFrameOffset += len(dhtMarker)
+
+	copy(correctedFrame[correctedFrameOffset:], dht)
+	correctedFrameOffset += len(dht)
+
+	copy(correctedFrame[correctedFrameOffset:], sosMarker)
+	correctedFrameOffset += len(sosMarker)
+
+	copy(correctedFrame[correctedFrameOffset:], jpegParts[1])
+	return correctedFrame
+}

pkg/frame/compressed_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package frame
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"image/jpeg"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestAddMotionDht(t *testing.T) {
+	uninitializedHuffmanTableFrame, err := jpeg.Decode(bytes.NewReader(UninitializedHuffmanTable))
+
+	// Decode fails with an uninitialized Huffman table error for sample input
+	expectedErrorMessage := "invalid JPEG format: uninitialized Huffman table"
+	if err.Error() != expectedErrorMessage {
+		t.Fatalf("Wrong decode error result,\nexpected:\n%+v\ngot:\n%+v", expectedErrorMessage, err)
+	}
+
+	// Decode passes after adding default Huffman table to
+	defaultHuffmanTableFrame, err := jpeg.Decode(bytes.NewReader(addMotionDht(UninitializedHuffmanTable)))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected decode function to pass after adding default Huffman table. Failed with %v\n", err)
+	}
+
+	// Adding default Huffman table to a valid frame without a Huffman table changes the table
+	if uninitializedHuffmanTableFrame == defaultHuffmanTableFrame {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected addMotionDht to update frame. Instead returned original frame")
+	}
+
+	// Check that an improperly constructed frame does not get updated by addMotionDht
+	randomBytes := []byte{1, 2, 3, 4}
+	frame1, err := jpeg.Decode(bytes.NewReader(randomBytes))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected decode function to fail with random bytes but passed.")
+	}
+
+	frame2, err := jpeg.Decode(bytes.NewReader(addMotionDht(randomBytes)))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected decode function to fail with random bytes but passed.")
+	}
+
+	if frame1 != frame2 {
+		t.Fatalf("addMotionDht updated the frame despite being improperly constructed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeMJPEG(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := decodeMJPEG(UninitializedHuffmanTable, 640, 480)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected decode function to pass. Failed with %v\n", err)
+	}
+}

pkg/frame/const.go

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-package frame
-
-type Format string
-
-const (
-	// FormatI420 https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-i420/
-	FormatI420 Format = "I420"
-	// FormatI444 is a YUV format without sub-sampling
-	FormatI444 Format = "I444"
-	// FormatNV21 https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-nv21/
-	FormatNV21 = "NV21"
-	// FormatYUY2 https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-yuy2/
-	FormatYUY2 = "YUY2"
-	// FormatUYVY https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/yuv-uyvy/
-	FormatUYVY = "UYVY"
-
-	// FormatRGBA https://www.fourcc.org/pixel-format/rgb-rgba/
-	FormatRGBA Format = "RGBA"
-
-	// FormatMJPEG https://www.fourcc.org/mjpg/
-	FormatMJPEG = "MJPEG"
-)
-
-const FormatYUYV = FormatYUY2

pkg/frame/decode.go

@@ -4,21 +4,50 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 )
 
-func NewDecoder(f Format) (Decoder, error) {
-	var decoder decoderFunc
+type Format string
 
-	switch f {
-	case FormatI420:
-		decoder = decodeI420
-	case FormatNV21:
-		decoder = decodeNV21
-	case FormatYUY2:
-		decoder = decodeYUY2
-	case FormatUYVY:
-		decoder = decodeUYVY
-	case FormatMJPEG:
-		decoder = decodeMJPEG
-	default:
+const (
+	// FormatI420 https://wiki.videolan.org/YUV#I420
+	FormatI420 Format = "I420"
+	// FormatI444 is a YUV format without sub-sampling
+	FormatI444 Format = "I444"
+	// FormatNV21 https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv12.html
+	FormatNV21 = "NV21"
+	// FormatNV12 https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-nv12.html
+	FormatNV12 = "NV12"
+	// FormatYUY2 https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-yuyv.html
+	// YUY2 is what Windows calls YUYV
+	FormatYUY2 = "YUY2"
+	// FormatYUYV https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-yuyv.html
+	FormatYUYV = "YUYV"
+	// FormatUYVY https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-uyvy.html
+	FormatUYVY = "UYVY"
+
+	// FormatRGBA https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-rgb.html
+	FormatRGBA Format = "RGBA"
+
+	// FormatMJPEG https://wiki.videolan.org/MJPEG
+	FormatMJPEG = "MJPEG"
+
+	// FormatZ16 https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-z16.html
+	FormatZ16 = "Z16"
+)
+
+var decoderMap = map[Format]decoderFunc{
+	FormatI420:  decodeI420,
+	FormatNV21:  decodeNV21,
+	FormatNV12:  decodeNV12,
+	FormatYUY2:  decodeYUY2,
+	FormatYUYV:  decodeYUY2,
+	FormatUYVY:  decodeUYVY,
+	FormatMJPEG: decodeMJPEG,
+	FormatZ16:   decodeZ16,
+}
+
+func NewDecoder(f Format) (Decoder, error) {
+	decoder, ok := decoderMap[f]
+
+	if !ok {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not supported", f)
 	}
 

pkg/frame/yuv.go

@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ func decodeNV21(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 
 	var cb, cr []byte
 	for i := yi; i < ci; i += 2 {
-		cb = append(cb, frame[i])
-		cr = append(cr, frame[i+1])
+		cr = append(cr, frame[i])
+		cb = append(cb, frame[i+1])
 	}
 
 	return &image.YCbCr{
@@ -49,3 +49,15 @@ func decodeNV21(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 		Rect:           image.Rect(0, 0, width, height),
 	}, func() {}, nil
 }
+
+func decodeNV12(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
+	img, release, err := decodeNV21(frame, width, height)
+	if err != nil {
+		return img, release, err
+	}
+
+	// The only difference between NV21 and NV12 is the chroma order, so simply swap them
+	yuv := img.(*image.YCbCr)
+	yuv.Cb, yuv.Cr = yuv.Cr, yuv.Cb
+	return yuv, release, err
+}

pkg/frame/yuv_cgo.go

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ func decodeYUY2(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 	ci := yi / 2
 	fi := yi + 2*ci
 
-	if len(frame) != fi {
+	if len(frame) < fi {
 		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("frame length (%d) less than expected (%d)", len(frame), fi)
 	}
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func decodeUYVY(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 	ci := yi / 2
 	fi := yi + 2*ci
 
-	if len(frame) != fi {
+	if len(frame) < fi {
 		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("frame length (%d) less than expected (%d)", len(frame), fi)
 	}
 

pkg/frame/yuv_nocgo.go

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func decodeYUY2(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 	ci := yi / 2
 	fi := yi + 2*ci
 
-	if len(frame) != fi {
+	if len(frame) < fi {
 		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("frame length (%d) less than expected (%d)", len(frame), fi)
 	}
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func decodeUYVY(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
 	ci := yi / 2
 	fi := yi + 2*ci
 
-	if len(frame) != fi {
+	if len(frame) < fi {
 		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("frame length (%d) less than expected (%d)", len(frame), fi)
 	}
 

pkg/frame/yuv_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,11 @@ func TestDecodeYUY2(t *testing.T) {
 		Rect:           image.Rect(0, 0, width, height),
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := decodeYUY2(input, width, height)
+	decoder, err := NewDecoder(FormatYUY2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, _, err := decoder.Decode(input, width, height)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -56,7 +60,77 @@ func TestDecodeUYVY(t *testing.T) {
 		Rect:           image.Rect(0, 0, width, height),
 	}
 
-	img, _, err := decodeUYVY(input, width, height)
+	decoder, err := NewDecoder(FormatUYVY)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, _, err := decoder.Decode(input, width, height)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, img) {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong decode result,\nexpected:\n%+v\ngot:\n%+v", expected, img)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeNV21(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		width  = 2
+		height = 2
+	)
+	input := []byte{
+		0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x07, // Y
+		// Cr  Cb
+		0x82, 0x84,
+	}
+	expected := &image.YCbCr{
+		Y:              []byte{0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x07},
+		YStride:        width,
+		Cb:             []byte{0x84},
+		Cr:             []byte{0x82},
+		CStride:        width / 2,
+		SubsampleRatio: image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+		Rect:           image.Rect(0, 0, width, height),
+	}
+
+	decoder, err := NewDecoder(FormatNV21)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, _, err := decoder.Decode(input, width, height)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, img) {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong decode result,\nexpected:\n%+v\ngot:\n%+v", expected, img)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeNV12(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		width  = 2
+		height = 2
+	)
+	input := []byte{
+		0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x07, // Y
+		// Cb  Cr
+		0x84, 0x82,
+	}
+	expected := &image.YCbCr{
+		Y:              []byte{0x01, 0x03, 0x05, 0x07},
+		YStride:        width,
+		Cb:             []byte{0x84},
+		Cr:             []byte{0x82},
+		CStride:        width / 2,
+		SubsampleRatio: image.YCbCrSubsampleRatio420,
+		Rect:           image.Rect(0, 0, width, height),
+	}
+
+	decoder, err := NewDecoder(FormatNV12)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, _, err := decoder.Decode(input, width, height)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}

pkg/frame/z16.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package frame
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+)
+
+func decodeZ16(frame []byte, width, height int) (image.Image, func(), error) {
+	expectedSize := 2 * (width * height)
+	if expectedSize  != len(frame) {
+		return nil, func() {}, fmt.Errorf("frame length (%d) not expected size (%d)", len(frame), expectedSize)
+	}
+	img := image.NewGray16(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height))
+	/*
+		v4l specifies images in terms of series of lines which is perplexing because the
+		example in https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.9/userspace-api/media/v4l/pixfmt-z16.html
+		seems to swap the subscript of each depth value.
+
+		Clear example:
+		Width: 3, Height: 4
+		[Z_low(x_0,y_0), Z_high(x_0,y_0), Z_low(x_1,y_0), Z_high(x_1,y_0), Z_low(x_2,y_0), Z_high(x_2,y_0),
+		 Z_low(x_0,y_1), Z_high(x_0,y_1), Z_low(x_1,y_1), Z_high(x_1,y_1), Z_low(x_2,y_1), Z_high(x_2,y_1),
+		 Z_low(x_0,y_2), Z_high(x_0,y_2), Z_low(x_1,y_2), Z_high(x_1,y_2), Z_low(x_2,y_2), Z_high(x_2,y_2),
+		 Z_low(x_0,y_3), Z_high(x_0,y_3), Z_low(x_1,y_3), Z_high(x_1,y_3), Z_low(x_2,y_3), Z_high(x_2,y_3)]
+	*/
+	for x := 0; x < width; x++ {
+		for y := 0; y < height; y++ {
+			idx := 2 * (x + (y * width))
+			z := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(frame[idx : idx+2])
+			img.SetGray16(x, y, color.Gray16{Y: z})
+		}
+	}
+	return img, func() {}, nil
+}

pkg/frame/z16_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package frame
+
+import (
+	"image"
+	"image/color"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDecodeZ16(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		width  = 2
+		height = 3
+	)
+	decoder, err := NewDecoder(FormatZ16)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	img, _, err := decoder.Decode([]byte{0x00}, width, height)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected to get a frame length mismatch")
+	}
+
+	input := []byte{
+		0x0c, 0x00, 0x20, 0x03,
+		0xa3, 0x01, 0x10, 0x00,
+		0x56, 0x09, 0x5d, 0x00,
+	}
+	expected := image.NewGray16(image.Rect(0, 0, width, height))
+	expected.Stride = width * 2
+	expected.SetGray16(0, 0, color.Gray16{Y: 12})
+	expected.SetGray16(1, 0, color.Gray16{Y: 800})
+	expected.SetGray16(0, 1, color.Gray16{Y: 419})
+	expected.SetGray16(1, 1, color.Gray16{Y: 16})
+	expected.SetGray16(0, 2, color.Gray16{Y: 2390})
+	expected.SetGray16(1, 2, color.Gray16{Y: 93})
+
+	img, _, err = decoder.Decode(input, width, height)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(expected, img) {
+		t.Errorf("Wrong decode result,\nexpected:\n%+v\ngot:\n%+v", expected, img)
+	}
+}

pkg/io/broadcast.go

@@ -141,7 +141,9 @@ func (broadcaster *Broadcaster) NewReader(copyFn func(interface{}) interface{})
 			data, err, currentCount = ringData.data, ringData.err, ringData.count
 		}
 
-		data = copyFn(data)
+		if data != nil { // data is nil if an error occurred during reading
+			data = copyFn(data)
+		}
 		return
 	})
 }