Setup: Update Ollama service examples in compose.alldbms.yaml file

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into PostgreSQL
Tests: remove ToDo that is done
2025-09-27 13:13:32 +08:00 · 2025-09-02 11:15:57 +10:00 · 2025-09-02 10:24:26 +10:00 · 2025-09-02 10:20:03 +10:00 · 2025-08-29 13:24:58 +10:00 · 2025-08-29 12:02:40 +10:00
438 changed files with 38404 additions and 4400 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -80,3 +80,4 @@ Thumbs.db
 .settings
 .swp
 AGENTS.md
+.vscode
--- a/152
+++ b/152
@@ -80,14 +80,32 @@ test-entity: reset-sqlite run-test-entity
 test-commands: reset-sqlite run-test-commands
 test-photoprism: reset-sqlite run-test-photoprism
 test-short: reset-sqlite run-test-short
-test-mariadb: reset-acceptance run-test-mariadb
-acceptance-run-chromium: storage/acceptance acceptance-auth-sqlite-restart wait acceptance-auth acceptance-auth-sqlite-stop acceptance-sqlite-restart wait-2 acceptance acceptance-sqlite-stop
-acceptance-run-chromium-short: storage/acceptance acceptance-auth-sqlite-restart wait acceptance-auth-short acceptance-auth-sqlite-stop acceptance-sqlite-restart wait-2 acceptance-short acceptance-sqlite-stop
-acceptance-auth-run-chromium: storage/acceptance acceptance-auth-sqlite-restart wait acceptance-auth acceptance-auth-sqlite-stop
-acceptance-public-run-chromium: storage/acceptance acceptance-sqlite-restart wait acceptance acceptance-sqlite-stop
-wait:
-	sleep 20
-wait-2:
+test-mariadb: reset-mariadb-testdb run-test-mariadb
+test-postgres: reset-postgres-testdb run-test-postgres
+test-sqlite: reset-sqlite-unit run-test-sqlite
+# SQLite acceptance tests - These setup, configure and then call the actual tests.
+acceptance-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/sqlite acceptance-exec-chromium
+acceptance-run-chromium-short: storage/acceptance storage/sqlite acceptance-exec-chromium-short
+acceptance-auth-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/sqlite acceptance-auth-exec-chromium
+acceptance-public-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/sqlite acceptance-public-exec-chromium
+# MariaDB acceptance tests - These setup, configure and then call the actual tests.
+acceptance-mariadb-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/mariadb acceptance-exec-chromium
+acceptance-mariadb-run-chromium-short: storage/acceptance storage/mariadb acceptance-exec-chromium-short
+acceptance-mariadb-auth-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/mariadb acceptance-auth-exec-chromium
+acceptance-mariadb-public-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/mariadb acceptance-public-exec-chromium
+# PostgreSQL acceptance tests - These setup, configure and then call the actual tests.
+acceptance-postgres-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/postgres acceptance-exec-chromium
+acceptance-postgres-run-chromium-short: storage/acceptance storage/postgres acceptance-exec-chromium-short
+acceptance-postgres-auth-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/postgres acceptance-auth-exec-chromium
+acceptance-postgres-public-run-chromium: storage/acceptance storage/postgres acceptance-public-exec-chromium
+
+# The actual tests that are called for acceptance tests.  Don't call these directly, use the ones with run in the name.
+acceptance-exec-chromium: acceptance-file-reset acceptance-database-reset-1 acceptance-auth-start wait-1 acceptance-auth acceptance-auth-stop acceptance-database-reset-2 acceptance-public-start wait-2 acceptance acceptance-public-stop
+acceptance-exec-chromium-short: acceptance-file-reset acceptance-database-reset-1 acceptance-auth-start wait-1 acceptance-auth-short acceptance-auth-stop acceptance-database-reset-2 acceptance-public-start wait-2 acceptance-short acceptance-public-stop
+acceptance-auth-exec-chromium: acceptance-file-reset acceptance-database-reset-1 acceptance-auth-start wait-1 acceptance-auth acceptance-auth-stop
+acceptance-public-exec-chromium: acceptance-file-reset acceptance-database-reset-1 acceptance-public-start wait-1 acceptance acceptance-public-stop
+
+wait-%:
 	sleep 20
 show-rev:
 	@git rev-parse HEAD
@@ -189,9 +207,7 @@ install-tensorflow:
 	sudo scripts/dist/install-tensorflow.sh
 install-darktable:
 	sudo scripts/dist/install-darktable.sh
-acceptance-sqlite-restart:
-	cp -f storage/acceptance/backup.db storage/acceptance/index.db
-	cp -f storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/settingsBackup.yml storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/settings.yml
+acceptance-file-reset:
 	rm -rf storage/acceptance/sidecar/2020
 	rm -rf storage/acceptance/sidecar/2011
 	rm -rf storage/acceptance/originals/2010
@@ -199,15 +215,34 @@ acceptance-sqlite-restart:
 	rm -rf storage/acceptance/originals/2011
 	rm -rf storage/acceptance/originals/2013
 	rm -rf storage/acceptance/originals/2017
-	./photoprism --auth-mode="public" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-sqlite" start -d
-acceptance-sqlite-stop:
-	./photoprism --auth-mode="public" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-sqlite" stop
-acceptance-auth-sqlite-restart:
-	cp -f storage/acceptance/backup.db storage/acceptance/index.db
-	cp -f storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/settingsBackup.yml storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/settings.yml
-	./photoprism --auth-mode="password" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-sqlite" start -d
-acceptance-auth-sqlite-stop:
-	./photoprism --auth-mode="password" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-sqlite" stop
+acceptance-database-reset-%:
+	@if [ -f storage/acceptance/config-active/dbms.sqlite ]; then \
+		echo "resetting sqlite"; \
+		cp -f storage/acceptance/backup.db storage/acceptance/index.db; \
+		cp -f storage/acceptance/config-active/settingsBackup.yml storage/acceptance/config-active/settings.yml; \
+	fi
+	@if [ -f storage/acceptance/config-active/dbms.mariadb ]; then \
+		echo "resetting mariadb"; \
+		cp -f storage/acceptance/backup.db storage/acceptance/index.db; \
+		mysql < scripts/sql/reset-acceptance.sql; \
+		./photoprism --database-driver sqlite --database-dsn "storage/acceptance/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on" --transfer-driver mysql --transfer-dsn "$(subst testdb,acceptance,$(PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB))" migrations transfer -force; \
+		cp -f storage/acceptance/config-active/settingsBackup.yml storage/acceptance/config-active/settings.yml; \
+	fi
+	@if [ -f storage/acceptance/config-active/dbms.postgresql ]; then \
+		echo "resetting postgresql"; \
+		cp -f storage/acceptance/backup.db storage/acceptance/index.db; \
+		psql postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres  -f scripts/sql/postgresql/reset-acceptance.sql; \
+		./photoprism --database-driver sqlite --database-dsn "storage/acceptance/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on" --transfer-driver postgres --transfer-dsn "$(subst testdb,acceptance,$(PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES))" migrations transfer -force; \
+		cp -f storage/acceptance/config-active/settingsBackup.yml storage/acceptance/config-active/settings.yml; \
+	fi
+acceptance-public-start:
+	./photoprism --auth-mode="public" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-active" start -d
+acceptance-public-stop:
+	./photoprism --auth-mode="public" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-active" stop
+acceptance-auth-start:
+	./photoprism --auth-mode="password" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-active" start -d
+acceptance-auth-stop:
+	./photoprism --auth-mode="password" -c "./storage/acceptance/config-active" stop
 start:
 	./photoprism start -d
 stop:
@@ -216,6 +251,8 @@ terminal:
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) exec -u $(UID) photoprism bash
 mariadb:
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) exec mariadb mariadb -uroot -pphotoprism photoprism
+postgres:
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) exec postgres psql -uphotoprism -pphotoprism photoprism
 root: root-terminal
 root-terminal:
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) exec -u root photoprism bash
@@ -259,6 +296,20 @@ dep-tensorflow:
 dep-acceptance: storage/acceptance
 storage/acceptance:
 	[ -f "./storage/acceptance/index.db" ] || (cd storage && rm -rf acceptance && wget -c https://dl.photoprism.app/qa/acceptance.tar.gz -O - | tar -xz)
+storage/sqlite:
+	rm -rf storage/acceptance/config-active
+	cp storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/ storage/acceptance/config-active -r
+	echo sqlite > storage/acceptance/config-active/dbms.sqlite
+storage/mariadb:
+	rm -rf storage/acceptance/config-active
+	cp storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/ storage/acceptance/config-active -r
+	sed "s/DatabaseDriver: sqlite/DatabaseDriver: mysql/;s/DatabaseDsn[: a-z./]\+/DatabaseDsn: $(subst &,\&,$(subst /,\/,$(PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB)))/" storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/options.yml | sed "s/testdb/acceptance/g" > storage/acceptance/config-active/options.yml
+	echo mariadb > storage/acceptance/config-active/dbms.mariadb
+storage/postgres:
+	rm -rf storage/acceptance/config-active
+	cp storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/ storage/acceptance/config-active -r
+	sed "s/DatabaseDriver: sqlite/DatabaseDriver: postgres/;s/DatabaseDsn[: a-z./]\+/DatabaseDsn: $(subst &,\&,$(subst /,\/,$(PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES)))/" storage/acceptance/config-sqlite/options.yml | sed "s/testdb/acceptance/g" > storage/acceptance/config-active/options.yml
+	echo postgresql > storage/acceptance/config-active/dbms.postgresql
 zip-facenet:
 	(cd assets && zip -r facenet.zip facenet -x "*/.*" -x "*/version.txt")
 zip-nasnet:
@@ -337,7 +388,7 @@ test-js:
 	(cd frontend && env TZ=UTC BUILD_ENV=development NODE_ENV=development BABEL_ENV=test npm run test)
 acceptance:
 	$(info Running public-mode tests in Chrome...)
-	(cd frontend &&	npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Multi-Window)\:*" --test-meta mode=public --config-file ./testcaferc.json --experimental-multiple-windows "tests/acceptance" && npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=public --config-file ./testcaferc.json "tests/acceptance")
+	(cd frontend &&	find ./tests/acceptance -type f -name "*.js" | xargs -i perl -0777 -ne 'while(/(?:mode: \"auth[^,]*\,)|(Multi-Window\:[A-Za-z 0-9\-_]*)/g){print "$$1\n" if ($$1);}' {} | xargs -I testname bash -c 'npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --experimental-multiple-windows --test-meta mode=public --config-file ./testcaferc.json --test "testname" "tests/acceptance"'  && npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=public --config-file ./testcaferc.json "tests/acceptance")
 acceptance-short:
 	$(info Running JS acceptance tests in Chrome...)
 	(cd frontend &&	npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Multi-Window)\:*" --test-meta mode=public --config-file ./testcaferc.json --experimental-multiple-windows "tests/acceptance" && npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=public,type=short --config-file ./testcaferc.json "tests/acceptance")
@@ -346,7 +397,7 @@ acceptance-firefox:
 	(cd frontend && npm run testcafe -- firefox:headless --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=public --config-file ./testcaferc.json --disable-native-automation "tests/acceptance")
 acceptance-auth:
 	$(info Running JS acceptance-auth tests in Chrome...)
-	(cd frontend &&	npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Multi-Window)\:*" --test-meta mode=auth --config-file ./testcaferc.json --experimental-multiple-windows "tests/acceptance" && npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=auth --config-file ./testcaferc.json "tests/acceptance")
+	(cd frontend &&	find ./tests/acceptance -type f -name "*.js" | xargs -i perl -0777 -ne 'while(/(?:mode: \"public[^,]*\,)|(Multi-Window\:[A-Za-z 0-9\-_]*)/g){print "$$1\n" if ($$1);}' {} | xargs -I testname bash -c 'npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --experimental-multiple-windows --test-meta mode=auth --config-file ./testcaferc.json --test "testname" "tests/acceptance"'  && npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=auth --config-file ./testcaferc.json "tests/acceptance")
 acceptance-auth-short:
 	$(info Running JS acceptance-auth tests in Chrome...)
 	(cd frontend &&	npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Multi-Window)\:*" --test-meta mode=auth --config-file ./testcaferc.json --experimental-multiple-windows "tests/acceptance" && npm run testcafe -- "chrome --headless=new" --test-grep "^(Common|Core)\:*" --test-meta mode=auth,type=short --config-file ./testcaferc.json "tests/acceptance")
@@ -380,9 +431,26 @@ reset-mariadb-local:
 reset-mariadb-acceptance:
 	$(info Resetting acceptance database...)
 	mysql < scripts/sql/reset-acceptance.sql
+reset-sqlite-unit:
+	$(info Resetting SQLite unit database...)
+	rm --force ./storage/testdata/unit.test.db
+	cp ./internal/entity/migrate/testdata/migrate_sqlite3 ./storage/testdata/unit.test.db
 reset-mariadb-all: reset-mariadb-testdb reset-mariadb-local reset-mariadb-acceptance reset-mariadb-photoprism
-reset-testdb: reset-sqlite reset-mariadb-testdb
-reset-acceptance: reset-mariadb-acceptance
+reset-postgres:
+	$(info Resetting photoprism database...)
+	psql postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres -f scripts/sql/postgresql/reset-photoprism.sql
+reset-postgres-testdb:
+	$(info Resetting testdb database...)
+	psql postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres  -f scripts/sql/postgresql/reset-testdb.sql
+reset-postgres-local:
+	$(info Resetting local database...)
+	psql postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres  -f scripts/sql/postgresql/reset-local.sql
+reset-postgres-acceptance:
+	$(info Resetting acceptance database...)
+	psql postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres  -f scripts/sql/postgresql/reset-acceptance.sql
+reset-postgres-all: reset-postgres-testdb reset-postgres-local reset-postgres-acceptance reset-postgres-photoprism
+reset-testdb: reset-sqlite reset-mariadb-testdb reset-postgres-testdb
+# reset-acceptance: reset-mariadb-acceptance
 reset-sqlite:
 	$(info Removing test database files...)
 	find ./internal -type f -name ".test.*" -delete
@@ -394,7 +462,13 @@ run-test-go:
 	$(GOTEST) -parallel 1 -count 1 -cpu 1 -tags="slow,develop" -timeout 20m ./pkg/... ./internal/...
 run-test-mariadb:
 	$(info Running all Go tests on MariaDB...)
-	PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER="mysql" PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN="root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/acceptance?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true" $(GOTEST) -parallel 1 -count 1 -cpu 1 -tags="slow,develop" -timeout 20m ./pkg/... ./internal/...
+	PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="mariadb"  $(GOTEST) -parallel 1 -count 1 -cpu 1 -tags="slow,develop" -timeout 20m ./pkg/... ./internal/...
+run-test-postgres:
+	$(info Running all Go tests on PostgreSQL...)
+	PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="postgres" $(GOTEST) -parallel 1 -count 1 -cpu 1 -tags="slow,develop" -timeout 20m ./pkg/... ./internal/...
+run-test-sqlite:
+	$(info Running all Go tests on SQLite...)
+	PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="sqlitefile" $(GOTEST) -parallel 1 -count 1 -cpu 1 -tags "slow,develop" -timeout 20m ./pkg/... ./internal/...
 run-test-pkg:
 	$(info Running all Go tests in "/pkg"...)
 	$(GOTEST) -parallel 2 -count 1 -cpu 2 -tags="slow,develop" -timeout 20m ./pkg/...
@@ -430,6 +504,24 @@ test-coverage:
 	go test -parallel 1 -count 1 -cpu 1 -failfast -tags="slow,develop" -timeout 30m -coverprofile coverage.txt -covermode atomic ./pkg/... ./internal/...
 	go tool cover -html=coverage.txt -o coverage.html
 	go tool cover -func coverage.txt  | grep total:
+test-sqlite-benchmark10x:
+	$(info Running all Go tests with benchmarks...)
+	dirname $$(grep --files-with-matches --include "*_test.go" -oP "(?<=func )Benchmark[A-Za-z_]+(?=\(b \*testing\.B)" --recursive ./*) | sort -u | xargs -n1 bash -c 'cd "$$0" && pwd && go test -skip Test -parallel 4 -count 10 -cpu 4 -failfast -tags slow -timeout 30m -benchtime 1s -bench=.'
+test-sqlite-benchmark10s:
+	$(info Running all Go tests with benchmarks...)
+	dirname $$(grep --files-with-matches --include "*_test.go" -oP "(?<=func )Benchmark[A-Za-z_]+(?=\(b \*testing\.B)" --recursive ./*) | sort -u | xargs -n1 bash -c 'cd "$$0" && pwd && go test -skip Test -parallel 4 -count 1 -cpu 4 -failfast -tags slow -timeout 30m -benchtime 10s -bench=.'
+test-mariadb-benchmark10x:
+	$(info Running all Go tests with benchmarks...)
+	dirname $$(grep --files-with-matches --include "*_test.go" -oP "(?<=func )Benchmark[A-Za-z_]+(?=\(b \*testing\.B)" --recursive ./*) | sort -u | xargs -n1 bash -c 'cd "$$0" && pwd && PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="mariadb" go test -skip Test -parallel 4 -count 10 -cpu 4 -failfast -tags slow -timeout 30m -benchtime 1s -bench=.'
+test-mariadb-benchmark10s:
+	$(info Running all Go tests with benchmarks...)
+	dirname $$(grep --files-with-matches --include "*_test.go" -oP "(?<=func )Benchmark[A-Za-z_]+(?=\(b \*testing\.B)" --recursive ./*) | sort -u | xargs -n1 bash -c 'cd "$$0" && pwd && PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="mariadb" go test -skip Test -parallel 4 -count 1 -cpu 4 -failfast -tags slow -timeout 30m -benchtime 10s -bench=.'
+test-postgres-benchmark10x:
+	$(info Running all Go tests with benchmarks...)
+	dirname $$(grep --files-with-matches --include "*_test.go" -oP "(?<=func )Benchmark[A-Za-z_]+(?=\(b \*testing\.B)" --recursive ./*) | sort -u | xargs -n1 bash -c 'cd "$$0" && pwd && PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="postgres" go test -skip Test -parallel 4 -count 10 -cpu 4 -failfast -tags slow -timeout 30m -benchtime 1s -bench=.'
+test-postgres-benchmark10s:
+	$(info Running all Go tests with benchmarks...)
+	dirname $$(grep --files-with-matches --include "*_test.go" -oP "(?<=func )Benchmark[A-Za-z_]+(?=\(b \*testing\.B)" --recursive ./*) | sort -u | xargs -n1 bash -c 'cd "$$0" && pwd && PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME="postgres" go test -skip Test -parallel 4 -count 1 -cpu 4 -failfast -tags slow -timeout 30m -benchtime 10s -bench=.'
 docker-pull:
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) --profile=all pull --ignore-pull-failures
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -f compose.latest.yaml pull --ignore-pull-failures
@@ -891,5 +983,15 @@ dummy-ldap:
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) stop dummy-ldap
 	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) up -d -V --force-recreate dummy-ldap

+# PostgreSQL-specific targets:
+start-alldbms:
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -f compose.alldbms.yaml up
+start-postgres:
+	$(DOCKER_COMPOSE) -f compose.postgres.yaml up
+docker-postgres:
+	docker pull --platform=amd64 photoprism/develop:plucky
+	docker pull --platform=amd64 photoprism/develop:plucky-slim
+	scripts/docker/buildx-multi.sh photoprism linux/amd64 postgres /plucky
+
 # Declare all targets as "PHONY", see https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Phony-Targets.html.
 MAKEFLAGS += --always-make
--- a/compose.alldbms.yaml
+++ b/compose.alldbms.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+## FOR TEST AND DEVELOPMENT ONLY, DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION   ##
+## Setup: https://docs.photoprism.app/developer-guide/setup/ ##
+
+services:
+  ## PhotoPrism (Development Environment All DBMS')
+  photoprism:
+    build: .
+    image: photoprism/photoprism:develop
+    depends_on:
+      - postgres
+      - mariadb
+      - dummy-webdav
+      - dummy-oidc
+    stop_grace_period: 15s
+    security_opt:
+      - seccomp:unconfined
+      - apparmor:unconfined
+    ## Expose HTTP and debug ports
+    ports:
+      - "2342:2342"   # Default HTTP port (host:container)
+      - "2443:2443"   # Default TLS port (host:container)
+      - "2343:2343"   # Acceptance Test HTTP port (host:container)
+      - "40000:40000" # Go Debugger (host:container)
+    shm_size: "2gb"
+    ## Set links and labels for use with Traefik reverse proxy
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:vision.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:qdrant.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:keycloak.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:dummy-oidc.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:dummy-webdav.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.docker.network=photoprism"
+      - "traefik.http.services.photoprism.loadbalancer.server.port=2342"
+      - "traefik.http.services.photoprism.loadbalancer.server.scheme=http"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.rule=Host(`localssl.dev`) || HostRegexp(`^.+\\.localssl\\.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.priority=2"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.tls=true"
+    ## Override variables with optional env file, see https://docs.docker.com/reference/compose-file/services/#required
+    env_file:
+      - path: ".env"
+        required: false
+    ## Configure development environment
+    environment:
+      ## Run as a non-root user after initialization (supported: 0, 33, 50-99, 500-600, and 900-1200):
+      PHOTOPRISM_UID: ${UID:-1000}                         # user id, should match your host user id
+      PHOTOPRISM_GID: ${GID:-1000}                         # group id
+      ## Access Management:
+      PHOTOPRISM_ADMIN_USER: "admin"                       # admin login username
+      PHOTOPRISM_ADMIN_PASSWORD: "photoprism"              # initial admin password (8-72 characters)
+      PHOTOPRISM_AUTH_MODE: "password"                     # authentication mode (public, password)
+      PHOTOPRISM_REGISTER_URI: "https://keycloak.localssl.dev/admin/"
+      PHOTOPRISM_PASSWORD_RESET_URI: "https://keycloak.localssl.dev/realms/master/login-actions/reset-credentials"
+      PHOTOPRISM_USAGE_INFO: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_FILES_QUOTA: "100"
+      ## Customization:
+      PHOTOPRISM_DEFAULT_LOCALE: "en"                      # default user interface language, e.g. "en" or "de"
+      PHOTOPRISM_PLACES_LOCALE: "local"                    # location details language, e.g. "local", "en", or "de"
+      ## OpenID Connect (pre-configured for local tests):
+      ## see https://keycloak.localssl.dev/realms/master/.well-known/openid-configuration
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_URI: "https://keycloak.localssl.dev/realms/master"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_CLIENT: "photoprism-develop"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_SECRET: "9d8351a0-ca01-4556-9c37-85eb634869b9"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_PROVIDER: "Keycloak"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_REGISTER: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_WEBDAV: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_OIDC: "false"
+      ## LDAP Authentication (pre-configured for local tests):
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_URI: "ldap://dummy-ldap:389"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_INSECURE: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_SYNC: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_BIND: "simple"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_BIND_DN: "cn"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_BASE_DN: "dc=localssl,dc=dev"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_ROLE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_ROLE_DN: "ou=photoprism-*,ou=groups,dc=localssl,dc=dev"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_WEBDAV_DN: "ou=photoprism-webdav,ou=groups,dc=localssl,dc=dev"
+      ## HTTPS/TLS Options:
+      ## see https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/using-https/
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_TLS: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DEFAULT_TLS: "true"
+      ## Site Information:
+      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_URL: "https://app.localssl.dev/"    # server URL in the format "http(s)://domain.name(:port)/(path)"
+      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_CAPTION: "AI-Powered Photos App"
+      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_DESCRIPTION: "Tags and finds pictures without getting in your way!"
+      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_AUTHOR: "@photoprism_app"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DEBUG: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_READONLY: "false"
+      PHOTOPRISM_EXPERIMENTAL: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_MODE: "debug"
+      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_HOST: "0.0.0.0"
+      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_PORT: 2342
+      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_COMPRESSION: "gzip"                  # improves transfer speed and bandwidth utilization (none or gzip)
+      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_DRIVER: "postgres"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_SERVER: "postgres:5432"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_NAME: "photoprism"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_USER: "photoprism"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME: "sqlite"
+      # PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MYSQL8: "root:photoprism@tcp(mysql:4001)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB: "root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/testdb?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITEFILE: "file:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/unit.test.db?_foreign_keys=on&_busy_timeout=5000"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES: "postgresql://testdb:testdb@postgres:5432/testdb?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"
+      PHOTOPRISM_ASSETS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/assets"
+      PHOTOPRISM_STORAGE_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage"
+      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/originals"
+      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_LIMIT: 128000             # sets originals file size limit to 128 GB
+      PHOTOPRISM_IMPORT_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/import"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_CHOWN: "false"              # disables updating storage permissions via chmod and chown on startup
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_BACKUPS: "false"            # disables backing up albums and photo metadata to YAML files
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_WEBDAV: "false"             # disables built-in WebDAV server
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_SETTINGS: "false"           # disables settings UI and API
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_PLACES: "false"             # disables reverse geocoding and maps
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_EXIFTOOL: "false"           # disables creating JSON metadata sidecar files with ExifTool
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_TENSORFLOW: "false"         # disables all features depending on TensorFlow
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_RAW: "false"                # disables indexing and conversion of RAW images
+      PHOTOPRISM_RAW_PRESETS: "false"                # enables applying user presets when converting RAW images (reduces performance)
+      PHOTOPRISM_DETECT_NSFW: "false"                # automatically flags photos as private that MAY be offensive (requires TensorFlow)
+      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_NSFW: "false"                # allows uploads that MAY be offensive (no effect without TensorFlow)
+      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_ALLOW: ""                    # restricts uploads to these file types (comma-separated list of EXTENSIONS; leave blank to allow all)
+      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_ARCHIVES: "true"             # allows upload of zip archives (will be extracted before import)
+      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_LIBRARY: "auto"               # image processing library to be used for generating thumbnails (auto, imaging, vips)
+      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_FILTER: "auto"                # downscaling filter (imaging best to worst: blackman, lanczos, cubic, linear, nearest)
+      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_UNCACHED: "true"              # enables on-demand thumbnail rendering (high memory and cpu usage)
+      TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL: 1                        # show TensorFlow log messages for development
+      ## Video Transcoding (https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/advanced/transcoding/):
+      # PHOTOPRISM_FFMPEG_ENCODER: "software"        # H.264/AVC encoder (software, intel, nvidia, apple, raspberry, or vaapi)
+      # LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME: "i965"                    # For Intel architectures Haswell and older which do not support QSV yet but use VAAPI instead
+      PHOTOPRISM_FFMPEG_SIZE: "1920"                 # video size limit in pixels (720-7680) (default: 3840)
+      # PHOTOPRISM_FFMPEG_BITRATE: "64"              # video bitrate limit in Mbps (default: 60)
+      ## Run/install on first startup (options: update tensorflow https intel gpu davfs yt-dlp):
+      PHOTOPRISM_INIT: "https postgresql"
+      ## Computer Vision API (https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/config-options/#computer-vision):
+      PHOTOPRISM_VISION_API: "true"                  # server: enables service API endpoints under /api/v1/vision (requires access token)
+      PHOTOPRISM_VISION_URI: ""                      # client: service URI, e.g. http://hostname/api/v1/vision (leave blank to disable)
+      PHOTOPRISM_VISION_KEY: ""                      # client: service access token (for authentication)
+    ## Shared devices for video hardware transcoding (optional):
+    # devices:
+    #  - "/dev/dri:/dev/dri"                         # Required Intel QSV or VAAPI hardware transcoding
+    #  - "/dev/video11:/dev/video11"                 # Video4Linux Video Encode Device (h264_v4l2m2m)
+    working_dir: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism"
+    volumes:
+      - ".:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism"
+      - "./storage:/photoprism"
+      - "go-mod:/go/pkg/mod"
+
+  ## PostgreSQL Database Server
+  ## Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/
+  postgres:
+    image: postgres:17-alpine
+#    image: postgres:16-bookworm
+    expose:
+      - "5432"
+    ports:
+      - "5432:5432" # database port (host:container)
+    volumes:
+      - "postgresql:/var/lib/postgresql"
+      - "./scripts/sql/postgresql-init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql"
+    environment:
+      # POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS: "--locale-provider=icu --icu-locale=und-u-ks-level2"
+      # these error.  --lc-collate=und-u-ks-level2 --lc-ctype=und-u-ks-level2 --lc-messages=und-u-ks-level2"
+      # POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS: "--encoding=UTF8"
+      POSTGRES_DB: photoprism
+      POSTGRES_USER: photoprism
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: photoprism
+
+  ## MariaDB (Database Server)
+  ## Docs: https://mariadb.com/docs/reference/
+  ## Release Notes: https://mariadb.com/kb/en/changes-improvements-in-mariadb-1011/
+  mariadb:
+    image: mariadb:11
+    security_opt: # see https://github.com/MariaDB/mariadb-docker/issues/434#issuecomment-1136151239
+      - seccomp:unconfined
+      - apparmor:unconfined
+    command: --port=4001 --innodb-strict-mode=1 --innodb-buffer-pool-size=256M --transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci --max-connections=512 --innodb-rollback-on-timeout=OFF --innodb-lock-wait-timeout=120
+    expose:
+      - "4001"
+    ports:
+      - "4001:4001" # database port (host:container)
+    volumes:
+      - "mariadb:/var/lib/mysql"
+      - "./scripts/sql/mariadb-init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql"
+    environment:
+      MARIADB_AUTO_UPGRADE: "1"
+      MARIADB_INITDB_SKIP_TZINFO: "1"
+      MARIADB_DATABASE: "photoprism"
+      MARIADB_USER: "photoprism"
+      MARIADB_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
+      MARIADB_ROOT_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
+
+  ## Qdrant (Vector Database)
+  ## Docs: https://qdrant.tech/documentation/guides/installation/#docker-compose
+  ## Release Notes: https://github.com/qdrant/qdrant/releases
+  ## Web UI: https://qdrant.localssl.dev/dashboard
+  qdrant:
+    image: qdrant/qdrant:latest
+    profiles: ["all", "qdrant"]
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:vision.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.port=6333"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.scheme=http"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.rule=Host(`qdrant.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls=true"
+    expose:
+      - 6333
+      - 6334
+      - 6335
+    volumes:
+      - ./.qdrant.yaml:/qdrant/config/production.yaml
+      - ./storage/qdrant:/qdrant/storage
+
+  ## PhotoPrism® Computer Vision API
+  ## See: https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism-vision
+  photoprism-vision:
+    image: photoprism/vision:latest
+    entrypoint: [ "/app/venv/bin/flask" ]
+    command: [ "--app", "app", "run", "--debug", "--host", "0.0.0.0" ]
+    profiles: ["all", "vision"]
+    stop_grace_period: 15s
+    working_dir: "/app"
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:qdrant.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.port=5000"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.scheme=http"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.rule=Host(`vision.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls=true"
+    expose:
+      - 5000
+    environment:
+      TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL: 2
+      ## Ollama client configuration (for the service, see below):
+      OLLAMA_ENABLED: "true"
+      OLLAMA_HOST: "http://ollama:11434"
+
+  ## Ollama Large-Language Model Runner (optional)
+  ## Run "ollama pull [name]:[version]" to download a vision model
+  ## listed at <https://ollama.com/search?c=vision>, for example:
+  ## docker compose exec ollama ollama pull qwen2.5vl:3b
+  ollama:
+    image: ollama/ollama:latest
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    stop_grace_period: 15s
+    ## Only starts this service if the "vision" or "all" profile is specified::
+    ## docker compose --profile vision up -d
+    profiles: ["all", "vision"]
+    ## Insecurely exposes the Ollama service on port 11434
+    ## without authentication (for private networks only):
+    # ports:
+    #  - "11434:11434"
+    environment:
+      ## Ollama Configuration Options:
+      OLLAMA_HOST: "0.0.0.0:11434"
+      OLLAMA_MODELS: "/root/.ollama"   # model storage path (see volumes section below)
+      OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE: "100"          # maximum number of queued requests
+      OLLAMA_NUM_PARALLEL: "1"         # maximum number of parallel requests
+      OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS: "1"    # maximum number of loaded models per GPU
+      OLLAMA_LOAD_TIMEOUT: "5m"        # maximum time for loading models (default "5m")
+      OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE: "5m"          # duration that models stay loaded in memory (default "5m")
+      OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH: "4096"    # maximum input context length
+      OLLAMA_MULTIUSER_CACHE: "false"  # optimize prompt caching for multi-user scenarios
+      OLLAMA_NOPRUNE: "false"          # disables pruning of model blobs at startup
+      OLLAMA_NOHISTORY: "true"         # disables readline history
+      OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION: "false"  # enables the experimental flash attention feature
+      OLLAMA_KV_CACHE_TYPE: "f16"      # cache quantization (f16, q8_0, or q4_0)
+      OLLAMA_SCHED_SPREAD: "false"     # allows scheduling models across all GPUs.
+      OLLAMA_NEW_ENGINE: "true"        # enables the new Ollama engine
+      # OLLAMA_DEBUG: "true"             # shows additional debug information
+      # OLLAMA_INTEL_GPU: "true"         # enables experimental Intel GPU detection
+      ## NVIDIA GPU Hardware Acceleration (optional):
+      # NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: "all"
+      # NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES: "compute,utility"
+    volumes:
+      - "./storage/ollama:/root/.ollama"
+    ## NVIDIA GPU Hardware Acceleration (optional):
+    # deploy:
+    #  resources:
+    #    reservations:
+    #      devices:
+    #        - driver: "nvidia"
+    #          capabilities: [ gpu ]
+    #          count: "all"
+
+  ## Traefik v3 (Reverse Proxy)
+  ## includes "*.localssl.dev" SSL certificate for test environments
+  ## Docs: https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/
+  traefik:
+    image: photoprism/traefik:latest
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
+    ports:
+      - "80:80" # HTTP (redirects to HTTPS)
+      - "443:443" # HTTPS (required)
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+    volumes:
+      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock" # enables Traefik to watch services
+
+  ## Dummy WebDAV Server
+  dummy-webdav:
+    image: photoprism/dummy-webdav:240627
+    environment:
+      WEBDAV_USERNAME: admin
+      WEBDAV_PASSWORD: photoprism
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.dummy-webdav.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.rule=Host(`dummy-webdav.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.tls=true"
+
+  ## Dummy OIDC Identity Provider
+  dummy-oidc:
+    image: photoprism/dummy-oidc:240627
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.dummy-oidc.loadbalancer.server.port=9998"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.rule=Host(`dummy-oidc.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.tls=true"
+
+  ## Dummy LDAP Directory Server
+  ## Docs: https://glauth.github.io/docs/
+  dummy-ldap:
+    image: glauth/glauth-plugins:latest
+    ports:
+      - "127.0.0.1:389:389"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.ldap.loadbalancer.server.port=5555"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.rule=Host(`dummy-ldap.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.tls=true"
+    volumes:
+      - "./.ldap.cfg:/app/config/config.cfg"
+
+  ## Keycloak (OIDC Identity Provider)
+  ## Docs: https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/
+  ## Login with "user / photoprism" and "admin / photoprism".
+  keycloak:
+    image: quay.io/keycloak/keycloak:25.0
+    command: "start-dev" # development mode, do not use this in production!
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.keycloak.loadbalancer.server.port=8080"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.rule=Host(`keycloak.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.tls=true"
+    environment: # see https://www.keycloak.org/server/all-config
+      KEYCLOAK_ADMIN: "admin"
+      KEYCLOAK_ADMIN_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
+      KC_METRICS_ENABLED: "false"
+      KC_HOSTNAME: "keycloak.localssl.dev"
+      KC_HOSTNAME_STRICT: "false"
+      KC_PROXY: "edge"
+      KC_DB: "postgres"
+      KC_DB_URL: "jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/keycloak"
+      KC_DB_USERNAME: "keycloak"
+      KC_DB_PASSWORD: "keycloak"
+
+  ## Run "docker compose --profile prometheus up" to start your development environment with Prometheus.
+  ## Docs: https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#oauth2
+  ## The following grants API access to Prometheus with the preconfigured client credentials (adjust flags as needed):
+  ## ./photoprism client add --id=cs5cpu17n6gj2qo5 --secret=xcCbOrw6I0vcoXzhnOmXhjpVSyFq0l0e -s metrics -n Prometheus -e 60 -t 1
+  prometheus:
+    image: prom/prometheus:latest
+    profiles: ["all", "auth", "prometheus"]
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.prometheus.loadbalancer.server.port=9090"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.rule=Host(`prometheus.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.tls=true"
+    volumes:
+      - "./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
+
+## Create named volume for Go module cache
+volumes:
+  go-mod:
+    driver: local
+  postgresql:
+    driver: local
+  mariadb:
+    driver: local
+
+## Create shared "photoprism" network for connecting with services in other compose.yaml files
+networks:
+  default:
+    name: photoprism
+    driver: bridge
--- a/compose.armv7.yaml
+++ b/compose.armv7.yaml
@@ -39,9 +39,12 @@ services:
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_NAME: "photoprism"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_USER: "root"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
-      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER: "sqlite"
-      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN: ".test.db"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME: "sqlitefile"
      # PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MYSQL8: "root:photoprism@tcp(mysql:4001)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB: "root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/testdb?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITEFILE: ".test.db?_foreign_keys=on&_busy_timeout=5000"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES: "postgresql://testdb:testdb@postgres:5432/testdb?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"
      PHOTOPRISM_ASSETS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/assets"
      PHOTOPRISM_STORAGE_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage"
      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/originals"
--- a/compose.intel.yaml
+++ b/compose.intel.yaml
@@ -93,8 +93,12 @@ services:
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_NAME: "photoprism"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_USER: "root"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
-      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER: "sqlite"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME: "sqlite"
      # PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MYSQL8: "root:photoprism@tcp(mysql:4001)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB: "root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/testdb?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITEFILE: "file:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/unit.test.db?_foreign_keys=on&_busy_timeout=5000"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES: "postgresql://testdb:testdb@postgres:5432/testdb?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"
      PHOTOPRISM_ASSETS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/assets"
      PHOTOPRISM_STORAGE_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage"
      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/originals"
--- a/compose.nvidia.yaml
+++ b/compose.nvidia.yaml
@@ -96,8 +96,12 @@ services:
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_NAME: "photoprism"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_USER: "root"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
-      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER: "sqlite"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME: "sqlite"
      # PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MYSQL8: "root:photoprism@tcp(mysql:4001)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB: "root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/testdb?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITEFILE: "file:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/unit.test.db?_foreign_keys=on&_busy_timeout=5000"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES: "postgresql://testdb:testdb@postgres:5432/testdb?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"
      PHOTOPRISM_ASSETS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/assets"
      PHOTOPRISM_STORAGE_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage"
      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/originals"
--- a/compose.postgres.yaml
+++ b/compose.postgres.yaml
@@ -3,33 +3,90 @@

 services:
  ## PhotoPrism Development Environment (PostgreSQL)
-  # ATTENTION: PostgreSQL is NOT supported yet as Gorm (our ORM library) needs to be upgraded first.
-  # The current Gorm version does NOT support compatible general data types:
-  # https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism/issues/47
  photoprism:
    build: .
    image: photoprism/photoprism:develop
    depends_on:
      - postgres
      - dummy-webdav
+      - dummy-oidc
+    stop_grace_period: 15s
    security_opt:
      - seccomp:unconfined
      - apparmor:unconfined
+    ## Expose HTTP and debug ports
    ports:
-      - "2342:2342" # default HTTP port (host:container)
-      - "2343:2343" # acceptance Test HTTP port (host:container)
-    working_dir: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism"
-    volumes:
-      - ".:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism"
-      - "go-mod:/go/pkg/mod"
+      - "2342:2342"   # Default HTTP port (host:container)
+      - "2443:2443"   # Default TLS port (host:container)
+      - "2343:2343"   # Acceptance Test HTTP port (host:container)
+      - "40000:40000" # Go Debugger (host:container)
    shm_size: "2gb"
+    ## Set links and labels for use with Traefik reverse proxy
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:vision.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:qdrant.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:keycloak.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:dummy-oidc.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:dummy-webdav.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.photoprism.loadbalancer.server.port=2342"
+      - "traefik.http.services.photoprism.loadbalancer.server.scheme=http"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.rule=Host(`localssl.dev`) || HostRegexp(`^.+\\.localssl\\.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.priority=2"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.photoprism.tls=true"
+    ## Override variables with optional env file, see https://docs.docker.com/reference/compose-file/services/#required
+    env_file:
+      - path: ".env"
+        required: false
+    ## Configure development environment
    environment:
+      ## Run as a non-root user after initialization (supported: 0, 33, 50-99, 500-600, and 900-1200):
+      PHOTOPRISM_UID: ${UID:-1000}                         # user id, should match your host user id
+      PHOTOPRISM_GID: ${GID:-1000}                         # group id
+      ## Access Management:
      PHOTOPRISM_ADMIN_USER: "admin"                       # admin login username
      PHOTOPRISM_ADMIN_PASSWORD: "photoprism"              # initial admin password (8-72 characters)
      PHOTOPRISM_AUTH_MODE: "password"                     # authentication mode (public, password)
-      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_URL: "http://localhost:2342/"
+      PHOTOPRISM_REGISTER_URI: "https://keycloak.localssl.dev/admin/"
+      PHOTOPRISM_PASSWORD_RESET_URI: "https://keycloak.localssl.dev/realms/master/login-actions/reset-credentials"
+      PHOTOPRISM_USAGE_INFO: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_FILES_QUOTA: "100"
+      ## Customization:
+      PHOTOPRISM_DEFAULT_LOCALE: "en"                      # default user interface language, e.g. "en" or "de"
+      PHOTOPRISM_PLACES_LOCALE: "local"                    # location details language, e.g. "local", "en", or "de"
+      ## OpenID Connect (pre-configured for local tests):
+      ## see https://keycloak.localssl.dev/realms/master/.well-known/openid-configuration
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_URI: "https://keycloak.localssl.dev/realms/master"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_CLIENT: "photoprism-develop"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_SECRET: "9d8351a0-ca01-4556-9c37-85eb634869b9"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_PROVIDER: "Keycloak"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_REGISTER: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_OIDC_WEBDAV: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_OIDC: "false"
+      ## LDAP Authentication (pre-configured for local tests):
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_URI: "ldap://dummy-ldap:389"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_INSECURE: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_SYNC: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_BIND: "simple"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_BIND_DN: "cn"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_BASE_DN: "dc=localssl,dc=dev"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_ROLE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_ROLE_DN: "ou=photoprism-*,ou=groups,dc=localssl,dc=dev"
+      PHOTOPRISM_LDAP_WEBDAV_DN: "ou=photoprism-webdav,ou=groups,dc=localssl,dc=dev"
+      ## HTTPS/TLS Options:
+      ## see https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/using-https/
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_TLS: "true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_DEFAULT_TLS: "true"
+      ## Site Information:
+      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_URL: "https://app.localssl.dev/"    # server URL in the format "http(s)://domain.name(:port)/(path)"
      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_CAPTION: "AI-Powered Photos App"
-      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_DESCRIPTION: "Open-Source Photo Management"
+      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_DESCRIPTION: "Tags and finds pictures without getting in your way!"
      PHOTOPRISM_SITE_AUTHOR: "@photoprism_app"
      PHOTOPRISM_DEBUG: "true"
      PHOTOPRISM_READONLY: "false"
@@ -37,56 +94,308 @@ services:
      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_MODE: "debug"
      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_HOST: "0.0.0.0"
      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_PORT: 2342
-      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_COMPRESSION: "gzip"     # improves transfer speed and bandwidth utilization (none or gzip)
+      PHOTOPRISM_HTTP_COMPRESSION: "gzip"                  # improves transfer speed and bandwidth utilization (none or gzip)
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_DRIVER: "postgres"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_SERVER: "postgres:5432"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_NAME: "photoprism"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_USER: "photoprism"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
-      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER: "sqlite"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME: "sqlite"
+      # PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MYSQL8: "root:photoprism@tcp(mysql:4001)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB: "root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/testdb?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITEFILE: "file:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/unit.test.db?_foreign_keys=on&_busy_timeout=5000"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES: "postgresql://testdb:testdb@postgres:5432/testdb?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"
      PHOTOPRISM_ASSETS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/assets"
      PHOTOPRISM_STORAGE_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage"
      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/originals"
+      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_LIMIT: 128000             # sets originals file size limit to 128 GB
      PHOTOPRISM_IMPORT_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/import"
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_CHOWN: "false"       # disables updating storage permissions via chmod and chown on startup
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_BACKUPS: "false"     # disables backing up albums and photo metadata to YAML files
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_WEBDAV: "false"      # disables built-in WebDAV server
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_SETTINGS: "false"    # disables settings UI and API
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_PLACES: "false"      # disables reverse geocoding and maps
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_EXIFTOOL: "false"    # disables creating JSON metadata sidecar files with ExifTool
-      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_TENSORFLOW: "false"  # disables all features depending on TensorFlow
-      PHOTOPRISM_DETECT_NSFW: "false"         # automatically flags photos as private that MAY be offensive (requires TensorFlow)
-      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_NSFW: "false"         # allows uploads that MAY be offensive (no effect without TensorFlow)
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_CHOWN: "false"              # disables updating storage permissions via chmod and chown on startup
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_BACKUPS: "false"            # disables backing up albums and photo metadata to YAML files
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_WEBDAV: "false"             # disables built-in WebDAV server
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_SETTINGS: "false"           # disables settings UI and API
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_PLACES: "false"             # disables reverse geocoding and maps
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_EXIFTOOL: "false"           # disables creating JSON metadata sidecar files with ExifTool
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_TENSORFLOW: "false"         # disables all features depending on TensorFlow
+      PHOTOPRISM_DISABLE_RAW: "false"                # disables indexing and conversion of RAW images
+      PHOTOPRISM_RAW_PRESETS: "false"                # enables applying user presets when converting RAW images (reduces performance)
+      PHOTOPRISM_DETECT_NSFW: "false"                # automatically flags photos as private that MAY be offensive (requires TensorFlow)
+      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_NSFW: "false"                # allows uploads that MAY be offensive (no effect without TensorFlow)
      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_ALLOW: ""                    # restricts uploads to these file types (comma-separated list of EXTENSIONS; leave blank to allow all)
      PHOTOPRISM_UPLOAD_ARCHIVES: "true"             # allows upload of zip archives (will be extracted before import)
-      PHOTOPRISM_RAW_PRESETS: "false"         # enables applying user presets when converting RAW images (reduces performance)
-      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_FILTER: "lanczos"      # resample filter, best to worst: blackman, lanczos, cubic, linear
-      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_UNCACHED: "true"       # enables on-demand thumbnail rendering (high memory and cpu usage)
-      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_SIZE: 1920             # pre-rendered thumbnail size limit (default 1920, min 720, max 7680)
-      # PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_SIZE: 4096           # Retina 4K, DCI 4K (requires more storage); 7680 for 8K Ultra HD
-      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_SIZE_UNCACHED: 7680    # on-demand rendering size limit (default 7680, min 720, max 7680)
-      PHOTOPRISM_JPEG_SIZE: 7680              # size limit for converted image files in pixels (720-30000)
-      TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL: 1                 # show TensorFlow log messages for development
-      ## Run/install on first startup (options: update tensorflow https intel gpu davfs yt-dlp):
-      PHOTOPRISM_INIT: "https"
+      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_LIBRARY: "auto"               # image processing library to be used for generating thumbnails (auto, imaging, vips)
+      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_FILTER: "auto"                # downscaling filter (imaging best to worst: blackman, lanczos, cubic, linear, nearest)
+      PHOTOPRISM_THUMB_UNCACHED: "true"              # enables on-demand thumbnail rendering (high memory and cpu usage)
+      TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL: 1                        # show TensorFlow log messages for development
+      ## Video Transcoding (https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/advanced/transcoding/):
+      # PHOTOPRISM_FFMPEG_ENCODER: "software"        # H.264/AVC encoder (software, intel, nvidia, apple, raspberry, or vaapi)
+      # LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME: "i965"                    # For Intel architectures Haswell and older which do not support QSV yet but use VAAPI instead
+      PHOTOPRISM_FFMPEG_SIZE: "1920"                 # video size limit in pixels (720-7680) (default: 3840)
+      # PHOTOPRISM_FFMPEG_BITRATE: "64"              # video bitrate limit in Mbps (default: 60)
+      ## Run/install on first startup (options: update https gpu ffmpeg tensorflow davfs clitools clean):
+      PHOTOPRISM_INIT: "https postgresql"
+      ## Computer Vision API (https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/config-options/#computer-vision):
+      PHOTOPRISM_VISION_API: "true"                  # server: enables service API endpoints under /api/v1/vision (requires access token)
+      PHOTOPRISM_VISION_URI: ""                      # client: service URI, e.g. http://hostname/api/v1/vision (leave blank to disable)
+      PHOTOPRISM_VISION_KEY: ""                      # client: service access token (for authentication)
+    ## Shared devices for video hardware transcoding (optional):
+    # devices:
+    #  - "/dev/dri:/dev/dri"                         # Intel QSV (Broadwell and later) or VAAPI (Haswell and earlier)
+    #  - "/dev/video11:/dev/video11"                 # Video4Linux Video Encode Device (h264_v4l2m2m)
+    working_dir: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism"
+    volumes:
+      - ".:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism"
+      - "./storage:/photoprism"
+      - "go-mod:/go/pkg/mod"
+      
  ## PostgreSQL Database Server
  ## Docs: https://www.postgresql.org/docs/
  postgres:
-    image: postgres:12-alpine
+    image: postgres:17-alpine
+#    image: postgres:16-bookworm
+    expose:
+      - "5432"
    ports:
      - "5432:5432" # database port (host:container)
+    volumes:
+      - "postgresql:/var/lib/postgresql"
+      - "./scripts/sql/postgresql-init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql"
    environment:
+      # POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS: "--locale-provider=icu --icu-locale=und-u-ks-level2"
+      # these error.  --lc-collate=und-u-ks-level2 --lc-ctype=und-u-ks-level2 --lc-messages=und-u-ks-level2"
+      # POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS: "--encoding=UTF8"
      POSTGRES_DB: photoprism
      POSTGRES_USER: photoprism
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: photoprism
+  
+  ## Qdrant (Vector Database)
+  ## Docs: https://qdrant.tech/documentation/guides/installation/#docker-compose
+  ## Release Notes: https://github.com/qdrant/qdrant/releases
+  ## Web UI: https://qdrant.localssl.dev/dashboard
+  qdrant:
+    image: qdrant/qdrant:latest
+    profiles: ["all", "qdrant"]
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:vision.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.port=6333"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.scheme=http"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.rule=Host(`qdrant.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls=true"
+    expose:
+      - 6333
+      - 6334
+      - 6335
+    volumes:
+      - ./.qdrant.yaml:/qdrant/config/production.yaml
+      - ./storage/qdrant:/qdrant/storage
+
+  ## PhotoPrism® Computer Vision API
+  ## See: https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism-vision
+  photoprism-vision:
+    image: photoprism/vision:latest
+    entrypoint: [ "/app/venv/bin/flask" ]
+    command: [ "--app", "app", "run", "--debug", "--host", "0.0.0.0" ]
+    profiles: ["all", "vision"]
+    stop_grace_period: 15s
+    working_dir: "/app"
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:qdrant.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.port=5000"
+      - "traefik.http.services.qdrant.loadbalancer.server.scheme=http"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.rule=Host(`vision.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.qdrant.tls=true"
+    expose:
+      - 5000
+    environment:
+      TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL: 2
+      ## Ollama client configuration (for the service, see below):
+      OLLAMA_ENABLED: "true"
+      OLLAMA_HOST: "http://ollama:11434"
+
+  ## Ollama Large-Language Model Runner (optional)
+  ## Run "ollama pull [name]:[version]" to download a vision model
+  ## listed at <https://ollama.com/search?c=vision>, for example:
+  ## docker compose exec ollama ollama pull qwen2.5vl:3b
+  ollama:
+    image: ollama/ollama:latest
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    stop_grace_period: 15s
+    ## Only starts this service if the "vision" or "all" profile is specified::
+    ## docker compose --profile vision up -d
+    profiles: ["all", "vision"]
+    ## Insecurely exposes the Ollama service on port 11434
+    ## without authentication (for private networks only):
+    # ports:
+    #  - "11434:11434"
+    environment:
+      ## Ollama Configuration Options:
+      OLLAMA_HOST: "0.0.0.0:11434"
+      OLLAMA_MODELS: "/root/.ollama" # model storage path (see volumes section below)
+      OLLAMA_MAX_QUEUE: "100"        # maximum number of queued requests
+      OLLAMA_NUM_PARALLEL: "1"       # maximum number of parallel requests
+      OLLAMA_MAX_LOADED_MODELS: "1"  # maximum number of loaded models per GPU
+      OLLAMA_LOAD_TIMEOUT: "5m"      # maximum time for loading models (default "5m")
+      OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE: "10m"       # duration that models stay loaded in memory (default "5m")
+      OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH: "4096"  # maximum input context length
+      OLLAMA_MULTIUSER_CACHE: "1"    # optimize prompt caching for multi-user scenarios
+      # OLLAMA_DEBUG: "1"              # shows additional debug information
+      # OLLAMA_NOPRUNE: "1"            # disables pruning of model blobs at startup
+      # OLLAMA_NOHISTORY: "1"          # disables readline history
+      # OLLAMA_FLASH_ATTENTION: "1"    # enables the experimental flash attention feature
+      # OLLAMA_SCHED_SPREAD: "1"       # allows scheduling models across all GPUs.
+      # OLLAMA_GPU_OVERHEAD: "0"       # reserves a portion of VRAM per GPU (bytes)
+      # OLLAMA_INTEL_GPU: "1"          # enables experimental Intel GPU detection
+      ## NVIDIA GPU Hardware Acceleration (optional):
+      # NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES: "all"
+      # NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES: "compute,utility"
+    volumes:
+      - "./storage/ollama:/root/.ollama"
+    ## NVIDIA GPU Hardware Acceleration (optional):
+    # deploy:
+    #  resources:
+    #    reservations:
+    #      devices:
+    #        - driver: "nvidia"
+    #          capabilities: [ gpu ]
+    #          count: "all"
+
+  ## Traefik v3 (Reverse Proxy)
+  ## includes "*.localssl.dev" SSL certificate for test environments
+  ## Docs: https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/
+  traefik:
+    image: photoprism/traefik:latest
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
+    ports:
+      - "80:80" # HTTP (redirects to HTTPS)
+      - "443:443" # HTTPS (required)
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+    volumes:
+      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock" # enables Traefik to watch services

  ## Dummy WebDAV Server
  dummy-webdav:
-    image: photoprism/dummy-webdav:231015
+    image: photoprism/dummy-webdav:240627
    environment:
      WEBDAV_USERNAME: admin
      WEBDAV_PASSWORD: photoprism
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.dummy-webdav.loadbalancer.server.port=80"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.rule=Host(`dummy-webdav.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-webdav.tls=true"

+  ## Dummy OIDC Identity Provider
+  dummy-oidc:
+    image: photoprism/dummy-oidc:240627
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.dummy-oidc.loadbalancer.server.port=9998"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.rule=Host(`dummy-oidc.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-oidc.tls=true"
+
+  ## Dummy LDAP Directory Server
+  ## Docs: https://glauth.github.io/docs/
+  dummy-ldap:
+    image: glauth/glauth-plugins:latest
+    ports:
+      - "127.0.0.1:389:389"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.ldap.loadbalancer.server.port=5555"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.rule=Host(`dummy-ldap.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.dummy-ldap.tls=true"
+    volumes:
+      - "./.ldap.cfg:/app/config/config.cfg"
+
+  ## Keycloak (OIDC Identity Provider)
+  ## Docs: https://www.keycloak.org/docs/latest/server_admin/
+  ## Login with "user / photoprism" and "admin / photoprism".
+  keycloak:
+    image: quay.io/keycloak/keycloak:25.0
+    command: "start-dev" # development mode, do not use this in production!
+    links:
+      - "traefik:localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik:app.localssl.dev"
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.keycloak.loadbalancer.server.port=8080"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.rule=Host(`keycloak.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.keycloak.tls=true"
+    environment: # see https://www.keycloak.org/server/all-config
+      KEYCLOAK_ADMIN: "admin"
+      KEYCLOAK_ADMIN_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
+      KC_METRICS_ENABLED: "false"
+      KC_HOSTNAME: "keycloak.localssl.dev"
+      KC_HOSTNAME_STRICT: "false"
+      KC_PROXY: "edge"
+      KC_DB: "postgres"
+      KC_DB_URL: "jdbc:postgresql://postgres:5432/keycloak"
+      KC_DB_USERNAME: "keycloak"
+      KC_DB_PASSWORD: "keycloak"
+
+  ## Run "docker compose --profile prometheus up" to start your development environment with Prometheus.
+  ## Docs: https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#oauth2
+  ## The following grants API access to Prometheus with the preconfigured client credentials (adjust flags as needed):
+  ## ./photoprism client add --id=cs5cpu17n6gj2qo5 --secret=xcCbOrw6I0vcoXzhnOmXhjpVSyFq0l0e -s metrics -n Prometheus -e 60 -t 1
+  prometheus:
+    image: prom/prometheus:latest
+    profiles: ["all", "auth", "prometheus"]
+    labels:
+      - "traefik.enable=true"
+      - "traefik.http.services.prometheus.loadbalancer.server.port=9090"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.entrypoints=websecure"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.rule=Host(`prometheus.localssl.dev`)"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.priority=3"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.tls.domains[0].main=localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.tls.domains[0].sans=*.localssl.dev"
+      - "traefik.http.routers.prometheus.tls=true"
+    volumes:
+      - "./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
+
+## Create named volume for Go module cache
 volumes:
  go-mod:
    driver: local
+  postgresql:
+    driver: local
+
+## Create shared "photoprism-develop" network for connecting with services in other compose.yaml files
+networks:
+  default:
+    name: photoprism
+    driver: bridge
--- a/compose.yaml
+++ b/compose.yaml
@@ -101,8 +101,12 @@ services:
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_NAME: "photoprism"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_USER: "root"
      PHOTOPRISM_DATABASE_PASSWORD: "photoprism"
-      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER: "sqlite"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_NAME: "sqlite"
      # PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MYSQL8: "root:photoprism@tcp(mysql:4001)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_MARIADB: "root:photoprism@tcp(mariadb:4001)/testdb?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITE: ""
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_SQLITEFILE: "file:/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/unit.test.db?_foreign_keys=on&_busy_timeout=5000"
+      PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN_POSTGRES: "postgresql://testdb:testdb@postgres:5432/testdb?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"
      PHOTOPRISM_ASSETS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/assets"
      PHOTOPRISM_STORAGE_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage"
      PHOTOPRISM_ORIGINALS_PATH: "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/originals"
--- a/docker/develop/buster/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/buster/Dockerfile
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
      chromium-driver \
      chromium-sandbox \
      mariadb-client \
+      postgresql-client \
      sqlite3 \
      libc6-dev \
      libssl-dev \
--- a/docker/develop/impish/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/impish/Dockerfile
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
      gettext \
      firefox \
      mariadb-client \
+      postgresql-client \
      davfs2 \
      chrpath \
      libc6-dev \
--- a/docker/develop/jammy-slim/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/jammy-slim/Dockerfile
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
        va-driver-all libva2 iputils-ping dnsutils libmagic-mgc \
    && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-yt-dlp.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
--- a/docker/develop/jammy/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/jammy/Dockerfile
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
    && \
    /scripts/install-nodejs.sh && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-tensorflow.sh && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-yt-dlp.sh && \
--- a/docker/develop/lunar-slim/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/lunar-slim/Dockerfile
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
        x264 x265 libde265-dev libaom-dev libvpx-dev libwebm-dev libjpeg-dev libmatroska-dev libdvdread-dev \
    && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
    echo 'alias ll="ls -alh"' >> /etc/skel/.bashrc && \
--- a/docker/develop/lunar/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/lunar/Dockerfile
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
    && \
    /scripts/install-nodejs.sh && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-tensorflow.sh && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
--- a/docker/develop/mantic-slim/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/mantic-slim/Dockerfile
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
        x264 x265 libde265-dev libaom-dev libvpx-dev libwebm-dev libjpeg-dev libmatroska-dev libdvdread-dev \
    && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
    echo 'alias ll="ls -alh"' >> /etc/skel/.bashrc && \
--- a/docker/develop/mantic/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/mantic/Dockerfile
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
    && \
    /scripts/install-nodejs.sh && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-tensorflow.sh && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
--- a/docker/develop/noble-slim/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/noble-slim/Dockerfile
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
        iputils-ping dnsutils \
    && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
    echo 'alias ll="ls -alh"' >> /etc/skel/.bashrc && \
--- a/docker/develop/noble/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/noble/Dockerfile
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
    && \
    /scripts/install-nodejs.sh && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-tensorflow.sh && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
--- a/docker/develop/oracular-slim/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/oracular-slim/Dockerfile
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
        iputils-ping dnsutils \
    && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
    echo 'alias ll="ls -alh"' >> /etc/skel/.bashrc && \
--- a/docker/develop/oracular/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/develop/oracular/Dockerfile
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
    && \
    /scripts/install-nodejs.sh && \
    /scripts/install-mariadb.sh mariadb-client && \
+    /scripts/install-postgresql.sh postgresql-client && \
    /scripts/install-tensorflow.sh && \
    /scripts/install-darktable.sh && \
    /scripts/install-libheif.sh && \
--- a/docker/photoprism/buster/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/photoprism/buster/Dockerfile
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
      sudo \
      bash \
      mariadb-client \
+      postgresql-client \
      sqlite3 \
      tzdata \
      libc6 \
--- a/docker/photoprism/impish/Dockerfile
+++ b/docker/photoprism/impish/Dockerfile
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ RUN echo 'APT::Acquire::Retries "3";' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80retries && \
      sudo \
      bash \
      mariadb-client \
+      postgresql-client \
      sqlite3 \
      tzdata \
      libc6 \
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -18,14 +18,12 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/open-location-code/go v0.0.0-20250620134813-83986da0156b
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.3
 	github.com/gosimple/slug v1.15.0
-	github.com/jinzhu/gorm v1.9.16
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0
 	github.com/kardianos/osext v0.0.0-20190222173326-2bc1f35cddc0 // indirect
 	github.com/karrick/godirwalk v1.17.0
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/leandro-lugaresi/hub v1.1.1
 	github.com/leonelquinteros/gotext v1.7.2
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 // indirect
 	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0
 	github.com/mandykoh/prism v0.35.3
 	github.com/manifoldco/promptui v0.9.0
@@ -91,11 +89,14 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8
+	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7
+	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.9
+	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.6
+	gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12
 )

 require (
 	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 // indirect
 	github.com/KyleBanks/depth v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.0.2 // indirect
@@ -122,6 +123,10 @@ require (
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/gosimple/unidecode v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 // indirect
+	github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.2
+	github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -148,6 +153,11 @@ require (
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.14 // indirect
 	github.com/xrash/smetrics v0.0.0-20240521201337-686a1a2994c1 // indirect
 	github.com/zitadel/logging v0.6.2 // indirect
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
+	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/zitadel/schema v1.3.1 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.1.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.37.0 // indirect
@@ -168,11 +178,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.18.0 // indirect
 )

-require (
-	github.com/emersion/go-webdav v0.6.0
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
-	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 // indirect
-)
+require github.com/emersion/go-webdav v0.6.0

 go 1.23.7

--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -17,20 +17,14 @@ cloud.google.com/go/storage v1.5.0/go.mod h1:tpKbwo567HUNpVclU5sGELwQWBDZ8gh0Zeo
 dmitri.shuralyov.com/gpu/mtl v0.0.0-20190408044501-666a987793e9/go.mod h1:H6x//7gZCb22OMCxBHrMx7a5I7Hp++hsVxbQ4BYO7hU=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 h1:FNf4tywRC1HmFuKW5xopWpigGjJKiJSV0Cqo0cJWDaA=
 filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0/go.mod h1:BxyFTGdWcka3PhytdK4V28tE5sGfRvvvRV7EaN4VDT4=
-github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358 h1:mFRzDkZVAjdal+s7s0MwaRv9igoPqLRdzOLzw/8Xvq8=
-github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358/go.mod h1:chxPXzSsl7ZWRAuOIE23GDNzjWuZquvFlgA8xmpunjU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/xgb v0.0.0-20160522181843-27f122750802/go.mod h1:IVnqGOEym/WlBOVXweHU+Q+/VP0lqqI8lqeDx9IjBqo=
 github.com/IGLOU-EU/go-wildcard v1.0.3 h1:r8T46+8/9V1STciXJomTWRpPEv4nGJATDbJkdU0Nou0=
 github.com/IGLOU-EU/go-wildcard v1.0.3/go.mod h1:/qeV4QLmydCbwH0UMQJmXDryrFKJknWi/jjO8IiuQfY=
 github.com/KyleBanks/depth v1.2.1 h1:5h8fQADFrWtarTdtDudMmGsC7GPbOAu6RVB3ffsVFHc=
 github.com/KyleBanks/depth v1.2.1/go.mod h1:jzSb9d0L43HxTQfT+oSA1EEp2q+ne2uh6XgeJcm8brE=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery v1.5.1/go.mod h1:GsLWisAFVj4WgDibEWF4pvYnkVQBpKBKeU+7zCJoLcc=
 github.com/abema/go-mp4 v1.4.1 h1:YoS4VRqd+pAmddRPLFf8vMk74kuGl6ULSjzhsIqwr6M=
 github.com/abema/go-mp4 v1.4.1/go.mod h1:vPl9t5ZK7K0x68jh12/+ECWBCXoWuIDtNgPtU2f04ws=
-github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa h1:LHTHcTQiSGT7VVbI0o4wBRNQIgn917usHWOd6VAffYI=
-github.com/alexbrainman/sspi v0.0.0-20231016080023-1a75b4708caa/go.mod h1:cEWa1LVoE5KvSD9ONXsZrj0z6KqySlCCNKHlLzbqAt4=
-github.com/andybalholm/cascadia v1.1.0/go.mod h1:GsXiBklL0woXo1j/WYWtSYYC4ouU9PqHO0sqidkEA4Y=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4 v4.9.0 h1:DBvuZxjdKkRP/dr4GVV4w2fnmrk5Hxc90T51LZjv0JA=
@@ -67,8 +61,6 @@ github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davidbyttow/govips/v2 v2.16.0 h1:1nH/Rbx8qZP1hd+oYL9fYQjAnm1+KorX9s07ZGseQmo=
 github.com/davidbyttow/govips/v2 v2.16.0/go.mod h1:clH5/IDVmG5eVyc23qYpyi7kmOT0B/1QNTKtci4RkyM=
-github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb v0.0.0-20191124224453-732737034ffd h1:83Wprp6ROGeiHFAP8WJdI2RoxALQYgdllERc3N5N2DM=
-github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb v0.0.0-20191124224453-732737034ffd/go.mod h1:xbL0rPBG9cCiLr28tMa8zpbdarY27NDyej4t/EjAShU=
 github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2 h1:w1LecBlG2Lnp8B3jk5zSuNqd7b4DXhcjwek1ei82L+c=
 github.com/disintegration/imaging v1.6.2/go.mod h1:44/5580QXChDfwIclfc/PCwrr44amcmDAg8hxG0Ewe4=
 github.com/djherbis/times v1.6.0 h1:w2ctJ92J8fBvWPxugmXIv7Nz7Q3iDMKNx9v5ocVH20c=
@@ -116,8 +108,6 @@ github.com/emersion/go-webdav v0.6.0 h1:rbnBUEXvUM2Zk65Him13LwJOBY0ISltgqM5k6T5L
 github.com/emersion/go-webdav v0.6.0/go.mod h1:mI8iBx3RAODwX7PJJ7qzsKAKs/vY429YfS2/9wKnDbQ=
 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.9.1-0.20191026205805-5f8ba28d4473/go.mod h1:YTl/9mNaCwkRvm6d1a2C3ymFceY/DCBVvsKhRF0iEA4=
 github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v0.1.0/go.mod h1:iSmxcyjqTsJpI2R4NaDN7+kN2VEUnK/pcBlmesArF7c=
-github.com/erikstmartin/go-testdb v0.0.0-20160219214506-8d10e4a1bae5 h1:Yzb9+7DPaBjB8zlTR87/ElzFsnQfuHnVUVqpZZIcV5Y=
-github.com/erikstmartin/go-testdb v0.0.0-20160219214506-8d10e4a1bae5/go.mod h1:a2zkGnVExMxdzMo3M0Hi/3sEU+cWnZpSni0O6/Yb/P0=
 github.com/esimov/pigo v1.4.6 h1:wpB9FstbqeGP/CZP+nTR52tUJe7XErq8buG+k4xCXlw=
 github.com/esimov/pigo v1.4.6/go.mod h1:uqj9Y3+3IRYhFK071rxz1QYq0ePhA6+R9jrUZavi46M=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 h1:S8gINlzdQ840/4pfAwic/ZE0djQEH3wM94VfqLTZcOM=
@@ -170,7 +160,7 @@ github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 h1:Bcnm0ZwsGyWbCzImXv+pAJn
 github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1/go.mod h1:xekY+UJKNuX9WP91TpwSH2VMlDf28Uj24BCp08ZFTUY=
 github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.26.0 h1:SP05Nqhjcvz81uJaRfEV0YBSSSGMc/iMaVtFbr3Sw2k=
 github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.26.0/go.mod h1:I5QpIEbmr8On7W0TktmJAumgzX4CA1XNl4ZmDuVHKKo=
-github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.5.0/go.mod h1:DCzpHaOWr8IXmIStZouvnhqoel9Qv2LBy8hT2VhHyBg=
+github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.7.0/go.mod h1:OXbVy3sEdcQ2Doequ6Z5BW6fXNQTmx+9S1MCJN5yJMI=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.0 h1:Y0zIbQXhQKmQgTp44Y1dp3wTXcn804QoTptLZT1vtvo=
 github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.0/go.mod h1:pDetrLJeA3oMujJuvXc8RJoasr589B6A9fwzD3QMrqw=
 github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v0.0.0-20191208150333-d5b6f63a941b/go.mod h1:aUCEOzzezBEjDBbFBoSiya/gduyIiWYRP6CnSFIV8AM=
@@ -178,8 +168,6 @@ github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3 h1:t8Ey3Uy7jDSEisW2K3somuMKIpzktkWptA0iFCnRUW
 github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3/go.mod h1:aUCEOzzezBEjDBbFBoSiya/gduyIiWYRP6CnSFIV8AM=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 h1:Fq85nIqj+gXn/S5ahsiTlK3TmC85qgirsdTP/+DeaC4=
 github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5/go.mod h1:oq7eo15ShAhp70Anwd5lgX2pLfOS3QCiwU/PULtXL6M=
-github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20190719163853-cb61b32ac6fe h1:lXe2qZdvpiX5WZkZR4hgp4KJVfY3nMkvmwbVkpv1rVY=
-github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20190719163853-cb61b32ac6fe/go.mod h1:8vg3r2VgvsThLBIFL93Qb5yWzgyZWhEmBwUJWevAkK0=
 github.com/golang/freetype v0.0.0-20170609003504-e2365dfdc4a0/go.mod h1:E/TSTwGwJL78qG/PmXZO1EjYhfJinVAhrmmHX6Z8B9k=
 github.com/golang/geo v0.0.0-20190916061304-5b978397cfec/go.mod h1:QZ0nwyI2jOfgRAoBvP+ab5aRr7c9x7lhGEJrKvBwjWI=
 github.com/golang/geo v0.0.0-20200319012246-673a6f80352d/go.mod h1:QZ0nwyI2jOfgRAoBvP+ab5aRr7c9x7lhGEJrKvBwjWI=
@@ -235,28 +223,21 @@ github.com/hashicorp/go-uuid v1.0.3/go.mod h1:6SBZvOh/SIDV7/2o3Jml5SYk/TvGqwFJ/b
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.5.0/go.mod h1:/m3WP610KZHVQ1SGc6re/UDhFvYD7pJ4Ao+sR/qLZy8=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v0.5.1/go.mod h1:/m3WP610KZHVQ1SGc6re/UDhFvYD7pJ4Ao+sR/qLZy8=
 github.com/ianlancetaylor/demangle v0.0.0-20181102032728-5e5cf60278f6/go.mod h1:aSSvb/t6k1mPoxDqO4vJh6VOCGPwU4O0C2/Eqndh1Sc=
-github.com/jcmturner/aescts/v2 v2.0.0 h1:9YKLH6ey7H4eDBXW8khjYslgyqG2xZikXP0EQFKrle8=
-github.com/jcmturner/aescts/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:AiaICIRyfYg35RUkr8yESTqvSy7csK90qZ5xfvvsoNs=
-github.com/jcmturner/dnsutils/v2 v2.0.0 h1:lltnkeZGL0wILNvrNiVCR6Ro5PGU/SeBvVO/8c/iPbo=
-github.com/jcmturner/dnsutils/v2 v2.0.0/go.mod h1:b0TnjGOvI/n42bZa+hmXL+kFJZsFT7G4t3HTlQ184QM=
-github.com/jcmturner/gofork v1.7.6 h1:QH0l3hzAU1tfT3rZCnW5zXl+orbkNMMRGJfdJjHVETg=
-github.com/jcmturner/gofork v1.7.6/go.mod h1:1622LH6i/EZqLloHfE7IeZ0uEJwMSUyQ/nDd82IeqRo=
-github.com/jcmturner/goidentity/v6 v6.0.1 h1:VKnZd2oEIMorCTsFBnJWbExfNN7yZr3EhJAxwOkZg6o=
-github.com/jcmturner/goidentity/v6 v6.0.1/go.mod h1:X1YW3bgtvwAXju7V3LCIMpY0Gbxyjn/mY9zx4tFonSg=
-github.com/jcmturner/gokrb5/v8 v8.4.4 h1:x1Sv4HaTpepFkXbt2IkL29DXRf8sOfZXo8eRKh687T8=
-github.com/jcmturner/gokrb5/v8 v8.4.4/go.mod h1:1btQEpgT6k+unzCwX1KdWMEwPPkkgBtP+F6aCACiMrs=
-github.com/jcmturner/rpc/v2 v2.0.3 h1:7FXXj8Ti1IaVFpSAziCZWNzbNuZmnvw/i6CqLNdWfZY=
-github.com/jcmturner/rpc/v2 v2.0.3/go.mod h1:VUJYCIDm3PVOEHw8sgt091/20OJjskO/YJki3ELg/Hc=
+github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 h1:/6Hmqy13Ss2zCq62VdNG8tM1wchn8zjSGOBJ6icpsIM=
+github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0/go.mod h1:CEx0iS5ambNFdcRtxPj5JhEz+xB6uRky5eyVu/W2HEg=
+github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20240606120523-5a60cdf6a761 h1:iCEnooe7UlwOQYpKFhBabPMi4aNAfoODPEFNiAnClxo=
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+github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.2 h1:mLoDLV6sonKlvjIEsV56SkWNCnuNv531l94GaIzO+XI=
+github.com/jackc/pgx/v5 v5.7.2/go.mod h1:ncY89UGWxg82EykZUwSpUKEfccBGGYq1xjrOpsbsfGQ=
+github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2 h1:PR8nw+E/1w0GLuRFSmiioY6UooMp6KJv0/61nB7icHo=
+github.com/jackc/puddle/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:vriiEXHvEE654aYKXXjOvZM39qJ0q+azkZFrfEOc3H4=
 github.com/jdeng/goheif v0.0.0-20200323230657-a0d6a8b3e68f/go.mod h1:G7IyA3/eR9IFmUIPdyP3c0l4ZaqEvXAk876WfaQ8plc=
 github.com/jeremija/gosubmit v0.2.8 h1:mmSITBz9JxVtu8eqbN+zmmwX7Ij2RidQxhcwRVI4wqA=
 github.com/jeremija/gosubmit v0.2.8/go.mod h1:Ui+HS073lCFREXBbdfrJzMB57OI/bdxTiLtrDHHhFPI=
 github.com/jessevdk/go-flags v1.4.0/go.mod h1:4FA24M0QyGHXBuZZK/XkWh8h0e1EYbRYJSGM75WSRxI=
 github.com/jessevdk/go-flags v1.5.0/go.mod h1:Fw0T6WPc1dYxT4mKEZRfG5kJhaTDP9pj1c2EWnYs/m4=
-github.com/jinzhu/gorm v1.9.16 h1:+IyIjPEABKRpsu/F8OvDPy9fyQlgsg2luMV2ZIH5i5o=
-github.com/jinzhu/gorm v1.9.16/go.mod h1:G3LB3wezTOWM2ITLzPxEXgSkOXAntiLHS7UdBefADcs=
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 h1:K317FqzuhWc8YvSVlFMCCUb36O/S9MCKRDI7QkRKD/E=
 github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0/go.mod h1:h+uFLlag+Qp1Va5pdKtLDYj+kHp5pxUVkryuEj+Srlc=
-github.com/jinzhu/now v1.0.1/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 h1:/o9tlHleP7gOFmsnYNz3RGnqzefHA47wQpKrrdTIwXQ=
 github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5/go.mod h1:d3SSVoowX0Lcu0IBviAWJpolVfI5UJVZZ7cO71lE/z8=
 github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 h1:Hyh9A8u51kptdkR+cqRpT1EebBwTn1oK9YfGYbdFz6I=
@@ -290,9 +271,6 @@ github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 h1:WT9HwE9SGECu3lg4d/dIA+jxlljEa1/ffXKmRjqdmIQ=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0/go.mod h1:bvxc+MVxLKB4z00jd1z+Dvzr47oO32F/QSNjSBOlFxI=
 github.com/leonelquinteros/gotext v1.7.2 h1:bDPndU8nt+/kRo1m4l/1OXiiy2v7Z7dfPQ9+YP7G1Mc=
 github.com/leonelquinteros/gotext v1.7.2/go.mod h1:9/haCkm5P7Jay1sxKDGJ5WIg4zkz8oZKw4ekNpALob8=
-github.com/lib/pq v1.1.1/go.mod h1:5WUZQaWbwv1U+lTReE5YruASi9Al49XbQIvNi/34Woo=
-github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9 h1:YXG7RB+JIjhP29X+OtkiDnYaXQwpS4JEWq7dtCCRUEw=
-github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9/go.mod h1:AlVN5x4E4T544tWzH6hKfbfQvm3HdbOxrmggDNAPY9o=
 github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 h1:1nnpGOrhyZZuNyfu1QjKiUICQ74+3FNCN69Aj6K7nkY=
 github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0/go.mod h1:R4dSotOR9KMtayYi1e77YzuveK+i7ruzyGqttikkLy0=
 github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 h1:PrnmzHw7262yW8sTBwxi1PdJA3Iw/EKBa8psRf7d9a4=
@@ -309,7 +287,6 @@ github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWE
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 h1:E5ScNMtiwvlvB5paMFdw9p4kSQzbXFikJ5SQO6TULQc=
 github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16/go.mod h1:Jdepj2loyihRzMpdS35Xk/zdY8IAYHsh153qUoGf23w=
-github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.0/go.mod h1:JIl7NbARA7phWnGvh0LKTyg7S9BA+6gx71ShQilpsus=
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24 h1:tpSp2G2KyMnnQu99ngJ47EIkWVmliIizyZBfPrBWDRM=
 github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.24/go.mod h1:Uh1q+B4BYcTPb+yiD3kU8Ct7aC0hY9fxUwlHK0RXw+Y=
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180228061459-e0a39a4cb421/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
@@ -443,11 +420,9 @@ go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5/go.mod h1:F57wTi5Lrj6WLyswp5EYV1ncrEb
 golang.org/x/arch v0.18.0 h1:WN9poc33zL4AzGxqf8VtpKUnGvMi8O9lhNyBMF/85qc=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.18.0/go.mod h1:bdwinDaKcfZUGpH09BB7ZmOfhalA8lQdzl62l8gGWsk=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190325154230-a5d413f7728c/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190510104115-cbcb75029529/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190605123033-f99c8df09eb5/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191011191535-87dc89f01550/go.mod h1:yigFU9vqHzYiE8UmvKecakEJjdnWj3jj499lnFckfCI=
-golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20191205180655-e7c4368fe9dd/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210921155107-089bfa567519/go.mod h1:GvvjBRRGRdwPK5ydBHafDWAxML/pGHZbMvKqRZ5+Abc=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.13.0/go.mod h1:y6Z2r+Rw4iayiXXAIxJIDAJ1zMW4yaTpebo8fPOliYc=
@@ -493,7 +468,6 @@ golang.org/x/mod v0.15.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0/go.mod h1:hTbmBsO62+eylJbnUtE2MGJUyE7QWk4xUqPFrRgJ+7c=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 h1:kb+q2PyFnEADO2IEF935ehFUXlWiNjJWtRNgBLSfbxQ=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0/go.mod h1:rWI627Fq0DEoudcK+MBkNkCe0EetEaDSwJJkCcjpazc=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180218175443-cbe0f9307d01/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180724234803-3673e40ba225/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20180826012351-8a410e7b638d/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190108225652-1e06a53dbb7e/go.mod h1:mL1N/T3taQHkDXs73rZJwtUhF3w3ftmwwsq0BUmARs4=
@@ -509,7 +483,6 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLL
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200202094626-16171245cfb2/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200222125558-5a598a2470a0/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200320220750-118fecf932d8/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
-golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200324143707-d3edc9973b7e/go.mod h1:qpuaurCH72eLCgpAm/N6yyVIVM9cpaDIP3A8BGJEC5A=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200501053045-e0ff5e5a1de5/go.mod h1:qpuaurCH72eLCgpAm/N6yyVIVM9cpaDIP3A8BGJEC5A=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200513185701-a91f0712d120/go.mod h1:qpuaurCH72eLCgpAm/N6yyVIVM9cpaDIP3A8BGJEC5A=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20200520182314-0ba52f642ac2/go.mod h1:qpuaurCH72eLCgpAm/N6yyVIVM9cpaDIP3A8BGJEC5A=
@@ -694,6 +667,15 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.0-20200313102051-9f266ea9e77c/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
+gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7 h1:MndhOPYOfEp2rHKgkZIhJ16eVUIRf2HmzgoPmh7FCWo=
+gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.5.7/go.mod h1:sEtPWMiqiN1N1cMXoXmBbd8C6/l+TESwriotuRRpkDM=
+gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.9 h1:DkegyItji119OlcaLjqN11kHoUgZ/j13E0jkJZgD6A8=
+gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.5.9/go.mod h1:DX3GReXH+3FPWGrrgffdvCk3DQ1dwDPdmbenSkweRGI=
+gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.6 h1:fO/X46qn5NUEEOZtnjJRWRzZMe8nqJiQ9E+0hi+hKQE=
+gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.5.6/go.mod h1:U+J8craQU6Fzkcvu8oLeAQmi50TkwPEhHDEjQZXDah4=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.7/go.mod h1:hbnx/Oo0ChWMn1BIhpy1oYozzpM15i4YPuHDmfYtwg8=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12 h1:I0u8i2hWQItBq1WfE0o2+WuL9+8L21K9e2HHSTE/0f8=
+gorm.io/gorm v1.25.12/go.mod h1:xh7N7RHfYlNc5EmcI/El95gXusucDrQnHXe0+CgWcLQ=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
 honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190418001031-e561f6794a2a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
--- a/gorm2upgrade.md
+++ b/gorm2upgrade.md
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+# Gorm V2 Upgrade Documentation
+
+The following documentation covers what needs to be done to use Gorm V2, which is different to Gorm V1.
+And what has changed to enable the upgrade from Gorm V1 to Gorm V2.  
+
+# Ongoing Development
+
+As new development is done, changes are made to existing columns, or new columns are added to the structs that support PhotoPrism.  
+These structs are turned into tables in DBMS' that Gorm supports.  At the time of writing PhotoPrism supports SQLite and MariaDB, with requests to support PostgreSQL.
+Given the requests to support PostgreSQL the way that the Gorm annotations for the structs are used needed to change.  
+
+## type/size annotation
+
+For all future development the type/size Gorm annotation needs to only use the default types that Gorm supports.  
+Do not use a database specific datatype like VARBINARY, VARCHAR, MEDIUMBLOB.  
+The following tables give an overview of the database type, to Go type, and the required Gorm annotation.  Not all types are listed.  
+If you want the complete set, check the [go-gorm source](https://github.com/go-gorm/) for DataTypeOf for each DBMS.  
+
+### MariaDB translation  
+| DBMS Type | Go Type | Gorm annotation |
+|----------------------|---------|-----------------------|
+| SMALLINT | int | type:int;size:16; |
+| MEDIUMINT | int | type:int;size:24; |
+| INT | int | type:int;size:32; |
+| BIGINT | int | |
+| SMALLINT UNSIGNED | uint | type:uint;size:16; |
+| MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED | uint | type:uint;size:24; |
+| INT UNSIGNED | uint | type:uint;size:32; |
+| BIGINT UNSIGNED | uint | |
+| FLOAT | float32 | |
+| DOUBLE | float64 | |
+| VARBINARY(125) | string | type:byte;size:125; |
+| VARCHAR(60) | string | size:60; |
+| BLOB | as required | type:byte;size:65535; |
+| MEDIUMBLOB | as required | type:byte;size:66666; |
+| LONGBLOB | as required | type:byte;size:16777216; |
+| DATETIME | time.Time | |
+| DECIMAL(16,2) | float64 | precision:16;scale:2; |
+
+
+
+### SQLite translation  
+| DBMS Type | Go Type | Gorm annotation |
+|----------------------|---------|-----------------------|
+| INTEGER (1) | int | |
+| TEXT (2) | string | |
+| BLOB (3) | as required | type:byte; |
+| REAL (4) | float64 | |
+| NUMERIC (5) | time.Time | |
+|----------------------|---------|-----------------------|
+| SMALLINT (1) | int | type:int;size:16; |
+| MEDIUMINT (1) | int | type:int;size:24; |
+| INT (1) | int | type:int;size:32; |
+| BIGINT (1) | int | |
+| SMALLINT UNSIGNED (1) | uint | type:uint;size:16; |
+| MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED (1) | uint | type:uint;size:24; |
+| INT UNSIGNED (1) | uint | type:uint;size:32; |
+| BIGINT UNSIGNED (1) | uint | |
+| FLOAT (4) | float32 | |
+| DOUBLE (4) | float64 | |
+| VARBINARY(125) (2) | string | type:byte;size:125; |
+| VARCHAR(60) (2) | string | size:60; |
+| BLOB (3) | as required | type:byte;size:65535; |
+| MEDIUMBLOB (3) | as required | type:byte;size:66666; |
+| LONGBLOB (3) | as required | type:byte;size:16777216; |
+| DATETIME (5) | time.Time | |
+| DECIMAL(16,2) (5) | float64 | precision:16;scale:2; |
+
+
+The number in the brackets is "Affinity" which SQLite uses to translate a foreign DBMS type into it's base set of 5 types, at top of table above.  
+
+### PostgreSQL translation
+
+| DBMS Type | Go Type | Gorm annotation |
+|----------------------|---------|-----------------------|
+| SMALLSERIAL | int | size:16;autoIncrement; |
+| SERIAL | int | size:32;autoIncrement; |
+| BIGSERIAL | int | autoIncrement; |
+| SMALLINT | int | size:16; |
+| INTEGER | int | size:32; |
+| BIGINT | int |  |
+| SMALLSERIAL | uint | size:15;autoIncrement; |
+| SERIAL | uint | size:31;autoIncrement; |
+| BIGSERIAL | uint | autoIncrement; |
+| SMALLINT | uint | size:15; |
+| INTEGER | uint | size:31; |
+| BIGINT | uint |  |
+| NUMERIC(16,2) (5) | float64 | precision:16;scale:2; |
+| DECIMAL | float64 | |
+| VARCHAR(60) | string | size:60; |
+| TEXT | string | |
+| TIMESTAMPTZ(4) | time.Time | precision:4; |
+| TIMESTAMPTZ | time.Time | |
+| BYTEA | Bytes | |
+| BYTEA | String | type:byte;size:125; |
+| BYTEA | as required | type:byte;size:66666; |
+
+## Foreign Keys
+
+Gorm V2's implementation has introduced foreign keys at the database level.  This will ensure that the data relationship between parent and child records is maintained.  But, it also means that you can't create a child record if the parent is not already committed to the database (or added earlier in the same transaction).  
+
+An example of this is that you can't call the Create function on a Details struct, until the Create function on the Photo struct has already been done.  This is NOT a change to the way that PhotoPrism is already developed.  
+
+It is possible to create an instance of a struct that has child structs (eg. Photo and Detail) by including the content of the child struct in the parent struct.  Gorm will then take care of the creation of both records when photo.Create() is called.  
+eg.
+```
+photo := Photo{
+     TakenAt:  time.Date(2020, 11, 11, 9, 7, 18, 0, time.UTC),
+     TakenSrc: SrcMeta,
+     Details:  &Details {
+        Keywords:     "nature, frog",
+		Notes:        "notes",
+     }
+}
+```
+
+## Queries
+
+The use of 0 to represent FALSE and 1 to represent TRUE in queries shall no longer be done.  Use TRUE/FALSE as appropriate in queries.  
+
+## Managing tables
+
+Gorm V2 uses the Migrator to provide any changes to table structure.  This replaces DropTableIfExists and CreateTable with Migrator().DropTable and Migrator().CreateTable.  See internal/commands/auth_reset.go for an example.  
+
+## Soft Delete
+
+Gorm V2 has changed the struct to support soft deletion.  It now uses a type gorm.DeletedAt which has a Time time.Time and a Valid Boolean to indicate if a record is deleted.  The structure in the database has not changed.  
+Valid = true when a record is soft deleted.  The Time will also be populated.  
+
+# Changes made to support Gorm V2
+
+The follow provides an overview on what changes have been made to PhotoPrism to enable Gorm V2.  
+
+## Breaking Changes
+
+There is only 1 known visible change as a result of the implementation of Gorm V2.  
+That is in the PhotoPrism cli, where the output previously returned a DeletedDate the following difference will be visible.  
+1. Any command that returns a DeletedDate will not return a column for DeletedAt if the record is not deleted.
+2. Any command that returns a DeletedDate will return a gorm.DeletedAt structure if the record is deleted.
+
+
+## Connection Strings
+
+The connection string for SQLite has been changed, with &_foreign_keys=on being added to ensure that foreign keys are enabled within SQLite like they are on MariaDB.  
+
+## Migrator Changes
+
+The migration has moved from a map to an ordered list to ensure that the migration is done in an order that supports foreign keys, instead of randomly.  
+In addition to that, the Truncate function has been updated to execute in foreign key order when removing all records from all tables.  This process also resets the intital auto increment value to one.  
+__Newly added tables need to be added to these lists.__
+
+
+## Structs
+
+The following changes have been made to all Gorm related PhotoPrism structs.  
+The definition of a Primary Key has changed from primary_key to primaryKey.  
+The definition of auto increment has changed from auto_increment to autoIncrement.  
+The definition of a foreign key's source has changed from foreignkey to foreignKey.  
+The definition of a foreign key's target field has changed from association_foreignkey to references.  
+The definition of a many 2 many relationship has changed from association_jointable_foreignkey to a combination of foreignKey, joinForeignKey, References and joinReferences.  
+The definition of associations has been removed.  
+The definition of a unique index has changed from unique_index to uniqueIndex.  
+The definition of the type SMALLINT has changed from type:SMALLINT to type:int;size:16;
+The definition of the type VARBINARY has changed from type:VARBINARY(nn) to type:bytes;size:nn.  
+The definition of the type VARCHAR has changed from type:VARCHAR(nn) to size:nn.  
+The definition of the field DeletedAt has changed from *time.Time to gorm.DeletedAt.  
+The definition of PRELOAD has been removed.  
+The use of the gorm definition type:DATETIME has been removed (not required).  
+
+### Album
+
+The column Photos type has changed from PhotoAlbums to []PhotoAlbum.  
+
+### User
+
+The column UserShares type has changed from UserShares to []UserShare.  
+The columns UserDetails and UserSettings are no longer automatically preloaded.  
+
+### Cell
+
+The column Place is no longer automatically preloaded.  
+
+### Country
+
+The column CountryPhotoID is no longer a required field.  A migration script has been created to change the number 0 to a NULL in the database.  
+
+### Face
+
+The column EmbeddingJSON has had it's gorm specific type changed from type:MEDIUMBLOB to type:bytes;size:66666.  This is to support PostgreSQL and SQLite which use unsized blob types, whilst the number ensures that MariaDB uses a medium_blob type.  
+
+### Marker
+
+The columns EmbeddingsJSON and LandmarksJSON have had their gorm specific types changed from type:MEDIUMBLOB to type:bytes;size:66666.  This is to support PostgreSQL and SQLite which use unsized blob types, whilst the number ensures that MariaDB uses a medium_blob type.  
+
+### Photo
+
+The columns PhotoLat, PhotoLng and PhotoFNumber have had their gorm specific types removed.  
+The columns Details, Camera, Lens, Cell and Place have had their explicit assocations removed.  
+The columns Keywords and Albums have had many2many relationships defined.  
+
+### PhotoAlbum
+
+The columns Photo and Album have been removed.  The gorm function SetupJoinTable is used to populate the foreign key into the model because this table is not using the primary keys of Photo and Album.  
+
+### PhotoLabel
+
+The columns Photo and Label have had their Pre Load status removed, and replaced with foreign key definitions.  
+
+
+### Many to Many joins
+
+The structs Photo and Album are connected via PhotoAlbum by SetupJoinTable.  
+The structs Photo and Keyword are connected via PhotoKeyword by SetupJoinTable.  
+The structs Label and LabelCategory are connected via Category by SetupJoinTable.  
+
+## Queries
+
+With Gorm V1 the assumption that a 0 = FALSE or 1 = TRUE for boolean values had been made.  All cases of this have been changed to using TRUE/FALSE as appropriate.  
--- a/internal/ai/vision/config_test.go
+++ b/internal/ai/vision/config_test.go
@@ -7,11 +7,13 @@ import (

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/fs"
 )

 func TestOptions(t *testing.T) {
-	var configPath = fs.Abs("testdata")
+	var configPath = fs.Abs("testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName())
+	_ = os.Mkdir(configPath, os.ModePerm)
 	var configFile = filepath.Join(configPath, "vision.yml")

 	t.Run("Save", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -27,4 +29,5 @@ func TestOptions(t *testing.T) {
 		err := options.Load(filepath.Join(configPath, "invalid.yml"))
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
+	_ = os.RemoveAll(configPath)
 }
--- a/internal/api/api_test.go
+++ b/internal/api/api_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/form"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/photoprism/get"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/server/limiter"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/testextras"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/media/http/header"
 )

@@ -38,6 +40,14 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	log.SetLevel(logrus.TraceLevel)
 	event.AuditLog = log

+	caller := "internal/api/api_test.go/TestMain"
+	dbc, err := testextras.AcquireDBMutex(log, caller)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("FAIL")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer testextras.UnlockDBMutex(dbc.Db())
+
 	// Init test config.
 	c := config.TestConfig()
 	get.SetConfig(c)
@@ -47,8 +57,11 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	limiter.Login = limiter.NewLimit(1, 10000)

 	// Run unit tests.
+	beforeTimestamp := time.Now().UTC()
 	code := m.Run()
+	code = testextras.ValidateDBErrors(dbc.Db(), log, beforeTimestamp, code)

+	testextras.ReleaseDBMutex(dbc.Db(), log, caller, code)
 	os.Exit(code)
 }

--- a/internal/api/batch_photos.go
+++ b/internal/api/batch_photos.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize/english"

 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config"
@@ -257,8 +257,8 @@ func BatchPhotosPrivate(router *gin.RouterGroup) {

 		log.Infof("photos: updating private flag for %s", clean.Log(frm.String()))

-		if err := entity.Db().Model(entity.Photo{}).Where("photo_uid IN (?)", frm.Photos).UpdateColumn("photo_private",
-			gorm.Expr("CASE WHEN photo_private > 0 THEN 0 ELSE 1 END")).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := entity.Db().Model(&entity.Photo{}).Where("photo_uid IN (?)", frm.Photos).UpdateColumn("photo_private",
+			gorm.Expr("CASE WHEN photo_private THEN false ELSE true END")).Error; err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("private: %s", err)
 			AbortSaveFailed(c)
 			return
--- a/internal/api/folders_search_test.go
+++ b/internal/api/folders_search_test.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package api

 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -17,6 +19,13 @@ func TestGetFoldersOriginals(t *testing.T) {
 		_ = conf.CreateDirectories()
 		expected, err := fs.Dirs(conf.OriginalsPath(), false, true)

+		if len(expected) == 0 {
+			// create something so that the test does some work.
+			newpath := filepath.Join(conf.OriginalsPath(), "2025/01")
+			os.MkdirAll(newpath, os.ModePerm)
+			expected, err = fs.Dirs(conf.OriginalsPath(), false, true)
+		}
+
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
--- a/internal/api/photo_unstack.go
+++ b/internal/api/photo_unstack.go
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func PhotoUnstack(router *gin.RouterGroup) {
 			}

 			if err := entity.UnscopedDb().Exec(`UPDATE files 
-				SET photo_id = ?, photo_uid = ?, file_name = ?, file_missing = 0
+				SET photo_id = ?, photo_uid = ?, file_name = ?, file_missing = FALSE
 				WHERE file_name = ? AND file_root = ?`,
 				newPhoto.ID, newPhoto.PhotoUID, r.RootRelName(),
 				relName, relRoot).Error; err != nil {
--- a/internal/auth/session/session_test.go
+++ b/internal/auth/session/session_test.go
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ package session
 import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/testextras"
 )

 func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
@@ -15,10 +17,22 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	log.SetLevel(logrus.TraceLevel)
 	event.AuditLog = log

+	caller := "internal/auth/session/session_test.go/TestMain"
+	dbc, err := testextras.AcquireDBMutex(log, caller)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("FAIL")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer testextras.UnlockDBMutex(dbc.Db())
+
 	c := config.TestConfig()
 	defer c.CloseDb()

+	beforeTimestamp := time.Now().UTC()
 	code := m.Run()
+	code = testextras.ValidateDBErrors(dbc.Db(), log, beforeTimestamp, code)
+
+	testextras.ReleaseDBMutex(dbc.Db(), log, caller, code)

 	os.Exit(code)
 }
--- a/internal/commands/auth_list_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/auth_list_test.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func TestAuthListCommand(t *testing.T) {

 		// Check command output for plausibility.
 		// t.Logf(output)
-		assert.Empty(t, output)
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "Incorrect Usage: flag provided but not defined: -xyz")
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
 }
--- a/internal/commands/auth_reset.go
+++ b/internal/commands/auth_reset.go
@@ -57,12 +57,12 @@ func authResetAction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		db := conf.Db()

 		// Drop existing sessions table.
-		if err := db.DropTableIfExists(entity.Session{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().DropTable(entity.Session{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_sessions.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.Session{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.Session{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

--- a/internal/commands/clients_list_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/clients_list_test.go
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ func TestClientsListCommand(t *testing.T) {

 		// Check command output for plausibility.
 		// t.Logf(output)
-		assert.Empty(t, output)
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "Incorrect Usage: flag provided but not defined: -xyz")
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
 }
--- a/internal/commands/clients_reset.go
+++ b/internal/commands/clients_reset.go
@@ -53,12 +53,12 @@ func clientsResetAction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		db := conf.Db()

 		// Drop existing auth_clients table.
-		if err := db.DropTableIfExists(entity.Client{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().DropTable(entity.Client{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_clients.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.Client{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.Client{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

--- a/internal/commands/commands_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/commands_test.go
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 package commands

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"flag"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/photoprism/get"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/testextras"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/capture"
 )

@@ -21,6 +24,14 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	log.SetLevel(logrus.TraceLevel)
 	event.AuditLog = log

+	caller := "internal/commands/commands_test.go/TestMain"
+	dbc, err := testextras.AcquireDBMutex(log, caller)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("FAIL")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer testextras.UnlockDBMutex(dbc.Db())
+
 	c := config.NewTestConfig("commands")
 	get.SetConfig(c)

@@ -33,7 +44,11 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	}

 	// Run unit tests.
+	beforeTimestamp := time.Now().UTC()
 	code := m.Run()
+	code = testextras.ValidateDBErrors(dbc.Db(), log, beforeTimestamp, code)
+
+	testextras.ReleaseDBMutex(dbc.Db(), log, caller, code)

 	os.Exit(code)
 }
@@ -67,7 +82,7 @@ func NewTestContext(args []string) *cli.Context {
 	LogErr(flagSet.Parse(args))

 	// Create and return new test context.
-	return cli.NewContext(app, flagSet, nil)
+	return cli.NewContext(app, flagSet, cli.NewContext(app, flagSet, nil))
 }

 // RunWithTestContext executes a command with a test context and returns its output.
@@ -75,14 +90,72 @@ func RunWithTestContext(cmd *cli.Command, args []string) (output string, err err
 	// Create test context with flags and arguments.
 	ctx := NewTestContext(args)

-	// TODO: Help output can currently not be generated in test mode due to
-	//       a nil pointer panic in the "github.com/urfave/cli/v2" package.
-	cmd.HideHelp = true
+	cmd.HideHelp = false

+	// Redirect the output from cli to buffer for transfer to output for testing
+	var catureOutput bytes.Buffer
+	oldWriter := ctx.App.Writer
+	ctx.App.Writer = &catureOutput
 	// Run command with test context.
 	output = capture.Output(func() {
 		err = cmd.Run(ctx, args...)
 	})
+	ctx.App.Writer = oldWriter
+	output += catureOutput.String()
+
+	return output, err
+}
+
+// NewTestContextWithParse creates a new CLI test context with the flags and arguments provided.
+func NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs []string, cmdArgs []string) *cli.Context {
+	// Create new command-line test app.
+	app := cli.NewApp()
+	app.Name = "photoprism"
+	app.Usage = "PhotoPrism®"
+	app.Description = ""
+	app.Version = "test"
+	app.Copyright = "(c) 2018-2025 PhotoPrism UG. All rights reserved."
+	app.Flags = config.Flags.Cli()
+	app.Commands = PhotoPrism
+	app.HelpName = app.Name
+	app.CustomAppHelpTemplate = ""
+	app.HideHelp = true
+	app.HideHelpCommand = true
+	app.Action = func(*cli.Context) error { return nil }
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = false
+	app.Metadata = map[string]interface{}{
+		"Name":    "PhotoPrism",
+		"About":   "PhotoPrism®",
+		"Edition": "ce",
+		"Version": "test",
+	}
+
+	// Parse photoprism command arguments.
+	photoprismFlagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("photoprism", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	for _, f := range app.Flags {
+		f.Apply(photoprismFlagSet)
+	}
+	LogErr(photoprismFlagSet.Parse(appArgs[1:]))
+
+	// Parse command test arguments.
+	flagSet := flag.NewFlagSet("test", flag.ContinueOnError)
+	LogErr(flagSet.Parse(cmdArgs))
+
+	// Create and return new test context.
+	return cli.NewContext(app, flagSet, cli.NewContext(app, photoprismFlagSet, nil))
+}
+
+func RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx *cli.Context, cmd *cli.Command, args []string) (output string, err error) {
+	// Redirect the output from cli to buffer for transfer to output for testing
+	var catureOutput bytes.Buffer
+	oldWriter := ctx.App.Writer
+	ctx.App.Writer = &catureOutput
+	// Run command with test context.
+	output = capture.Output(func() {
+		err = cmd.Run(ctx, args...)
+	})
+	ctx.App.Writer = oldWriter
+	output += catureOutput.String()

 	return output, err
 }
--- a/internal/commands/migrations.go
+++ b/internal/commands/migrations.go
--- a/internal/commands/migrations_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/migrations_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+package commands
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/leandro-lugaresi/hub"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
+)
+
+func TestMigrationCommand(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("NoMigrateSettings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Run command with test context.
+		output, err := RunWithTestContext(MigrationsCommands, []string{"migrations", "transfer"})
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		// t.Logf(output)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "config: transfer config must be provided")
+		}
+		assert.Equal(t, "", output)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("InvalidCommand", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Run command with test context.
+		output, err := RunWithTestContext(MigrationsCommands, []string{"migrations", "--magles"})
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		// t.Logf(output)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "flag provided but not defined: -magles")
+		}
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "flag provided but not defined: -magles")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TargetPopulated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup target database
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db")
+		if err := copyFile("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "mysql",
+			"--database-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s",
+			"--transfer-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		// t.Logf(output)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "migrate: transfer target database is not empty")
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: transfer batch size set to 100")
+
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("TargetPopulatedBatch500", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup target database
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db")
+		if err := copyFile("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "mysql",
+			"--database-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s",
+			"--transfer-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer", "-batch", "500"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		// t.Logf(output)
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "migrate: transfer target database is not empty")
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: transfer batch size set to 500")
+
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/targetpopulated.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("MySQLtoPostgreSQL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/transfer_mysql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err = exec.Command("mariadb", "-u", "migrate", "-pmigrate", "migrate",
+			"-e", "source "+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		// Clear PostgreSQL target (migrate)
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/reset-migrate.postgresql.sql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			if err = exec.Command("psql", "postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres", "--file="+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "mysql",
+			"--database-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s",
+			"--transfer-driver", "postgres",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "postgresql://migrate:migrate@postgres:5432/migrate?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer", "-batch", "10"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: transfer batch size set to 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(postgres.Open("postgresql://migrate:migrate@postgres:5432/migrate?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("MySQLtoSQLite", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Remove target database file
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlite.test.db")
+
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/transfer_mysql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err = exec.Command("mariadb", "-u", "migrate", "-pmigrate", "migrate",
+			"-e", "source "+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "mysql",
+			"--database-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s",
+			"--transfer-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlite.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer", "-batch", "1000"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: transfer batch size set to 1000")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlite.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
+		// Remove target database file
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlite.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("MySQLtoSQLitePopulated", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Remove target database file
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlitepopulated.test.db")
+		if err := copyFile("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlitepopulated.test.db"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/transfer_mysql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else if err = exec.Command("mariadb", "-u", "migrate", "-pmigrate", "migrate",
+			"-e", "source "+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "mysql",
+			"--database-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s",
+			"--transfer-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlitepopulated.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer", "-force"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlitepopulated.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
+		// Remove target database file
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/mysqltosqlitepopulated.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PostgreSQLtoMySQL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/transfer_postgresql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			if err = exec.Command("psql", "postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres", "--file="+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Clear MySQL target (migrate)
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/reset-migrate.mysql.sql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			resetFile, err := os.Open(dumpName)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Log("unable to open reset file")
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer resetFile.Close()
+
+			cmd := exec.Command("mysql")
+			cmd.Stdin = resetFile
+
+			output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			t.Log(output)
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "postgres",
+			"--database-dsn", "postgresql://migrate:migrate@postgres:5432/migrate?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable",
+			"--transfer-driver", "mysql",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open("migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PostgreSQLtoSQLite", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Remove target database file
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/postgresqltosqlite.test.db")
+
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/transfer_postgresql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			if err = exec.Command("psql", "postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres", "--file="+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "postgres",
+			"--database-dsn", "postgresql://migrate:migrate@postgres:5432/migrate?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable",
+			"--transfer-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/postgresqltosqlite.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/postgresqltosqlite.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
+		// Remove target database file
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/postgresqltosqlite.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SQLiteToMySQL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Remove target database file
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetomysql.test.db")
+
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if err := copyFile("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetomysql.test.db"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Clear MySQL target (migrate)
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/reset-migrate.mysql.sql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			resetFile, err := os.Open(dumpName)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Log("unable to open reset file")
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer resetFile.Close()
+
+			cmd := exec.Command("mysql")
+			cmd.Stdin = resetFile
+
+			output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			t.Log(output)
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--database-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetomysql.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on",
+			"--transfer-driver", "mysql",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open("migrate:migrate@tcp(mariadb:4001)/migrate?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
+		// Remove target database file
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetomysql.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SQLiteToPostgreSQL", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Remove target database file
+		os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetopostgresql.test.db")
+
+		// Load migrate database as source
+		if err := copyFile("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetopostgresql.test.db"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err.Error())
+		}
+
+		// Clear PostgreSQL target (migrate)
+		if dumpName, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/reset-migrate.postgresql.sql"); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		} else {
+			if err = exec.Command("psql", "postgresql://photoprism:photoprism@postgres:5432/postgres", "--file="+dumpName).Run(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Run command with test context.
+		log = event.Log
+
+		appArgs := []string{"photoprism",
+			"--database-driver", "sqlite",
+			"--database-dsn", "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetopostgresql.test.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on",
+			"--transfer-driver", "postgres",
+			"--transfer-dsn", "postgresql://migrate:migrate@postgres:5432/migrate?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"}
+		cmdArgs := []string{"migrations", "transfer"}
+
+		ctx := NewTestContextWithParse(appArgs, cmdArgs)
+
+		s := event.Subscribe("log.info")
+		defer event.Unsubscribe(s)
+
+		var l string
+
+		assert.IsType(t, hub.Subscription{}, s)
+
+		go func() {
+			for msg := range s.Receiver {
+				l += msg.Fields["message"].(string) + "\n"
+			}
+		}()
+
+		output, err := RunWithProvidedTestContext(ctx, MigrationsCommands, cmdArgs)
+
+		// Check command output for plausibility.
+		//t.Logf(output)
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		assert.NotContains(t, output, "Usage")
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+
+		// Check command output.
+		if l == "" {
+			t.Fatal("log output missing")
+		}
+		// t.Logf(l)
+
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albums transfered 31")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of albumusers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cameras transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of categories transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of cells transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of clients transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of countries transfered 1")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of duplicates transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of errors transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of faces transfered 7")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of files transfered 71")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of fileshares transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of filesyncs transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of folders transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of keywords transfered 26")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of labels transfered 32")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of lenses transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of links transfered 5")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of markers transfered 18")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passcodes transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of passwords transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photos transfered 58")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of photousers transfered 0")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of places transfered 10")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of reactions transfered 3")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of sessions transfered 21")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of services transfered 2")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of subjects transfered 6")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of users transfered 11")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of userdetails transfered 9")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usersettings transfered 13")
+		assert.Contains(t, l, "migrate: number of usershares transfered 1")
+
+		// Make sure that a sequence update has worked.
+		testdb, err := gorm.Open(postgres.Open("postgresql://migrate:migrate@postgres:5432/migrate?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable"), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		lens := entity.Lens{LensSlug: "PhotoPrismTest Data Slug For Lens", LensName: "PhotoPrism Biocular", LensMake: "PhotoPrism", LensModel: "Short", LensType: "Mono", LensDescription: "Special Test Lens"}
+		if result := testdb.Create(&lens); result.Error != nil {
+			assert.NoError(t, result.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
+		// Remove target database file
+		if !t.Failed() {
+			os.Remove("/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/sqlitetomysql.test.db")
+		}
+	})
+
+}
+
+func copyFile(source, target string) error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(source); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copyFile: source file %s is required", source)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(target); err != nil {
+		if err = os.Remove(target); err != nil {
+			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no such file or directory") {
+				return fmt.Errorf("copyFile: target file %s can not be removed with error %s", target, err.Error())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sourceFile, err := os.Open(source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copyFile: source file %s can not be opened with error %s", source, err.Error())
+	}
+	defer sourceFile.Close()
+
+	targetFile, err := os.Create(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copyFile: target file %s can not be opened with error %s", target, err.Error())
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		closeErr := targetFile.Close()
+		if err == nil {
+			err = closeErr
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if _, err = io.Copy(targetFile, sourceFile); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copyFile: copy failed with error %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err = targetFile.Sync(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("copyFile: target sync failed with error %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/commands/testdata/reset-migrate.mysql.sql
+++ b/internal/commands/testdata/reset-migrate.mysql.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migrate;
+CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS migrate;
+CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS migrate@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'migrate';
+GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON migrate.* TO migrate@'%';
+
+FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
--- a/internal/commands/testdata/reset-migrate.postgresql.sql
+++ b/internal/commands/testdata/reset-migrate.postgresql.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+--
+-- PostgreSQL database dump
+--
+
+-- Dumped from database version 17.4
+-- Dumped by pg_dump version 17.4 (Ubuntu 17.4-1)
+
+SET statement_timeout = 0;
+SET lock_timeout = 0;
+SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = 0;
+SET transaction_timeout = 0;
+SET client_encoding = 'UTF8';
+SET standard_conforming_strings = on;
+SELECT pg_catalog.set_config('search_path', '', false);
+SET check_function_bodies = false;
+SET xmloption = content;
+SET client_min_messages = warning;
+SET row_security = off;
+
+DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS migrate WITH (FORCE);
+--
+-- TOC entry 3924 (class 1262 OID 25875)
+-- Name: migrate; Type: DATABASE; Schema: -; Owner: migrate
+--
+
+CREATE DATABASE migrate WITH TEMPLATE = template0 ENCODING = 'UTF8' LOCALE_PROVIDER = libc LOCALE = 'en_US.utf8';
+
+ALTER DATABASE migrate OWNER TO migrate;
+
--- a/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_mysql
+++ b/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_mysql
--- a/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_postgresql
+++ b/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_postgresql
--- a/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3
+++ b/internal/commands/testdata/transfer_sqlite3
--- a/internal/commands/users_legacy_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/users_legacy_test.go
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 package commands

 import (
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"unicode"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -14,6 +16,14 @@ func TestUsersLegacyCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		// Check command output for plausibility.
 		//t.Logf(output)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Contains(t, output, "│ ID │ UID │ Name │ User │ Email │ Admin │ Created At │")
+		// remove spaces as this test will fail if there are records in the table due to dynamic sizing of headings
+		var result strings.Builder
+		result.Grow(len(output))
+		for _, char := range output {
+			if !unicode.IsSpace(char) {
+				result.WriteRune(char)
+			}
+		}
+		assert.Contains(t, result.String(), "│ID│UID│Name│User│Email│Admin│CreatedAt│")
 	})
 }
--- a/internal/commands/users_list.go
+++ b/internal/commands/users_list.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func usersListAction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			}

 			if ctx.Bool("deleted") {
-				rows[i] = append(rows[i], report.DateTime(user.DeletedAt))
+				rows[i] = append(rows[i], report.DateTime(&user.DeletedAt.Time))
 			}
 		}

--- a/internal/commands/users_list_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/users_list_test.go
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func TestUsersListCommand(t *testing.T) {

 		// Check command output for plausibility.
 		// t.Logf(output)
-		assert.Empty(t, output)
+		assert.Contains(t, output, "Incorrect Usage: flag provided but not defined: -xyz")
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
 }
--- a/internal/commands/users_mod.go
+++ b/internal/commands/users_mod.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/manifoldco/promptui"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity"
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ func usersModAction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 				return fmt.Errorf("user already exists")
 			}

-			m.DeletedAt = nil
+			m.DeletedAt = gorm.DeletedAt{}
 			log.Infof("user %s will be restored", m.String())
 		}

--- a/internal/commands/users_reset.go
+++ b/internal/commands/users_reset.go
@@ -56,37 +56,37 @@ func usersResetAction(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		db := conf.Db()

 		// Drop existing user management tables.
-		if err := db.DropTableIfExists(entity.User{}, entity.UserDetails{}, entity.UserSettings{}, entity.UserShare{}, entity.Passcode{}, entity.Session{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().DropTable(entity.User{}, entity.UserDetails{}, entity.UserSettings{}, entity.UserShare{}, entity.Passcode{}, entity.Session{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_users.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.User{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_users_details.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.UserDetails{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.UserDetails{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_users_settings.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.UserSettings{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.UserSettings{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_users_shares.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.UserShare{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.UserShare{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create passcodes.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.Passcode{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.Passcode{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

 		// Re-create auth_sessions.
-		if err := db.CreateTable(entity.Session{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err := db.Migrator().CreateTable(entity.Session{}); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

--- a/internal/commands/users_test.go
+++ b/internal/commands/users_test.go
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ func TestUsersCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, output2, "John")
 		assert.Contains(t, output2, "admin")
 		assert.Contains(t, output2, "john@test.de")
+		assert.NotContains(t, output2, "DeletedAt")

 		// Modify John
 		// Run command with test context.
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ func TestUsersCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, output4, "Johnny")
 		assert.Contains(t, output4, "admin")
 		assert.Contains(t, output4, "johnnny@test.de")
-		assert.Contains(t, output4, "│ DeletedAt     │ <nil>")
+		assert.NotContains(t, output4, "DeletedAt")

 		// Remove John
 		// Run command with test context.
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ func TestUsersCommand(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Contains(t, output6, "Johnny")
 		assert.Contains(t, output6, "admin")
 		assert.Contains(t, output6, "johnnny@test.de")
-		assert.Contains(t, output6, "│ DeletedAt     │ time.Date")
-		assert.NotContains(t, output6, "│ DeletedAt     │ <nil>")
+		assert.Contains(t, output6, "│ DeletedAt     │ gorm.DeletedAt{Time:time.Date")
+		assert.NotContains(t, output6, "│ DeletedAt     │ gorm.DeletedAt{Time:time.Date(1, time.January, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), Valid:false}")
 	})
 }
--- a/internal/config/client_config.go
+++ b/internal/config/client_config.go
@@ -567,33 +567,33 @@ func (c *Config) ClientUser(withSettings bool) *ClientConfig {
 	if hidePrivate {
 		c.Db().
 			Table("photos").
-			Select("SUM(photo_type = 'animated' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = 0) AS animated, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'video' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = 0) AS videos, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'live' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = 0) AS live, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'audio' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = 0) AS audio, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'document' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = 0) AS documents, " +
-				"SUM(photo_quality = -1) AS hidden, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type NOT IN ('animated','video','live','audio','document') AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = 0) AS photos, " +
-				"SUM(photo_quality BETWEEN 0 AND 2) AS review, " +
-				"SUM(photo_favorite = 1 AND photo_private = 0 AND photo_quality > -1) AS favorites, " +
-				"SUM(photo_private = 1 AND photo_quality > -1) AS private").
-			Where("photos.id NOT IN (SELECT photo_id FROM files WHERE file_primary = 1 AND (file_missing = 1 OR file_error <> ''))").
+			Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'animated' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = FALSE THEN 1 END) AS animated, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'video' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = FALSE THEN 1 END) AS videos, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'live' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = FALSE THEN 1 END) AS live, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'audio' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = FALSE THEN 1 END) AS audio, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'document' AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = FALSE THEN 1 END) AS documents, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_quality = -1 THEN 1 END) AS hidden, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type NOT IN ('animated','video','live','audio','document') AND photo_quality > -1 AND photo_private = FALSE THEN 1 END) AS photos, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_quality BETWEEN 0 AND 2 THEN 1 END) AS review, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_favorite = TRUE AND photo_private = FALSE AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS favorites, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_private = TRUE AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS private").
+			Where("photos.id NOT IN (SELECT photo_id FROM files WHERE file_primary = TRUE AND (file_missing = TRUE OR file_error <> ''))").
 			Where("deleted_at IS NULL").
 			Take(&cfg.Count)
 	} else {
 		c.Db().
 			Table("photos").
-			Select("SUM(photo_type = 'animated' AND photo_quality > -1) AS animated, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'video' AND photo_quality > -1) AS videos, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'live' AND photo_quality > -1) AS live, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'audio' AND photo_quality > -1) AS audio, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type = 'document' AND photo_quality > -1) AS documents, " +
-				"SUM(photo_quality = -1) AS hidden, " +
-				"SUM(photo_type NOT IN ('animated','video','live','audio','document') AND photo_quality > -1) AS photos, " +
-				"SUM(photo_quality BETWEEN 0 AND 2) AS review, " +
-				"SUM(photo_favorite = 1 AND photo_quality > -1) AS favorites, " +
+			Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'animated' AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS animated, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'video' AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS videos, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'live' AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS live, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'audio' AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS audio, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type = 'document' AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS documents, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_quality = -1 THEN 1 END) AS hidden, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_type NOT IN ('animated','video','live','audio','document') AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS photos, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_quality BETWEEN 0 AND 2 THEN 1 END) AS review, " +
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_favorite = TRUE AND photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS favorites, " +
 				"0 AS private").
-			Where("photos.id NOT IN (SELECT photo_id FROM files WHERE file_primary = 1 AND (file_missing = 1 OR file_error <> ''))").
+			Where("photos.id NOT IN (SELECT photo_id FROM files WHERE file_primary = TRUE AND (file_missing = TRUE OR file_error <> ''))").
 			Where("deleted_at IS NULL").
 			Take(&cfg.Count)
 	}
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ func (c *Config) ClientUser(withSettings bool) *ClientConfig {
 	if c.Settings().Features.Archive {
 		c.Db().
 			Table("photos").
-			Select("SUM(photo_quality > -1) AS archived").
+			Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_quality > -1 THEN 1 END) AS archived").
 			Where("deleted_at IS NOT NULL").
 			Take(&cfg.Count)
 	}
@@ -621,34 +621,34 @@ func (c *Config) ClientUser(withSettings bool) *ClientConfig {
 		Select("MAX(photo_count) AS label_max_photos, COUNT(*) AS labels").
 		Where("photo_count > 0").
 		Where("deleted_at IS NULL").
-		Where("(label_priority >= 0 OR label_favorite = 1)").
+		Where("(label_priority >= 0 OR label_favorite = TRUE)").
 		Take(&cfg.Count)

 	if hidePrivate {
 		c.Db().
 			Table("albums").
-			Select("SUM(album_type = ?) AS albums, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS moments, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS months, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS states, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS folders, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ? AND album_private = 1) AS private_albums, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ? AND album_private = 1) AS private_moments, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ? AND album_private = 1) AS private_months, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ? AND album_private = 1) AS private_states, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ? AND album_private = 1) AS private_folders",
+			Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS albums, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS moments, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS months, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS states, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS folders, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? AND album_private = TRUE THEN 1 END) AS private_albums, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? AND album_private = TRUE THEN 1 END) AS private_moments, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? AND album_private = TRUE THEN 1 END) AS private_months, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? AND album_private = TRUE THEN 1 END) AS private_states, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? AND album_private = TRUE THEN 1 END) AS private_folders",
 				entity.AlbumManual, entity.AlbumMoment, entity.AlbumMonth, entity.AlbumState, entity.AlbumFolder,
 				entity.AlbumManual, entity.AlbumMoment, entity.AlbumMonth, entity.AlbumState, entity.AlbumFolder).
-			Where("deleted_at IS NULL AND (albums.album_type <> 'folder' OR albums.album_path IN (SELECT photos.photo_path FROM photos WHERE photos.photo_private = 0 AND photos.deleted_at IS NULL))").
+			Where("deleted_at IS NULL AND (albums.album_type <> 'folder' OR albums.album_path IN (SELECT photos.photo_path FROM photos WHERE photos.photo_private = FALSE AND photos.deleted_at IS NULL))").
 			Take(&cfg.Count)
 	} else {
 		c.Db().
 			Table("albums").
-			Select("SUM(album_type = ?) AS albums, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS moments, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS months, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS states, "+
-				"SUM(album_type = ?) AS folders",
+			Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS albums, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS moments, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS months, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS states, "+
+				"COUNT(CASE WHEN album_type = ? THEN 1 END) AS folders",
 				entity.AlbumManual, entity.AlbumMoment, entity.AlbumMonth, entity.AlbumState, entity.AlbumFolder).
 			Where("deleted_at IS NULL AND (albums.album_type <> 'folder' OR albums.album_path IN (SELECT photos.photo_path FROM photos WHERE photos.deleted_at IS NULL))").
 			Take(&cfg.Count)
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ func (c *Config) ClientUser(withSettings bool) *ClientConfig {
 	c.Db().
 		Table("files").
 		Select("COUNT(*) AS files").
-		Where("file_missing = 0 AND file_root = ? AND deleted_at IS NULL", entity.RootOriginals).
+		Where("file_missing = FALSE AND file_root = ? AND deleted_at IS NULL", entity.RootOriginals).
 		Take(&cfg.Count)

 	c.Db().
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ func (c *Config) ClientUser(withSettings bool) *ClientConfig {

 	c.Db().
 		Table("places").
-		Select("SUM(photo_count > 0) AS places").
+		Select("COUNT(CASE WHEN photo_count > 0 THEN 1 END) AS places").
 		Where("id <> 'zz'").
 		Take(&cfg.Count)

@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ func (c *Config) ClientUser(withSettings bool) *ClientConfig {
 		Find(&cfg.Lenses)

 	c.Db().
-		Where("deleted_at IS NULL AND album_favorite = 1").
+		Where("deleted_at IS NULL AND album_favorite = TRUE").
 		Limit(20).Order("album_title").
 		Find(&cfg.Albums)

--- a/internal/config/config.go
+++ b/internal/config/config.go
@@ -37,13 +37,12 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
-	_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
-	_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/sqlite"
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
 	"github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2"
 	"github.com/pbnjay/memory"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/ai/face"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/ai/vision"
@@ -73,6 +72,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	options   *Options
 	settings  *customize.Settings
 	db        *gorm.DB
+	pool      *pgxpool.Pool
 	dbVersion string
 	hub       *hub.Config
 	token     string
@@ -823,3 +823,43 @@ func (c *Config) Hub() *hub.Config {

 	return c.hub
 }
+
+// Swap the database and transfer settings in the config.
+func (c *Config) SwapDBAndTransfer() error {
+	if c.db != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("config: database must not be initialised")
+	}
+
+	if c.options.DBTransferDriver == "" &&
+		c.options.DBTransferDsn == "" &&
+		c.options.DBTransferName == "" &&
+		c.options.DBTransferServer == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("config: transfer config must be provided")
+	}
+
+	tempString := c.options.DBTransferDriver
+	c.options.DBTransferDriver = c.options.DatabaseDriver
+	c.options.DatabaseDriver = tempString
+
+	tempString = c.options.DBTransferDsn
+	c.options.DBTransferDsn = c.options.DatabaseDsn
+	c.options.DatabaseDsn = tempString
+
+	tempString = c.options.DBTransferName
+	c.options.DBTransferName = c.options.DatabaseName
+	c.options.DatabaseName = tempString
+
+	tempString = c.options.DBTransferPassword
+	c.options.DBTransferPassword = c.options.DatabasePassword
+	c.options.DatabasePassword = tempString
+
+	tempString = c.options.DBTransferServer
+	c.options.DBTransferServer = c.options.DatabaseServer
+	c.options.DatabaseServer = tempString
+
+	tempString = c.options.DBTransferUser
+	c.options.DBTransferUser = c.options.DatabaseUser
+	c.options.DatabaseUser = tempString
+
+	return nil
+}
--- a/internal/config/config_backup_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_backup_test.go
@@ -4,16 +4,20 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 )

 func TestConfig_BackupPath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupPath(""), "/storage/testdata/backup")
+	expected := "/storage/testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/backup"
+	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupPath(""), expected)
 }

 func TestConfig_BackupBasePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupBasePath(), "/storage/testdata/backup")
+	expected := "/storage/testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/backup"
+	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupBasePath(), expected)
 	path := c.options.BackupPath
 	c.options.BackupPath = "./"
 	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupBasePath(), "/photoprism/internal/config")
@@ -56,7 +60,8 @@ func TestConfig_BackupDatabase(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_BackupDatabasePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupDatabasePath(), "/storage/testdata/backup/sqlite")
+	expected := "/storage/testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/backup/sqlite"
+	assert.Contains(t, c.BackupDatabasePath(), expected)
 }

 func TestConfig_BackupAlbums(t *testing.T) {
--- a/internal/config/config_db.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_db.go
@@ -10,10 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
-	_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
-	_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/sqlite"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
+	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity/migrate"
@@ -22,12 +24,11 @@ import (
 )

 // SQL Databases.
-// TODO: PostgreSQL support requires upgrading GORM, so generic column data types can be used.
 const (
 	MySQL    = "mysql"
 	MariaDB  = "mariadb"
 	Postgres = "postgres"
-	SQLite3  = "sqlite3"
+	SQLite3  = "sqlite"
 )

 // SQLite default DSNs.
@@ -36,13 +37,21 @@ const (
 	SQLiteMemoryDSN = ":memory:"
 )

+var drivers = map[string]func(string) gorm.Dialector{
+	MySQL:    mysql.Open,
+	SQLite3:  sqlite.Open,
+	Postgres: postgres.Open,
+}
+
 // DatabaseDriver returns the database driver name.
 func (c *Config) DatabaseDriver() string {
 	switch strings.ToLower(c.options.DatabaseDriver) {
 	case MySQL, MariaDB:
 		c.options.DatabaseDriver = MySQL
-	case SQLite3, "sqlite", "test", "file", "":
+	case SQLite3, "sqlite3", "test", "file", "":
 		c.options.DatabaseDriver = SQLite3
+	case Postgres:
+		c.options.DatabaseDriver = Postgres
 	case "tidb":
 		log.Warnf("config: database driver 'tidb' is deprecated, using sqlite")
 		c.options.DatabaseDriver = SQLite3
@@ -61,8 +70,10 @@ func (c *Config) DatabaseDriverName() string {
 	switch c.DatabaseDriver() {
 	case MySQL, MariaDB:
 		return "MariaDB"
-	case SQLite3, "sqlite", "test", "file", "":
+	case SQLite3, "sqlite3", "test", "file", "":
 		return "SQLite"
+	case Postgres:
+		return "PostgreSQL"
 	case "tidb":
 		return "TiDB"
 	default:
@@ -124,16 +135,16 @@ func (c *Config) DatabaseDsn() string {
 			)
 		case Postgres:
 			return fmt.Sprintf(
-				"user=%s password=%s dbname=%s host=%s port=%d connect_timeout=%d sslmode=disable TimeZone=UTC",
+				"postgresql://%s:%s@%s:%d/%s?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=%d&lock_timeout=50000&sslmode=disable",
 				c.DatabaseUser(),
 				c.DatabasePassword(),
-				c.DatabaseName(),
 				c.DatabaseHost(),
 				c.DatabasePort(),
+				c.DatabaseName(),
 				c.DatabaseTimeout(),
 			)
 		case SQLite3:
-			return filepath.Join(c.StoragePath(), "index.db?_busy_timeout=5000")
+			return filepath.Join(c.StoragePath(), "index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on")
 		default:
 			log.Errorf("config: empty database dsn")
 			return ""
@@ -189,9 +200,17 @@ func (c *Config) DatabaseHost() string {
 	return c.options.DatabaseServer
 }

+// Get the port based on the database driver Postgres vs MySQL/MariaDB
+func (c *Config) _DefaultDatabasePort() int {
+	if c.DatabaseDriver() == Postgres {
+		return 5432
+	}
+	return 3306
+}
+
 // DatabasePort the database server port.
 func (c *Config) DatabasePort() int {
-	const defaultPort = 3306
+	defaultPort := c._DefaultDatabasePort()

 	if server := c.DatabaseServer(); server == "" {
 		return 0
@@ -322,11 +341,16 @@ func (c *Config) Db() *gorm.DB {
 // CloseDb closes the db connection (if any).
 func (c *Config) CloseDb() error {
 	if c.db != nil {
-		if err := c.db.Close(); err == nil {
+		sqldb, dberr := c.db.DB()
+		if dberr != nil {
+			sqldb.Close()
 			c.db = nil
 			entity.SetDbProvider(nil)
 		} else {
-			return err
+			return dberr
+		}
+		if c.pool != nil {
+			c.pool.Close()
 		}
 	}

@@ -424,6 +448,20 @@ func (c *Config) checkDb(db *gorm.DB) error {
 		} else if !c.IsDatabaseVersion("v10.5.12") {
 			return fmt.Errorf("config: MariaDB %s is not supported, see https://docs.photoprism.app/getting-started/#databases", c.dbVersion)
 		}
+	case Postgres:
+		var versions []string
+		err := db.Raw("SELECT VERSION() AS Value").Pluck("value", &versions).Error
+		// Version query not supported.
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Tracef("config: failed to detect database version (%s)", err)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		c.dbVersion = clean.Version(versions[0])
+
+		if c.dbVersion == "" {
+			log.Warnf("config: unknown database server version")
+		}
 	case SQLite3:
 		type Res struct {
 			Value string `gorm:"column:Value;"`
@@ -449,6 +487,26 @@ func (c *Config) checkDb(db *gorm.DB) error {
 	return nil
 }

+// Configure database logging.
+func gormConfig() *gorm.Config {
+	return &gorm.Config{
+		Logger: logger.New(
+			log, // This should be dummy.NewLogger(), to match GORM1.  Set to log before release...
+			logger.Config{
+				SlowThreshold:             time.Second,  // Slow SQL threshold
+				LogLevel:                  logger.Error, // Log level  <-- This should be Silent to match GORM1, set to Error before release...
+				IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: true,         // Ignore ErrRecordNotFound error for logger
+				ParameterizedQueries:      true,         // Don't include params in the SQL log
+				Colorful:                  false,        // Disable color
+			},
+		),
+		// Set UTC as the default for created and updated timestamps.
+		NowFunc: func() time.Time {
+			return time.Now().UTC()
+		},
+	}
+}
+
 // connectDb establishes a database connection.
 func (c *Config) connectDb() error {
 	// Make sure this is not running twice.
@@ -468,12 +526,28 @@ func (c *Config) connectDb() error {
 	}

 	// Open database connection.
-	db, err := gorm.Open(dbDriver, dbDsn)
+	var db *gorm.DB
+	var err error
+	if dbDriver == Postgres {
+		postgresDB, pgxPool := entity.OpenPostgreSQL(dbDsn)
+		c.pool = pgxPool
+		db, err = gorm.Open(postgres.New(postgres.Config{Conn: postgresDB}), gormConfig())
+	} else {
+		c.pool = nil
+		db, err = gorm.Open(drivers[dbDriver](dbDsn), gormConfig())
+	}
 	if err != nil || db == nil {
 		log.Infof("config: waiting for the database to become available")

 		for i := 1; i <= 12; i++ {
-			db, err = gorm.Open(dbDriver, dbDsn)
+			if dbDriver == Postgres {
+				postgresDB, pgxPool := entity.OpenPostgreSQL(dbDsn)
+				c.pool = pgxPool
+				db, err = gorm.Open(postgres.New(postgres.Config{Conn: postgresDB}), gormConfig())
+			} else {
+				c.pool = nil
+				db, err = gorm.Open(drivers[dbDriver](dbDsn), gormConfig())
+			}

 			if db != nil && err == nil {
 				break
@@ -488,13 +562,19 @@ func (c *Config) connectDb() error {
 	}

 	// Configure database logging.
-	db.LogMode(false)
-	db.SetLogger(log)
+	//db.LogMode(false)
+	//db.SetLogger(log)

 	// Set database connection parameters.
-	db.DB().SetMaxOpenConns(c.DatabaseConns())
-	db.DB().SetMaxIdleConns(c.DatabaseConnsIdle())
-	db.DB().SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Hour)
+	if dbDriver != Postgres {
+		sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(c.DatabaseConns())
+		sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(c.DatabaseConnsIdle())
+		sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(time.Hour)
+	}

 	// Check database server version.
 	if err = c.checkDb(db); err != nil {
--- a/internal/config/config_db_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_db_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 )

 func TestConfig_DatabaseDriver(t *testing.T) {
@@ -30,8 +32,18 @@ func TestConfig_DatabaseVersion(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_DatabaseSsl(t *testing.T) {
 	c := TestConfig()
-
-	assert.False(t, c.DatabaseSsl())
+	driver := c.DatabaseDriverName()
+	switch driver {
+	case "SQLite":
+		assert.False(t, c.DatabaseSsl())
+	case "MariaDB":
+		assert.True(t, c.DatabaseSsl())
+	case "PostgreSQL":
+		assert.False(t, c.DatabaseSsl())
+	default:
+		assert.Empty(t, driver)
+		assert.Fail(t, "driver not recognised")
+	}
 }

 func TestConfig_ParseDatabaseDsn(t *testing.T) {
@@ -94,8 +106,8 @@ func TestConfig_DatabasePortString(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_DatabaseName(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000", c.DatabaseName())
+	expected := "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on"
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, c.DatabaseName())
 }

 func TestConfig_DatabaseUser(t *testing.T) {
@@ -129,13 +141,13 @@ func TestConfig_DatabaseDsn(t *testing.T) {
 	c.options.DatabaseDriver = "MariaDB"
 	assert.Equal(t, "photoprism:@tcp(localhost)/photoprism?charset=utf8mb4,utf8&collation=utf8mb4_unicode_ci&parseTime=true&timeout=15s", c.DatabaseDsn())
 	c.options.DatabaseDriver = "tidb"
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000", c.DatabaseDsn())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on", c.DatabaseDsn())
 	c.options.DatabaseDriver = "Postgres"
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000", c.DatabaseDsn())
+	assert.Equal(t, "postgresql://photoprism:@localhost:5432/photoprism?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=50000&sslmode=disable", c.DatabaseDsn())
 	c.options.DatabaseDriver = "SQLite"
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000", c.DatabaseDsn())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on", c.DatabaseDsn())
 	c.options.DatabaseDriver = ""
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000", c.DatabaseDsn())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on", c.DatabaseDsn())
 }

 func TestConfig_DatabaseFile(t *testing.T) {
@@ -144,8 +156,8 @@ func TestConfig_DatabaseFile(t *testing.T) {
 	driver := c.DatabaseDriver()
 	assert.Equal(t, SQLite3, driver)
 	c.options.DatabaseDsn = ""
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db", c.DatabaseFile())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000", c.DatabaseDsn())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/index.db", c.DatabaseFile())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/index.db?_busy_timeout=5000&_foreign_keys=on", c.DatabaseDsn())
 }

 func TestConfig_DatabaseTimeout(t *testing.T) {
--- a/internal/config/config_storage.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_storage.go
@@ -673,6 +673,16 @@ func (c *Config) MariadbDumpBin() string {
 	return FindBin("", "mariadb-dump", "mysqldump")
 }

+// PostgreSQLBin returns the PostgreSQL restore executable file name.
+func (c *Config) PostgreSQLRestoreBin() string {
+	return FindBin("", "pg_restore")
+}
+
+// PostgreSQLDumpBin returns the PostgreSQL backup executable file name.
+func (c *Config) PostgreSQLDumpBin() string {
+	return FindBin("", "pg_dump")
+}
+
 // SqliteBin returns the sqlite executable file name.
 func (c *Config) SqliteBin() string {
 	return FindBin("", "sqlite3")
--- a/internal/config/config_storage_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_storage_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/fs"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/rnd"
 )
@@ -24,11 +25,11 @@ func TestConfig_FindBin(t *testing.T) {
 func TestConfig_SidecarPath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

-	assert.Contains(t, c.SidecarPath(), "testdata/sidecar")
+	assert.Contains(t, c.SidecarPath(), "testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/sidecar")
 	c.options.SidecarPath = ".photoprism"
 	assert.Equal(t, ".photoprism", c.SidecarPath())
 	c.options.SidecarPath = ""
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/sidecar", c.SidecarPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/sidecar", c.SidecarPath())
 }

 func TestConfig_SidecarYaml(t *testing.T) {
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ func TestConfig_TempPath(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Logf("c.options.TempPath: '%s'", c.options.TempPath)
 	t.Logf("c.tempPath(): '%s'", d0)

-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/temp", c.tempPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/temp", c.tempPath())

 	c.options.TempPath = ""

@@ -190,22 +191,22 @@ func TestConfig_CmdLibPath(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_CachePath2(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/cache", c.CachePath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/cache", c.CachePath())
 	c.options.CachePath = ""
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/cache", c.CachePath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/cache", c.CachePath())
 }

 func TestConfig_StoragePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata", c.StoragePath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName(), c.StoragePath())
 	c.options.StoragePath = ""
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/originals/.photoprism/storage", c.StoragePath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/originals/.photoprism/storage", c.StoragePath())
 }

 func TestConfig_TestdataPath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/testdata", c.TestdataPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/testdata", c.TestdataPath())
 }

 func TestConfig_AlbumsPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -216,13 +217,13 @@ func TestConfig_AlbumsPath(t *testing.T) {
 	// If this test fails, please manually move “albums” to the “backup” folder
 	// in the “storage/testdata” directory within your development environment:
 	// https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism/discussions/4520
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/backup/albums", c.BackupAlbumsPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/backup/albums", c.BackupAlbumsPath())
 }

 func TestConfig_OriginalsAlbumsPath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/originals/albums", c.OriginalsAlbumsPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/originals/albums", c.OriginalsAlbumsPath())
 }

 func TestConfig_CreateDirectories(t *testing.T) {
@@ -422,21 +423,21 @@ func TestConfig_CreateDirectories2(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_PIDFilename2(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/photoprism.pid", c.PIDFilename())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/photoprism.pid", c.PIDFilename())
 	c.options.PIDFilename = "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config/testdata/test.pid"
 	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config/testdata/test.pid", c.PIDFilename())
 }

 func TestConfig_LogFilename2(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/photoprism.log", c.LogFilename())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/photoprism.log", c.LogFilename())
 	c.options.LogFilename = "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config/testdata/test.log"
 	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config/testdata/test.log", c.LogFilename())
 }

 func TestConfig_OriginalsPath2(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/originals", c.OriginalsPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/originals", c.OriginalsPath())
 	c.options.OriginalsPath = ""
 	if s := c.OriginalsPath(); s != "" && s != "/photoprism/originals" {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected originals path: %s", s)
@@ -454,7 +455,7 @@ func TestConfig_OriginalsDeletable(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_ImportPath2(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/import", c.ImportPath())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/import", c.ImportPath())
 	c.options.ImportPath = ""
 	if s := c.ImportPath(); s != "" && s != "/photoprism/import" {
 		t.Errorf("unexpected import path: %s", s)
--- a/internal/config/config_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/testextras"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/fs"
 )

@@ -18,10 +20,22 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 	log = logrus.StandardLogger()
 	log.SetLevel(logrus.TraceLevel)

+	caller := "internal/config/config_test.go/TestMain"
+	dbc, err := testextras.AcquireDBMutex(log, caller)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("FAIL")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer testextras.UnlockDBMutex(dbc.Db())
+
 	c := TestConfig()
 	defer c.CloseDb()

+	beforeTimestamp := time.Now().UTC()
 	code := m.Run()
+	code = testextras.ValidateDBErrors(dbc.Db(), log, beforeTimestamp, code)
+
+	testextras.ReleaseDBMutex(dbc.Db(), log, caller, code)

 	os.Exit(code)
 }
@@ -126,14 +140,14 @@ func TestConfig_OptionsYaml(t *testing.T) {

 func TestConfig_PIDFilename(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-
-	assert.Contains(t, c.PIDFilename(), "/storage/testdata/photoprism.pid")
+	expected := "/storage/testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/photoprism.pid"
+	assert.Contains(t, c.PIDFilename(), expected)
 }

 func TestConfig_LogFilename(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

-	assert.Contains(t, c.LogFilename(), "/storage/testdata/photoprism.log")
+	assert.Contains(t, c.LogFilename(), "/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/photoprism.log")
 }

 func TestConfig_DetachServer(t *testing.T) {
@@ -148,7 +162,7 @@ func TestConfig_OriginalsPath(t *testing.T) {

 	result := c.OriginalsPath()
 	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(result, "/"))
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(result, "/storage/testdata/originals"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(result, "/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/originals"))
 }

 func TestConfig_ImportPath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -156,20 +170,20 @@ func TestConfig_ImportPath(t *testing.T) {

 	result := c.ImportPath()
 	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(result, "/"))
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(result, "/storage/testdata/import"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(result, "/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/import"))
 }

 func TestConfig_CachePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(c.CachePath(), "storage/testdata/cache"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(c.CachePath(), "storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/cache"))
 }

 func TestConfig_MediaCachePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

 	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(c.MediaCachePath(), "/"))
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(c.MediaCachePath(), "storage/testdata/cache/media"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(c.MediaCachePath(), "storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/cache/media"))
 }

 func TestConfig_MediaFileCachePath(t *testing.T) {
@@ -184,7 +198,7 @@ func TestConfig_ThumbCachePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

 	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(c.ThumbCachePath(), "/"))
-	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(c.ThumbCachePath(), "storage/testdata/cache/thumbnails"))
+	assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(c.ThumbCachePath(), "storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/cache/thumbnails"))
 }

 func TestConfig_AdminUser(t *testing.T) {
@@ -257,14 +271,15 @@ func TestConfig_ThemePath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

 	path := c.ThemePath()
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/config/theme", path)
+	expected := "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/config/theme"
+	assert.Equal(t, expected, path)
 }

 func TestConfig_PortalPath(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())

 	path := c.PortalPath()
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/config/portal", path)
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/config/portal", path)
 }

 func TestConfig_IndexWorkers(t *testing.T) {
--- a/internal/config/config_vision_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/config_vision_test.go
@@ -5,11 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 )

 func TestConfig_VisionYaml(t *testing.T) {
 	c := NewConfig(CliTestContext())
-	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/config/vision.yml", c.VisionYaml())
+	assert.Equal(t, "/go/src/github.com/photoprism/photoprism/storage/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/config/vision.yml", c.VisionYaml())
 }

 func TestConfig_VisionApi(t *testing.T) {
--- a/internal/config/customize/settings_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/customize/settings_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 )

 func TestNewSettings(t *testing.T) {
@@ -87,13 +89,15 @@ func TestSettings_Save(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "onyx", s.UI.Theme)
 		assert.Equal(t, "de", s.UI.Language)

-		if err := s.Save("testdata/settings_tmp.yml"); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Mkdir("testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName(), os.ModePerm)
+		if err := s.Save("testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/settings_tmp.yml"); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}

-		if err := os.Remove("testdata/settings_tmp.yml"); err != nil {
+		if err := os.Remove("testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/settings_tmp.yml"); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
+		_ = os.Remove("testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName())
 	})
 }

--- a/internal/config/dsn.go
+++ b/internal/config/dsn.go
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package config

-import "regexp"
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+)

 // dsnPattern is a regular expression matching a database DSN string.
 var dsnPattern = regexp.MustCompile(
@@ -36,27 +41,81 @@ func (d *DSN) Parse(dsn string) {
 	matches := dsnPattern.FindStringSubmatch(dsn)
 	names := dsnPattern.SubexpNames()

-	for i, match := range matches {
-		switch names[i] {
-		case "driver":
-			d.Driver = match
-		case "user":
-			d.User = match
-		case "password":
-			d.Password = match
-		case "net":
-			d.Net = match
-		case "server":
-			d.Server = match
-		case "name":
-			d.Name = match
-		case "params":
-			d.Params = match
+	if len(matches) > 0 {
+		for i, match := range matches {
+			switch names[i] {
+			case "driver":
+				d.Driver = match
+			case "user":
+				d.User = match
+			case "password":
+				d.Password = match
+			case "net":
+				d.Net = match
+			case "server":
+				d.Server = match
+			case "name":
+				d.Name = match
+			case "params":
+				d.Params = match
+			}
+		}
+
+		if d.Net != "" && d.Server == "" {
+			d.Server = d.Net
+			d.Net = ""
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Assume we have a PostgreSQL key value pair connection string.
+		lastQuote := rune(0)
+		smartSplit := func(char rune) bool {
+			switch {
+			case char == lastQuote:
+				lastQuote = rune(0)
+				return false
+			case lastQuote != rune(0):
+				return false
+			case unicode.In(char, unicode.Quotation_Mark):
+				lastQuote = char
+				return false
+			default:
+				return unicode.IsSpace(char)
+			}
+		}
+		pairs := strings.FieldsFunc(dsn, smartSplit)
+		params := url.Values{}
+		host := ""
+		port := ""
+
+		for _, pair := range pairs {
+			splitPair := strings.Split(pair, "=")
+			switch strings.ToLower(splitPair[0]) {
+			case "host":
+				host = splitPair[1]
+			case "port":
+				port = splitPair[1]
+			case "user":
+				d.User = splitPair[1]
+			case "password":
+				d.Password = splitPair[1]
+			case "dbname":
+				d.Name = splitPair[1]
+			default:
+				params.Add(splitPair[0], splitPair[1])
+			}
+		}
+		d.Params = params.Encode()
+
+		if len(host) > 0 && len(port) > 0 {
+			d.Server = host + ":" + port
+		} else if len(host) > 0 {
+			d.Server = host
+		} else {
+			d.Server = ""
+		}
+
+		if len(pairs) > 1 {
+			d.Driver = "postgresql"
 		}
 	}
-
-	if d.Net != "" && d.Server == "" {
-		d.Server = d.Net
-		d.Net = ""
-	}
 }
--- a/internal/config/dsn_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/dsn_test.go
@@ -58,4 +58,43 @@ func TestNewDSN(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "my_db", dsn.Name)
 		assert.Equal(t, "", dsn.Params)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("PostgreSQL URI 1", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dsn := NewDSN("postgresql://john:pass@postgres:5432/my_db?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "postgresql", dsn.Driver)
+		assert.Equal(t, "john", dsn.User)
+		assert.Equal(t, "pass", dsn.Password)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", dsn.Net)
+		assert.Equal(t, "postgres:5432", dsn.Server)
+		assert.Equal(t, "my_db", dsn.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable", dsn.Params)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PostgreSQL URI 2", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dsn := NewDSN("postgres://john:pass@postgres:5432/my_db?TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "postgres", dsn.Driver)
+		assert.Equal(t, "john", dsn.User)
+		assert.Equal(t, "pass", dsn.Password)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", dsn.Net)
+		assert.Equal(t, "postgres:5432", dsn.Server)
+		assert.Equal(t, "my_db", dsn.Name)
+		assert.Equal(t, "TimeZone=UTC&connect_timeout=15&lock_timeout=5000&sslmode=disable", dsn.Params)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("PostgreSQL Keywords", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dsn := NewDSN("host=postgres port=5432 dbname=my_db user=john password=pass connect_timeout=15 sslmode=disable TimeZone=UTC application_name='Photo Prism'")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "postgresql", dsn.Driver)
+		assert.Equal(t, "john", dsn.User)
+		assert.Equal(t, "pass", dsn.Password)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", dsn.Net)
+		assert.Equal(t, "postgres:5432", dsn.Server)
+		assert.Equal(t, "my_db", dsn.Name)
+		assert.Contains(t, dsn.Params, "connect_timeout=15")
+		assert.Contains(t, dsn.Params, "sslmode=disable")
+		assert.Contains(t, dsn.Params, "TimeZone=UTC")
+		assert.Contains(t, dsn.Params, "application_name=%27Photo+Prism%27")
+	})
 }
--- a/internal/config/flags.go
+++ b/internal/config/flags.go
@@ -763,14 +763,14 @@ var Flags = CliFlags{
 		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:    "database-driver",
 			Aliases: []string{"db"},
-			Usage:   "database `DRIVER` (sqlite, mysql)",
+			Usage:   "database `DRIVER` (sqlite, mysql, postgres)",
 			Value:   "sqlite",
 			EnvVars: EnvVars("DATABASE_DRIVER"),
 		}}, {
 		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:    "database-dsn",
 			Aliases: []string{"dsn"},
-			Usage:   "database connection `DSN` (sqlite file, optional for mysql)",
+			Usage:   "database connection `DSN` (sqlite file, optional for mysql and postgres)",
 			EnvVars: EnvVars("DATABASE_DSN"),
 		}}, {
 		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
@@ -1107,6 +1107,45 @@ var Flags = CliFlags{
 			EnvVars:   EnvVars("LOG_FILENAME"),
 			TakesFile: true,
 		}}, {
+		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "transfer-driver",
+			Aliases: []string{"tfr-db"},
+			Usage:   "database `DRIVER` (sqlite, mysql)",
+			Value:   "sqlite",
+			EnvVars: EnvVars("TRANSFER_DRIVER"),
+		}}, {
+		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "transfer-dsn",
+			Aliases: []string{"tfr-dsn"},
+			Usage:   "database connection `DSN` (sqlite file, optional for mysql)",
+			EnvVars: EnvVars("TRANSFER_DSN"),
+		}}, {
+		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "transfer-name",
+			Aliases: []string{"tfr-db-name"},
+			Value:   "photoprism",
+			Usage:   "database schema `NAME`",
+			EnvVars: EnvVars("TRANSFER_NAME"),
+		}}, {
+		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "transfer-server",
+			Aliases: []string{"tfr-db-server"},
+			Usage:   "database `HOST` incl. port e.g. \"mariadb:3306\" (or socket path)",
+			EnvVars: EnvVars("TRANSFER_SERVER"),
+		}}, {
+		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "transfer-user",
+			Aliases: []string{"tfr-db-user"},
+			Value:   "photoprism",
+			Usage:   "database user `NAME`",
+			EnvVars: EnvVars("TRANSFER_USER"),
+		}}, {
+		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "transfer-password",
+			Aliases: []string{"tfr-db-pass"},
+			Usage:   "database user `PASSWORD`",
+			EnvVars: EnvVars("TRANSFER_PASSWORD"),
+		}}, {
 		Flag: &cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:    "portal-url",
 			Usage:   "PhotoPrism® Portal server `URL`",
--- a/internal/config/options.go
+++ b/internal/config/options.go
@@ -224,6 +224,12 @@ type Options struct {
 	PortalSecret           string        `yaml:"PortalSecret" json:"-" flag:"portal-secret"`
 	InstanceRoles          string        `yaml:"InstanceRoles" json:"-" flag:"instance-roles"`
 	InstanceSecret         string        `yaml:"InstanceSecret" json:"-" flag:"instance-secret"`
+	DBTransferDriver       string        `yaml:"DBTransferDriver" json:"-" flag:"transfer-driver"`
+	DBTransferDsn          string        `yaml:"DBTransferDsn" json:"-" flag:"transfer-dsn"`
+	DBTransferName         string        `yaml:"DBTransferName" json:"-" flag:"transfer-name"`
+	DBTransferServer       string        `yaml:"DBTransferServer" json:"-" flag:"transfer-server"`
+	DBTransferUser         string        `yaml:"DBTransferUser" json:"-" flag:"transfer-user"`
+	DBTransferPassword     string        `yaml:"DBTransferPassword" json:"-" flag:"transfer-password"`
 }

 // NewOptions creates a new configuration entity by using two methods:
--- a/internal/config/test.go
+++ b/internal/config/test.go
@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ import (

 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"

-	_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql"
-	_ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/sqlite"
-
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/config/customize"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/thumb"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/capture"
@@ -56,11 +54,11 @@ func NewTestOptions(pkg string) *Options {
 		storagePath = fs.Abs("../../storage")
 	}

-	dataPath := filepath.Join(storagePath, "testdata")
-
 	pkg = PkgNameRegexp.ReplaceAllString(pkg, "")
-	driver := os.Getenv("PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DRIVER")
-	dsn := os.Getenv("PHOTOPRISM_TEST_DSN")
+	driver, dsn := functions.PhotoPrismTestToDriverDsn()
+
+	// enforce folder separation for testdata folders to prevent parallel tests of DBMS' clashing
+	dataPath := filepath.Join(storagePath, "testdata", functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName())

 	// Config example for MySQL / MariaDB:
 	//   driver = MySQL,
@@ -74,17 +72,19 @@ func NewTestOptions(pkg string) *Options {
 	// Set default database DSN.
 	if driver == SQLite3 {
 		if dsn == "" && pkg != "" {
-			if dsn = fmt.Sprintf(".%s.db", clean.TypeLower(pkg)); !fs.FileExists(dsn) {
-				log.Debugf("sqlite: test database %s does not already exist", clean.Log(dsn))
-			} else if err := os.Remove(dsn); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("sqlite: failed to remove existing test database %s (%s)", clean.Log(dsn), err)
+			dsnFile := fmt.Sprintf(".%s.db", clean.TypeLower(pkg))
+			dsn = fmt.Sprintf("%s?_foreign_keys=on", dsnFile)
+			if !fs.FileExists(dsnFile) {
+				log.Debugf("sqlite: test database %s does not already exist", clean.Log(dsnFile))
+			} else if err := os.Remove(dsnFile); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("sqlite: failed to remove existing test database %s (%s)", clean.Log(dsnFile), err)
 			}
 		} else if dsn == "" || dsn == SQLiteTestDB {
-			dsn = SQLiteTestDB
-			if !fs.FileExists(dsn) {
-				log.Debugf("sqlite: test database %s does not already exist", clean.Log(dsn))
-			} else if err := os.Remove(dsn); err != nil {
-				log.Errorf("sqlite: failed to remove existing test database %s (%s)", clean.Log(dsn), err)
+			dsn = fmt.Sprintf("%s?_foreign_keys=on", SQLiteTestDB)
+			if !fs.FileExists(SQLiteTestDB) {
+				log.Debugf("sqlite: test database %s does not already exist", clean.Log(SQLiteTestDB))
+			} else if err := os.Remove(SQLiteTestDB); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("sqlite: failed to remove existing test database %s (%s)", clean.Log(SQLiteTestDB), err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
--- a/internal/config/test_test.go
+++ b/internal/config/test_test.go
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ package config
 import (
 	"testing"

-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/fs"
 )
--- a/internal/dbbuilder/generate.go
+++ b/internal/dbbuilder/generate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,845 @@
+//go:build ignore
+// +build ignore
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"math/rand/v2"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
+
+	"github.com/jackc/pgx/v5/pgxpool"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/ai/classify"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity/migrate"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/fs"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/media"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/rnd"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/txt"
+)
+
+var drivers = map[string]func(string) gorm.Dialector{
+	MySQL:   mysql.Open,
+	SQLite3: sqlite.Open,
+}
+
+var log = event.Log
+
+// Log logs the error if any and keeps quiet otherwise.
+func Log(model, action string, err error) {
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("%s: %s (%s)", model, err, action)
+	}
+}
+
+// UTC returns the current Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
+func UTC() time.Time {
+	return time.Now().UTC()
+}
+
+// Now returns the current time in UTC, truncated to seconds.
+func Now() time.Time {
+	return UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
+}
+
+// Db returns the default *gorm.DB connection.
+func Db() *gorm.DB {
+	if dbConn == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return dbConn.Db()
+}
+
+// UnscopedDb returns an unscoped *gorm.DB connection
+// that returns all records including deleted records.
+func UnscopedDb() *gorm.DB {
+	return Db().Unscoped()
+}
+
+// Supported test databases.
+const (
+	MySQL           = "mysql"
+	SQLite3         = "sqlite"
+	SQLiteTestDB    = ".test.db"
+	SQLiteMemoryDSN = ":memory:?cache=shared"
+)
+
+// dbConn is the global gorm.DB connection provider.
+var dbConn Gorm
+
+// Gorm is a gorm.DB connection provider interface.
+type Gorm interface {
+	Db() *gorm.DB
+}
+
+// DbConn is a gorm.DB connection provider.
+type DbConn struct {
+	Driver string
+	Dsn    string
+
+	once sync.Once
+	db   *gorm.DB
+	pool *pgxpool.Pool
+}
+
+// Db returns the gorm db connection.
+func (g *DbConn) Db() *gorm.DB {
+	g.once.Do(g.Open)
+
+	if g.db == nil {
+		log.Fatal("migrate: database not connected")
+	}
+
+	return g.db
+}
+
+// Open creates a new gorm db connection.
+func (g *DbConn) Open() {
+	log.Infof("Opening DB connection with driver %s", g.Driver)
+	var db *gorm.DB
+	var err error
+	if g.Driver == entity.Postgres {
+		postgresDB, pgxPool := entity.OpenPostgreSQL(g.Dsn)
+		g.pool = pgxPool
+		db, err = gorm.Open(postgres.New(postgres.Config{Conn: postgresDB}), gormConfig())
+	} else {
+		db, err = gorm.Open(drivers[g.Driver](g.Dsn), gormConfig())
+	}
+
+	if err != nil || db == nil {
+		for i := 1; i <= 12; i++ {
+			fmt.Printf("gorm.Open(%s, %s) %d\n", g.Driver, g.Dsn, i)
+			if g.Driver == entity.Postgres {
+				postgresDB, pgxPool := entity.OpenPostgreSQL(g.Dsn)
+				g.pool = pgxPool
+				db, err = gorm.Open(postgres.New(postgres.Config{Conn: postgresDB}), gormConfig())
+			} else {
+				db, err = gorm.Open(drivers[g.Driver](g.Dsn), gormConfig())
+			}
+
+			if db != nil && err == nil {
+				break
+			} else {
+				time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err != nil || db == nil {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	log.Info("DB connection established successfully")
+
+	if g.Driver != entity.Postgres {
+		sqlDB, _ := db.DB()
+
+		sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(4)   // in config_db it uses c.DatabaseConnsIdle(), but we don't have the c here.
+		sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(256) // in config_db it uses c.DatabaseConns(), but we don't have the c here.
+	}
+
+	g.db = db
+}
+
+// Close closes the gorm db connection.
+func (g *DbConn) Close() {
+	if g.db != nil {
+		sqlDB, _ := g.db.DB()
+		if err := sqlDB.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		g.db = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func gormConfig() *gorm.Config {
+	return &gorm.Config{
+		Logger: logger.New(
+			log,
+			logger.Config{
+				SlowThreshold:             time.Second,  // Slow SQL threshold
+				LogLevel:                  logger.Error, // Log level
+				IgnoreRecordNotFoundError: true,         // Ignore ErrRecordNotFound error for logger
+				ParameterizedQueries:      true,         // Don't include params in the SQL log
+				Colorful:                  false,        // Disable color
+			},
+		),
+		// Set UTC as the default for created and updated timestamps.
+		NowFunc: func() time.Time {
+			return UTC()
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// IsDialect returns true if the given sql dialect is used.
+func IsDialect(name string) bool {
+	return name == Db().Dialector.Name()
+}
+
+// DbDialect returns the sql dialect name.
+func DbDialect() string {
+	return Db().Dialector.Name()
+}
+
+// SetDbProvider sets the Gorm database connection provider.
+func SetDbProvider(conn Gorm) {
+	dbConn = conn
+}
+
+// HasDbProvider returns true if a db provider exists.
+func HasDbProvider() bool {
+	return dbConn != nil
+}
+
+var characterRunes = []rune("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789")
+
+func randomSHA1() string {
+	result := make([]rune, 32)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = characterRunes[rand.IntN(len(characterRunes))]
+	}
+	return string(result)
+}
+
+func main() {
+	var (
+		numberOfPhotos int
+		driver         string
+		dsn            string
+		dropdb         bool
+		sqlitescript   bool
+	)
+
+	log = logrus.StandardLogger()
+	log.SetLevel(logrus.TraceLevel)
+	event.AuditLog = log
+
+	flag.IntVar(&numberOfPhotos, "numberOfPhotos", 0, "Number of photos to generate")
+	flag.StringVar(&driver, "driver", "sqlite", "GORM driver to use.  Choose from sqlite, mysql and postgres")
+	flag.StringVar(&dsn, "dsn", "testdb.db", "DSN to access the database")
+	flag.BoolVar(&dropdb, "dropdb", false, "Drop/Delete the database")
+	flag.BoolVar(&sqlitescript, "sqlitescript", true, "Create an SQLite database from script")
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	if numberOfPhotos < 1 {
+		flag.PrintDefaults()
+		log.Errorf("Number of photos is not enough %d", numberOfPhotos)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := drivers[driver]; ok == false {
+		flag.PrintDefaults()
+		log.Errorf("driver %v is not valid", driver)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	if len(dsn) < 3 {
+		flag.PrintDefaults()
+		log.Errorf("dsn %v is to short", dsn)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	// Set default test database driver.
+	if driver == "test" || driver == "sqlite" || driver == "" || dsn == "" {
+		driver = SQLite3
+	}
+
+	// Set default database DSN.
+	if driver == SQLite3 {
+		if dsn == "" {
+			dsn = SQLiteMemoryDSN
+		}
+	}
+
+	allowDelete := dropdb
+	if driver == MySQL && allowDelete {
+		basedsn := dsn[0 : strings.Index(dsn, "/")+1]
+		basedbname := dsn[strings.Index(dsn, "/")+1 : strings.Index(dsn, "?")]
+		log.Infof("Connecting to %v", basedsn)
+		database, err := gorm.Open(mysql.Open(basedsn), &gorm.Config{})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Unable to connect to MariaDB %v", err)
+		}
+		log.Infof("Dropping database %v if it exists", basedbname)
+		if res := database.Exec("DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS " + basedbname + ";"); res.Error != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Unable to drop database %v", res.Error)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("Creating database %v if it doesnt exist", basedbname)
+		if res := database.Exec("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS " + basedbname + ";"); res.Error != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Unable to create database %v", res.Error)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	}
+	if driver == SQLite3 && dsn != SQLiteMemoryDSN && allowDelete {
+		filename := dsn
+		if strings.Index(dsn, "?") > 0 {
+			if strings.Index(dsn, ":") > 0 {
+				filename = dsn[strings.Index(dsn, ":")+1 : strings.Index(dsn, "?")]
+			} else {
+				filename = dsn[0:strings.Index(dsn, "?")]
+			}
+		}
+		log.Infof("Removing file %v", filename)
+		os.Remove(filename)
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("Connecting to driver %v with dsn %v", driver, dsn)
+	// Create gorm.DB connection provider.
+	db := &DbConn{
+		Driver: driver,
+		Dsn:    dsn,
+	}
+	defer db.Close()
+
+	SetDbProvider(db)
+
+	// Disable journal to speed up.
+	if driver == SQLite3 {
+		Db().Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=OFF")
+	}
+
+	start := time.Now()
+
+	log.Info("Create PhotoPrism tables if they don't exist")
+	// Run migration if the photos table doesn't exist.
+	// Otherwise assume that we have a valid structured database.
+	photoCounter := int64(0)
+	if err := Db().Model(&entity.Photo{}).Count(&photoCounter).Error; err != nil {
+		// Handle SQLite differently as it does table recreates on initial migrate, so we need to be able to simulate that.
+		if driver == SQLite3 && sqlitescript {
+			filename := dsn
+			if strings.Index(dsn, "?") > 0 {
+				if strings.Index(dsn, ":") > 0 {
+					filename = dsn[strings.Index(dsn, ":")+1 : strings.Index(dsn, "?")]
+				} else {
+					filename = dsn[0:strings.Index(dsn, "?")]
+				}
+			}
+
+			var cmd *exec.Cmd
+
+			bashCmd := fmt.Sprintf("cat ./sqlite3.sql | sqlite3 %s", filename)
+
+			cmd = exec.Command("bash", "-c", bashCmd)
+
+			// Write to stdout or file.
+			var f *os.File
+			log.Infof("restore: creating database tables from script")
+			f = os.Stdout
+			var stderr bytes.Buffer
+			cmd.Stderr = &stderr
+			cmd.Stdout = f
+
+			// Log exact command for debugging in trace mode.
+			log.Debug(cmd.String())
+
+			// Run restore command.
+			if cmdErr := cmd.Run(); cmdErr != nil {
+				if errStr := strings.TrimSpace(stderr.String()); errStr != "" {
+					log.Error(errStr)
+					os.Exit(1)
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			entity.Entities.Migrate(Db(), migrate.Opt(true, false, nil))
+			if err := entity.Entities.WaitForMigration(Db()); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("migrate: %s [%s]", err, time.Since(start))
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Errorf("The photos table already exists in driver %v dsn %v.\nAborting...", driver, dsn)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	entity.SetDbProvider(dbConn)
+
+	log.Info("Create default fixtures")
+
+	entity.CreateDefaultFixtures()
+
+	// Load the database with data.
+
+	// Create all the labels and keywords that have specific handling in internal/ai/classify/rules.go
+	log.Info("Create labels and keywords")
+	keywords := make(map[string]uint)
+	labels := make(map[string]uint)
+	keywordRandoms := make(map[int]uint)
+	labelRandoms := make(map[int]uint)
+	keywordPos, labelPos := 0, 0
+	for label, rule := range classify.Rules {
+		keyword := entity.Keyword{
+			Keyword: label,
+			Skip:    false,
+		}
+		Db().Create(&keyword)
+		keywords[label] = keyword.ID
+		keywordRandoms[keywordPos] = keyword.ID
+		keywordPos++
+		if rule.Label != "" {
+			if _, found := keywords[rule.Label]; found == false {
+				keyword = entity.Keyword{
+					Keyword: rule.Label,
+					Skip:    false,
+				}
+				Db().Create(&keyword)
+				keywords[rule.Label] = keyword.ID
+				keywordRandoms[keywordPos] = keyword.ID
+				keywordPos++
+			}
+			for _, category := range rule.Categories {
+				if _, found := labels[category]; found == false {
+					labelDb := entity.Label{
+						LabelSlug:        strings.ToLower(category),
+						CustomSlug:       strings.ToLower(category),
+						LabelName:        strings.ToLower(category),
+						LabelPriority:    0,
+						LabelFavorite:    false,
+						LabelDescription: "",
+						LabelNotes:       "",
+						PhotoCount:       0,
+						LabelCategories:  []*entity.Label{},
+						CreatedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
+						UpdatedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
+						DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
+						New:              false,
+					}
+					Db().Create(&labelDb)
+					labels[category] = labelDb.ID
+					labelRandoms[labelPos] = labelDb.ID
+					labelPos++
+				}
+			}
+			if _, found := labels[rule.Label]; found == false {
+				labelDb := entity.Label{
+					LabelSlug:        strings.ToLower(rule.Label),
+					CustomSlug:       strings.ToLower(rule.Label),
+					LabelName:        strings.ToLower(rule.Label),
+					LabelPriority:    0,
+					LabelFavorite:    false,
+					LabelDescription: "",
+					LabelNotes:       "",
+					PhotoCount:       0,
+					LabelCategories:  []*entity.Label{},
+					CreatedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
+					UpdatedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
+					DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
+					New:              false,
+				}
+				Db().Create(&labelDb)
+				labels[rule.Label] = labelDb.ID
+				labelRandoms[labelPos] = labelDb.ID
+				labelPos++
+				for _, category := range rule.Categories {
+					categoryDb := entity.Category{
+						LabelID:    labelDb.ID,
+						CategoryID: labels[category],
+					}
+					Db().Create(&categoryDb)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Create every possible camera and some lenses.  Yeah the data is garbage but it's test data anyway.
+	log.Info("Create cameras and lenses")
+	lensList := [6]string{"Wide Angle", "Fisheye", "Ultra Wide Angle", "Macro", "Super Zoom", "F80"}
+	cameras := make(map[string]uint)
+	lenses := make(map[string]uint)
+	cameraRandoms := make(map[int]uint)
+	lensRandoms := make(map[int]uint)
+	cameraPos, lensPos := 0, 0
+
+	for _, make := range entity.CameraMakes {
+		for _, model := range entity.CameraModels {
+			camera := entity.NewCamera(make, model)
+			if _, found := cameras[camera.CameraSlug]; found == false {
+				Db().Create(camera)
+				cameras[camera.CameraSlug] = camera.ID
+				cameraRandoms[cameraPos] = camera.ID
+				cameraPos++
+			}
+		}
+		for _, model := range lensList {
+			lens := entity.NewLens(make, model)
+			if _, found := lenses[lens.LensSlug]; found == false {
+				Db().Create(lens)
+				lenses[lens.LensSlug] = lens.ID
+				lensRandoms[lensPos] = lens.ID
+				lensPos++
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Load up Countries and Places.
+	log.Info("Create countries and places")
+	countries := make(map[int]string)
+	countryPos := 0
+	places := make(map[int]string)
+	placePos := 0
+
+	PlaceUID := byte('P')
+
+	file, _ := os.Open("../../pkg/txt/resources/countries.txt")
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+	scanner.Split(bufio.ScanLines)
+
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		parts := strings.Split(scanner.Text(), ":")
+
+		if len(parts) < 2 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		country := entity.NewCountry(strings.ToLower(parts[0]), strings.ToLower(parts[1]))
+		counter := int64(0)
+		Db().Model(&entity.Country{}).Where("id = ?", country.ID).Count(&counter)
+		if counter == 0 {
+			Db().Create(country)
+			countries[countryPos] = strings.ToLower(parts[0])
+			countryPos++
+		}
+	}
+
+	for word := range txt.StopWords {
+		placeUID := rnd.GenerateUID(PlaceUID)
+		country := countries[rand.IntN(len(countries))]
+		place := entity.Place{
+			ID:            placeUID,
+			PlaceLabel:    word,
+			PlaceDistrict: word,
+			PlaceCity:     word,
+			PlaceState:    word,
+			PlaceCountry:  country,
+			PlaceKeywords: "",
+			PlaceFavorite: false,
+			PhotoCount:    0,
+			CreatedAt:     time.Now().UTC(),
+			UpdatedAt:     time.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		Db().Create(&place)
+		places[placePos] = placeUID
+		placePos++
+	}
+
+	// Create some Subjects
+	log.Info("Create subjects")
+	subjects := make(map[int]entity.Subject)
+	subjectPos := 0
+
+	for i := 1; i <= 100; i++ {
+		subject := entity.Subject{
+			SubjUID:      rnd.GenerateUID('j'),
+			SubjType:     entity.SubjPerson,
+			SubjSrc:      entity.SrcImage,
+			SubjSlug:     fmt.Sprintf("person-%03d", i),
+			SubjName:     fmt.Sprintf("Person %03d", i),
+			SubjFavorite: false,
+			SubjPrivate:  false,
+			SubjExcluded: false,
+			FileCount:    0,
+			PhotoCount:   0,
+			CreatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+			UpdatedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+			DeletedAt:    gorm.DeletedAt{},
+		}
+		Db().Create(&subject)
+		subjects[subjectPos] = subject
+		subjectPos++
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Start creating photos")
+	for i := 1; i <= numberOfPhotos; i++ {
+		if _, frac := math.Modf(float64(i) / 100.0); frac == 0 {
+			log.Infof("Generating photo number %v", i)
+		}
+		month := rand.IntN(11) + 1
+		day := rand.IntN(28) + 1
+		year := rand.IntN(45) + 1980
+		takenAt := time.Date(year, time.Month(month), day, rand.IntN(24), rand.IntN(60), rand.IntN(60), rand.IntN(1000), time.UTC)
+		labelCount := rand.IntN(5)
+
+		// Create the cell for the Photo's location
+		placeId := places[rand.IntN(len(places))]
+		lat := (rand.Float64() * 180.0) - 90.0
+		lng := (rand.Float64() * 360.0) - 180.0
+		cell := entity.NewCell(lat, lng)
+		cell.PlaceID = placeId
+		Db().FirstOrCreate(cell)
+
+		folder := entity.Folder{}
+		if res := Db().Model(&entity.Folder{}).Where("path = ?", fmt.Sprintf("%04d", year)).First(&folder); res.RowsAffected == 0 {
+			folder = entity.NewFolder("/", fmt.Sprintf("%04d", year), time.Now().UTC())
+			folder.Create()
+		}
+		folder = entity.Folder{}
+		if res := Db().Model(&entity.Folder{}).Where("path = ?", fmt.Sprintf("%04d/%02d", year, month)).First(&folder); res.RowsAffected == 0 {
+			folder = entity.NewFolder("/", fmt.Sprintf("%04d/%02d", year, month), time.Now().UTC())
+			folder.Create()
+		}
+
+		photo := entity.Photo{
+			//	ID
+			//
+			// UUID
+			TakenAt:          takenAt,
+			TakenAtLocal:     takenAt,
+			TakenSrc:         entity.SrcMeta,
+			PhotoUID:         rnd.GenerateUID(entity.PhotoUID),
+			PhotoType:        "image",
+			TypeSrc:          entity.SrcAuto,
+			PhotoTitle:       "Performance Test Load",
+			TitleSrc:         entity.SrcImage,
+			PhotoDescription: "",
+			DescriptionSrc:   entity.SrcAuto,
+			PhotoPath:        fmt.Sprintf("%04d/%02d", year, month),
+			PhotoName:        fmt.Sprintf("PIC%08d", i),
+			OriginalName:     fmt.Sprintf("PIC%08d", i),
+			PhotoStack:       0,
+			PhotoFavorite:    false,
+			PhotoPrivate:     false,
+			PhotoScan:        false,
+			PhotoPanorama:    false,
+			TimeZone:         "America/Mexico_City",
+			PlaceID:          placeId,
+			PlaceSrc:         entity.SrcMeta,
+			CellID:           cell.ID,
+			CellAccuracy:     0,
+			PhotoAltitude:    5,
+			PhotoLat:         lat,
+			PhotoLng:         lng,
+			PhotoCountry:     countries[rand.IntN(len(countries))],
+			PhotoYear:        year,
+			PhotoMonth:       month,
+			PhotoDay:         day,
+			PhotoIso:         400,
+			PhotoExposure:    "1/60",
+			PhotoFNumber:     8,
+			PhotoFocalLength: 2,
+			PhotoQuality:     3,
+			PhotoFaces:       0,
+			PhotoResolution:  0,
+			// PhotoDuration    : 0,
+			PhotoColor:   12,
+			CameraID:     cameraRandoms[rand.IntN(len(cameraRandoms))],
+			CameraSerial: "",
+			CameraSrc:    "",
+			LensID:       lensRandoms[rand.IntN(len(lensRandoms))],
+			// Details          :,
+			// Camera
+			// Lens
+			// Cell
+			// Place
+			Keywords: []entity.Keyword{},
+			Albums:   []entity.Album{},
+			Files:    []entity.File{},
+			Labels:   []entity.PhotoLabel{},
+			// CreatedBy
+			CreatedAt:   time.Now().UTC(),
+			UpdatedAt:   time.Now().UTC(),
+			EditedAt:    nil,
+			PublishedAt: nil,
+			CheckedAt:   nil,
+			EstimatedAt: nil,
+			DeletedAt:   gorm.DeletedAt{},
+		}
+		Db().Create(&photo)
+		// Allocate the labels for this photo
+		for i := 0; i < labelCount; i++ {
+			photoLabel := entity.NewPhotoLabel(photo.ID, labelRandoms[rand.IntN(len(labelRandoms))], 0, entity.SrcMeta)
+			Db().FirstOrCreate(photoLabel)
+		}
+		// Allocate the keywords for this photo
+		keywordCount := rand.IntN(5)
+		keywordStr := ""
+		for i := 0; i < keywordCount; i++ {
+			photoKeyword := entity.PhotoKeyword{PhotoID: photo.ID, KeywordID: keywordRandoms[rand.IntN(len(keywordRandoms))]}
+			keyword := entity.Keyword{}
+			Db().Model(&entity.Keyword{}).Where("id = ?", photoKeyword.KeywordID).First(&keyword)
+			Db().FirstOrCreate(&photoKeyword)
+			if len(keywordStr) > 0 {
+				keywordStr = fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s", keywordStr, keyword.Keyword)
+			} else {
+				keywordStr = keyword.Keyword
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Create File
+		file := entity.File{
+			//	ID
+			// Photo
+			PhotoID:      photo.ID,
+			PhotoUID:     photo.PhotoUID,
+			PhotoTakenAt: photo.TakenAt,
+			// TimeIndex
+			// MediaID
+			// MediaUTC
+			InstanceID:   "",
+			FileUID:      rnd.GenerateUID(entity.FileUID),
+			FileName:     fmt.Sprintf("%04d/%02d/PIC%08d.jpg", year, month, i),
+			FileRoot:     entity.RootSidecar,
+			OriginalName: "",
+			FileHash:     rnd.GenerateUID(entity.FileUID),
+			FileSize:     rand.Int64N(1000000),
+			FileCodec:    "",
+			FileType:     string(fs.ImageJpeg),
+			MediaType:    string(media.Image),
+			FileMime:     "image/jpg",
+			FilePrimary:  true,
+			FileSidecar:  false,
+			FileMissing:  false,
+			FilePortrait: true,
+			FileVideo:    false,
+			FileDuration: 0,
+			// FileFPS
+			// FileFrames
+			FileWidth:          1200,
+			FileHeight:         1600,
+			FileOrientation:    6,
+			FileOrientationSrc: entity.SrcMeta,
+			FileProjection:     "",
+			FileAspectRatio:    0.75,
+			// FileHDR            : false,
+			// FileWatermark
+			// FileColorProfile
+			FileMainColor: "magenta",
+			FileColors:    "226611CC1",
+			FileLuminance: "ABCDEF123",
+			FileDiff:      456,
+			FileChroma:    15,
+			// FileSoftware
+			// FileError
+			ModTime:   time.Now().Unix(),
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			CreatedIn: 935962,
+			UpdatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			UpdatedIn: 935962,
+			// PublishedAt
+			DeletedAt: gorm.DeletedAt{},
+			Share:     []entity.FileShare{},
+			Sync:      []entity.FileSync{},
+			//markers
+		}
+		Db().Create(&file)
+
+		// Add Markers
+		markersToCreate := rand.IntN(5)
+		for i := 0; i < markersToCreate; i++ {
+			subject := subjects[rand.IntN(len(subjects))]
+			marker := entity.Marker{
+				MarkerUID:     rnd.GenerateUID('m'),
+				FileUID:       file.FileUID,
+				MarkerType:    entity.MarkerFace,
+				MarkerName:    subject.SubjName,
+				MarkerReview:  false,
+				MarkerInvalid: false,
+				SubjUID:       subject.SubjUID,
+				SubjSrc:       subject.SubjSrc,
+				X:             rand.Float32() * 1024.0,
+				Y:             rand.Float32() * 2048.0,
+				W:             rand.Float32() * 10.0,
+				H:             rand.Float32() * 20.0,
+				Q:             10,
+				Size:          100,
+				Score:         10,
+				CreatedAt:     time.Now().UTC(),
+				UpdatedAt:     time.Now().UTC(),
+			}
+			Db().Create(&marker)
+			face := entity.Face{
+				ID:              randomSHA1(),
+				FaceSrc:         entity.SrcImage,
+				FaceKind:        1,
+				FaceHidden:      false,
+				SubjUID:         subject.SubjUID,
+				Samples:         5,
+				SampleRadius:    0.35,
+				Collisions:      5,
+				CollisionRadius: 0.5,
+				CreatedAt:       time.Now().UTC(),
+				UpdatedAt:       time.Now().UTC(),
+			}
+			Db().Create(&face)
+		}
+
+		// Add to Album
+		albumSlug := fmt.Sprintf("my-photos-from-%04d", year)
+		album := entity.Album{}
+		if res := Db().Model(&entity.Album{}).Where("album_slug = ?", albumSlug).First(&album); res.RowsAffected == 0 {
+			album = entity.Album{
+				AlbumUID:         rnd.GenerateUID(entity.AlbumUID),
+				AlbumSlug:        albumSlug,
+				AlbumPath:        "",
+				AlbumType:        entity.AlbumManual,
+				AlbumTitle:       fmt.Sprintf("My Photos From %04d", year),
+				AlbumLocation:    "",
+				AlbumCategory:    "",
+				AlbumCaption:     "",
+				AlbumDescription: "A wonderful year",
+				AlbumNotes:       "",
+				AlbumFilter:      "",
+				AlbumOrder:       "oldest",
+				AlbumTemplate:    "",
+				AlbumCountry:     entity.UnknownID,
+				AlbumYear:        year,
+				AlbumMonth:       0,
+				AlbumDay:         0,
+				AlbumFavorite:    false,
+				AlbumPrivate:     false,
+				CreatedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
+				UpdatedAt:        time.Now().UTC(),
+				DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
+			}
+			Db().Create(&album)
+		}
+		photoAlbum := entity.PhotoAlbum{
+			PhotoUID:  photo.PhotoUID,
+			AlbumUID:  album.AlbumUID,
+			Order:     0,
+			Hidden:    false,
+			Missing:   false,
+			CreatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+			UpdatedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		Db().Create(photoAlbum)
+
+		details := entity.Details{
+			PhotoID:     photo.ID,
+			Keywords:    keywordStr,
+			KeywordsSrc: entity.SrcMeta,
+			CreatedAt:   time.Now().UTC(),
+			UpdatedAt:   time.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		Db().Create(details)
+	}
+
+	entity.File{}.RegenerateIndex()
+	entity.UpdateCounts()
+
+	log.Infof("Database Creation completed in %s", time.Since(start))
+	code := 0
+	os.Exit(code)
+
+}
--- a/internal/dbbuilder/mariadb.sql
+++ b/internal/dbbuilder/mariadb.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,909 @@
+/*M!999999\- enable the sandbox mode */ 
+/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
+/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
+/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
+/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
+/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
+/*M!100616 SET @OLD_NOTE_VERBOSITY=@@NOTE_VERBOSITY, NOTE_VERBOSITY=0 */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `albums` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `album_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `parent_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT '',
+  `album_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_path` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_type` varbinary(8) DEFAULT 'album',
+  `album_title` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_location` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_category` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_caption` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_description` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_notes` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_filter` varbinary(2048) DEFAULT '',
+  `album_order` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_template` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_state` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_country` varbinary(2) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `album_year` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_month` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_day` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_favorite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `album_private` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `thumb` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `thumb_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `created_by` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `published_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_albums_album_uid` (`album_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_album_state` (`album_state`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_ymd` (`album_day`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_thumb` (`thumb`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_album_slug` (`album_slug`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_album_title` (`album_title`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_album_category` (`album_category`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_country_year_month` (`album_country`,`album_year`,`album_month`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_created_by` (`created_by`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_published_at` (`published_at`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_album_path` (`album_path`(768)),
+  KEY `idx_albums_album_filter` (`album_filter`(512))
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `albums_users` (
+  `uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `team_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `perm` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`uid`,`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_users_user_uid` (`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_albums_users_team_uid` (`team_uid`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `auth_clients` (
+  `client_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT '',
+  `user_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `client_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `client_role` varchar(64) DEFAULT '',
+  `client_type` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `client_url` varbinary(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `callback_url` varbinary(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_provider` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_method` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_scope` varchar(1024) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_expires` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `auth_tokens` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `auth_enabled` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `last_active` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`client_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_clients_user_uid` (`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_clients_user_name` (`user_name`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `auth_sessions` (
+  `id` varbinary(2048) NOT NULL,
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT '',
+  `user_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `client_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT '',
+  `client_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
+  `client_ip` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `auth_provider` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_method` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_issuer` varbinary(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_id` varbinary(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_scope` varchar(1024) DEFAULT '',
+  `grant_type` varbinary(64) DEFAULT '',
+  `last_active` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sess_expires` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sess_timeout` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `preview_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT '',
+  `download_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT '',
+  `access_token` varbinary(4096) DEFAULT '',
+  `refresh_token` varbinary(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `id_token` varbinary(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_agent` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `data_json` varbinary(4096) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `ref_id` varbinary(16) DEFAULT '',
+  `login_ip` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `login_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_sessions_user_uid` (`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_sessions_user_name` (`user_name`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_sessions_client_uid` (`client_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_sessions_client_ip` (`client_ip`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_sessions_auth_id` (`auth_id`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_sessions_sess_expires` (`sess_expires`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `auth_users` (
+  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
+  `user_uuid` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `auth_provider` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_method` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_issuer` varbinary(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `auth_id` varbinary(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `user_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `display_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `backup_email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_role` varchar(64) DEFAULT '',
+  `user_attr` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `super_admin` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `can_login` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `login_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `expires_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `webdav` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `base_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `upload_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `can_invite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `invite_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `invited_by` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `verify_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `verified_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `consent_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `born_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `reset_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `preview_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `download_token` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `thumb` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `thumb_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `ref_id` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_auth_users_user_uid` (`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_user_email` (`user_email`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_invite_token` (`invite_token`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_born_at` (`born_at`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_thumb` (`thumb`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_user_uuid` (`user_uuid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_auth_id` (`auth_id`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_user_name` (`user_name`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_expires_at` (`expires_at`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `auth_users_details` (
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `subj_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `place_id` varbinary(42) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `place_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `cell_id` varbinary(42) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `birth_year` int(11) DEFAULT -1,
+  `birth_month` int(11) DEFAULT -1,
+  `birth_day` int(11) DEFAULT -1,
+  `name_title` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `given_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `middle_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `family_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `name_suffix` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `nick_name` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `name_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_gender` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_about` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_bio` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_location` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `user_country` varbinary(2) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `user_phone` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `site_url` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `profile_url` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `feed_url` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `avatar_url` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `org_title` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `org_name` varchar(128) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `org_email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `org_phone` varchar(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `org_url` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `id_url` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_details_org_email` (`org_email`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_details_subj_uid` (`subj_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_details_place_id` (`place_id`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_details_cell_id` (`cell_id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `auth_users_settings` (
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `ui_theme` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `ui_language` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `ui_time_zone` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `maps_style` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `maps_animate` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `index_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `index_rescan` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `import_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `import_move` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `download_originals` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `download_media_raw` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `download_media_sidecar` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `upload_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `default_page` varbinary(128) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`user_uid`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `auth_users_shares` (
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `share_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `link_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `expires_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `comment` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `perm` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  `ref_id` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`user_uid`,`share_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_shares_share_uid` (`share_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_auth_users_shares_expires_at` (`expires_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `cameras` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `camera_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_make` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_model` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_type` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_description` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_notes` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_cameras_camera_slug` (`camera_slug`),
+  KEY `idx_cameras_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `categories` (
+  `label_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `category_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`label_id`,`category_id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `cells` (
+  `id` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `cell_name` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `cell_street` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `cell_postcode` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `cell_category` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_id` varbinary(42) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `countries` (
+  `id` varbinary(2) NOT NULL,
+  `country_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `country_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `country_description` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `country_notes` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `country_photo_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_countries_country_slug` (`country_slug`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `details` (
+  `photo_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `keywords` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `keywords_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `notes` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `notes_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subject` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subject_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `artist` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `artist_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `copyright` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `copyright_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `license` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `license_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `software` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `software_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`photo_id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `duplicates` (
+  `file_name` varbinary(755) NOT NULL,
+  `file_root` varbinary(16) NOT NULL DEFAULT '/',
+  `file_hash` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `file_size` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `mod_time` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`file_name`,`file_root`),
+  KEY `idx_duplicates_file_hash` (`file_hash`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `errors` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `error_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `error_level` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `error_message` varbinary(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  KEY `idx_errors_error_time` (`error_time`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `faces` (
+  `id` varbinary(64) NOT NULL,
+  `face_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `face_kind` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `face_hidden` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT '',
+  `samples` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sample_radius` double DEFAULT NULL,
+  `collisions` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `collision_radius` double DEFAULT NULL,
+  `embedding_json` mediumblob DEFAULT NULL,
+  `matched_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  KEY `idx_faces_subj_uid` (`subj_uid`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `files` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `photo_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_taken_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `time_index` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `media_id` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `media_utc` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `instance_id` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_name` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_root` varbinary(16) DEFAULT '/',
+  `original_name` varbinary(755) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_hash` varbinary(128) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_size` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_codec` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_type` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `media_type` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_mime` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_primary` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_sidecar` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_missing` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_portrait` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_video` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_duration` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_fps` double DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_frames` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_width` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_height` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_orientation` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_orientation_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `file_projection` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_aspect_ratio` float DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_hdr` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_watermark` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_color_profile` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_main_color` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_colors` varbinary(18) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `File_luminance` varbinary(18) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_diff` int(11) DEFAULT -1,
+  `file_chroma` smallint(6) DEFAULT -1,
+  `file_software` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `file_error` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `mod_time` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_in` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_in` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `published_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_files_file_uid` (`file_uid`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `idx_files_name_root` (`file_name`,`file_root`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `idx_files_search_media` (`media_id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `idx_files_search_timeline` (`time_index`),
+  KEY `idx_files_photo_id` (`photo_id`,`file_primary`),
+  KEY `idx_files_photo_taken_at` (`photo_taken_at`),
+  KEY `idx_files_file_error` (`file_error`),
+  KEY `idx_files_published_at` (`published_at`),
+  KEY `idx_files_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
+  KEY `idx_files_photo_uid` (`photo_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_files_media_utc` (`media_utc`),
+  KEY `idx_files_instance_id` (`instance_id`),
+  KEY `idx_files_file_hash` (`file_hash`),
+  KEY `idx_files_missing_root` (`file_missing`,`file_root`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `files_share` (
+  `file_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `service_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `remote_name` varbinary(255) NOT NULL,
+  `status` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `error` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `errors` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`file_id`,`service_id`,`remote_name`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `files_sync` (
+  `remote_name` varbinary(255) NOT NULL,
+  `service_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `file_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  `remote_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `remote_size` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `status` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `error` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `errors` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`remote_name`,`service_id`),
+  KEY `idx_files_sync_file_id` (`file_id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `folders` (
+  `path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `root` varbinary(16) DEFAULT '',
+  `folder_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `folder_type` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_title` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_category` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_description` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_order` varbinary(32) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_country` varbinary(2) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `folder_year` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_month` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_day` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_favorite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_private` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_ignore` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `folder_watch` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `modified_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `published_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`folder_uid`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `idx_folders_path_root` (`path`,`root`),
+  KEY `idx_folders_folder_category` (`folder_category`),
+  KEY `idx_folders_country_year_month` (`folder_country`,`folder_year`,`folder_month`),
+  KEY `idx_folders_published_at` (`published_at`),
+  KEY `idx_folders_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `keywords` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `keyword` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `skip` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  KEY `idx_keywords_keyword` (`keyword`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `labels` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `label_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `label_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `custom_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `label_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `label_priority` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `label_favorite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `label_description` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `label_notes` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_count` int(11) DEFAULT 1,
+  `thumb` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `thumb_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `published_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_labels_label_uid` (`label_uid`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_labels_label_slug` (`label_slug`),
+  KEY `idx_labels_thumb` (`thumb`),
+  KEY `idx_labels_published_at` (`published_at`),
+  KEY `idx_labels_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
+  KEY `idx_labels_custom_slug` (`custom_slug`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `lenses` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `lens_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_make` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_model` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_type` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_description` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_notes` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_lenses_lens_slug` (`lens_slug`),
+  KEY `idx_lenses_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `links` (
+  `link_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `share_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `share_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `link_token` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `link_expires` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `link_views` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  `max_views` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  `has_password` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `comment` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `perm` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  `ref_id` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_by` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `modified_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`link_uid`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `idx_links_uid_token` (`share_uid`,`link_token`),
+  KEY `idx_links_share_slug` (`share_slug`),
+  KEY `idx_links_created_by` (`created_by`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `markers` (
+  `marker_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `file_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT '',
+  `marker_type` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `marker_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `marker_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `marker_review` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `marker_invalid` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `face_id` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `face_dist` double DEFAULT -1,
+  `embeddings_json` mediumblob DEFAULT NULL,
+  `landmarks_json` mediumblob DEFAULT NULL,
+  `x` float DEFAULT NULL,
+  `y` float DEFAULT NULL,
+  `w` float DEFAULT NULL,
+  `h` float DEFAULT NULL,
+  `q` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `size` int(11) DEFAULT -1,
+  `score` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `thumb` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `matched_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`marker_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_markers_file_uid` (`file_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_markers_subj_uid_src` (`subj_uid`,`subj_src`),
+  KEY `idx_markers_face_id` (`face_id`),
+  KEY `idx_markers_thumb` (`thumb`),
+  KEY `idx_markers_matched_at` (`matched_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `migrations` (
+  `id` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
+  `dialect` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `stage` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `error` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `source` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `started_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `finished_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `passcodes` (
+  `uid` varbinary(255) NOT NULL,
+  `key_type` varchar(64) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+  `key_url` varchar(2048) DEFAULT '',
+  `recovery_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT '',
+  `verified_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `activated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`uid`,`key_type`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `passwords` (
+  `uid` varbinary(255) NOT NULL,
+  `hash` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`uid`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `photos` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `uuid` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `taken_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `taken_at_local` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `taken_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_type` varbinary(8) DEFAULT 'image',
+  `type_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_title` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `title_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_caption` varchar(4096) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `caption_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_name` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `original_name` varbinary(755) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_stack` tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_favorite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_private` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_scan` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_panorama` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `time_zone` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_id` varbinary(42) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `place_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `cell_id` varbinary(42) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `cell_accuracy` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_altitude` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_lat` double DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_lng` double DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_country` varbinary(2) DEFAULT 'zz',
+  `photo_year` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_month` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_day` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_iso` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_exposure` varbinary(64) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_f_number` float DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_focal_length` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_quality` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_faces` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_resolution` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_duration` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_color` smallint(6) DEFAULT -1,
+  `camera_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT 1,
+  `camera_serial` varbinary(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `camera_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `lens_id` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT 1,
+  `created_by` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `edited_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `published_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `checked_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `estimated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_photos_photo_uid` (`photo_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_created_by` (`created_by`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_cell_id` (`cell_id`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_camera_lens` (`camera_id`,`lens_id`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_checked_at` (`checked_at`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_photo_lng` (`photo_lng`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_published_at` (`published_at`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_uuid` (`uuid`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_photo_lat` (`photo_lat`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_place_id` (`place_id`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_country_year_month` (`photo_country`,`photo_year`,`photo_month`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_ymd` (`photo_day`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_taken_uid` (`taken_at`,`photo_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_path_name` (`photo_path`,`photo_name`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `photos_albums` (
+  `photo_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `album_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `order` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `hidden` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `missing` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`photo_uid`,`album_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_albums_album_uid` (`album_uid`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `photos_keywords` (
+  `photo_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `keyword_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`photo_id`,`keyword_id`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_keywords_keyword_id` (`keyword_id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `photos_labels` (
+  `photo_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `label_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `label_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `uncertainty` smallint(6) DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`photo_id`,`label_id`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_labels_label_id` (`label_id`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `photos_users` (
+  `uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `team_uid` varbinary(42) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `perm` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`uid`,`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_users_user_uid` (`user_uid`),
+  KEY `idx_photos_users_team_uid` (`team_uid`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `places` (
+  `id` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `place_label` varchar(400) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_district` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_city` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_state` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_country` varbinary(2) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_keywords` varchar(300) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `place_favorite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `photo_count` int(11) DEFAULT 1,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  KEY `idx_places_place_district` (`place_district`),
+  KEY `idx_places_place_city` (`place_city`),
+  KEY `idx_places_place_state` (`place_state`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `reactions` (
+  `uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `user_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `reaction` varbinary(64) NOT NULL,
+  `reacted` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `reacted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`uid`,`user_uid`,`reaction`),
+  KEY `idx_reactions_reacted_at` (`reacted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `services` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `acc_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_owner` varchar(160) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_url` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_type` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_key` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_user` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_pass` varbinary(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_timeout` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_error` varbinary(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_errors` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_share` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `acc_sync` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `retry_limit` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `share_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `share_size` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `share_expires` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_path` varbinary(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_status` varbinary(16) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_interval` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_date` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_upload` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_download` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_filenames` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `sync_raw` tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  KEY `idx_services_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `subjects` (
+  `subj_uid` varbinary(42) NOT NULL,
+  `subj_type` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `subj_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `subj_slug` varbinary(160) DEFAULT '',
+  `subj_name` varchar(160) DEFAULT '',
+  `subj_alias` varchar(160) DEFAULT '',
+  `subj_about` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_bio` varchar(2048) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_notes` varchar(1024) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `subj_favorite` tinyint(1) DEFAULT 0,
+  `subj_hidden` tinyint(1) DEFAULT 0,
+  `subj_private` tinyint(1) DEFAULT 0,
+  `subj_excluded` tinyint(1) DEFAULT 0,
+  `file_count` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `photo_count` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
+  `thumb` varbinary(128) DEFAULT '',
+  `thumb_src` varbinary(8) DEFAULT '',
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `deleted_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`subj_uid`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `uix_subjects_subj_name` (`subj_name`),
+  KEY `idx_subjects_subj_slug` (`subj_slug`),
+  KEY `idx_subjects_thumb` (`thumb`),
+  KEY `idx_subjects_deleted_at` (`deleted_at`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
+CREATE TABLE `versions` (
+  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
+  `version` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `edition` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `error` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
+  `created_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `updated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  `migrated_at` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
+  UNIQUE KEY `idx_version_edition` (`version`,`edition`)
+);
+/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
+/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
+
+/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
+/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
+/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
+/*M!100616 SET NOTE_VERBOSITY=@OLD_NOTE_VERBOSITY */;
+
--- a/internal/dbbuilder/sqlite3.sql
+++ b/internal/dbbuilder/sqlite3.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "files_share" ("file_id" integer,"service_id" integer,"remote_name" VARBINARY(255),"status" VARBINARY(16),"error" VARBINARY(512),"errors" integer,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("file_id","service_id","remote_name"));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "photos_labels" ("photo_id" integer,"label_id" integer,"label_src" VARBINARY(8),"uncertainty" SMALLINT , PRIMARY KEY ("photo_id","label_id"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_labels_label_id ON "photos_labels"(label_id) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "services" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"acc_name" VARCHAR(255),"acc_owner" VARCHAR(255),"acc_url" VARBINARY(512),"acc_type" VARBINARY(255),"acc_key" VARBINARY(255),"acc_user" VARBINARY(255),"acc_pass" VARBINARY(255),"acc_error" VARBINARY(512),"acc_errors" integer,"acc_share" bool,"acc_sync" bool,"retry_limit" integer,"share_path" VARBINARY(500),"share_size" VARBINARY(16),"share_expires" integer,"sync_path" VARBINARY(500),"sync_status" VARBINARY(16),"sync_interval" integer,"sync_date" datetime,"sync_upload" bool,"sync_download" bool,"sync_filenames" bool,"sync_raw" bool,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "acc_timeout" VARBINARY(16));
+CREATE INDEX idx_accounts_deleted_at ON "services"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "photos" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"uuid" VARBINARY(42),"taken_at" datetime,"taken_at_local" datetime,"taken_src" VARBINARY(8),"photo_uid" VARBINARY(42),"photo_type" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT 'image',"type_src" VARBINARY(8),"photo_title" VARCHAR(255),"title_src" VARBINARY(8),"photo_description" TEXT,"description_src" VARBINARY(8),"photo_path" VARBINARY(500),"photo_name" VARBINARY(255),"original_name" VARBINARY(755),"photo_stack" integer,"photo_favorite" bool,"photo_private" bool,"photo_scan" bool,"photo_panorama" bool,"time_zone" VARBINARY(64),"place_id" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT 'zz',"place_src" VARBINARY(8),"cell_id" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT 'zz',"cell_accuracy" integer,"photo_altitude" integer,"photo_lat" FLOAT,"photo_lng" FLOAT,"photo_country" VARBINARY(2) DEFAULT 'zz',"photo_year" integer,"photo_month" integer,"photo_day" integer,"photo_iso" integer,"photo_exposure" VARBINARY(64),"photo_f_number" FLOAT,"photo_focal_length" integer,"photo_quality" SMALLINT,"photo_resolution" SMALLINT,"photo_color" integer,"camera_id" integer DEFAULT 1,"camera_serial" VARBINARY(255),"camera_src" VARBINARY(8),"lens_id" integer DEFAULT 1,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"edited_at" datetime,"checked_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "photo_faces" integer, "estimated_at" datetime, "photo_duration" bigint, "created_by" VARBINARY(42), "published_at" datetime);
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_taken_uid ON "photos"(taken_at, photo_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_cell_id ON "photos"(cell_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_photo_lat ON "photos"(photo_lat) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_photo_lng ON "photos"(photo_lng) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_country_year_month ON "photos"(photo_country, photo_year, photo_month) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_checked_at ON "photos"(checked_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_deleted_at ON "photos"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_uuid ON "photos"("uuid") ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_path_name ON "photos"(photo_path, photo_name) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_place_id ON "photos"(place_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_camera_lens ON "photos"(camera_id, lens_id) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_photos_photo_uid ON "photos"(photo_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "details" ("photo_id" integer,"keywords" TEXT,"keywords_src" VARBINARY(8),"notes" TEXT,"notes_src" VARBINARY(8),"subject" VARCHAR(255),"subject_src" VARBINARY(8),"artist" VARCHAR(255),"artist_src" VARBINARY(8),"copyright" VARCHAR(255),"copyright_src" VARBINARY(8),"license" VARCHAR(255),"license_src" VARBINARY(8),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , "software" VARCHAR(1024), "software_src" VARBINARY(8), PRIMARY KEY ("photo_id"));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "lenses" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"lens_slug" VARBINARY(255),"lens_name" VARCHAR(255),"lens_make" VARCHAR(255),"lens_model" VARCHAR(255),"lens_type" VARCHAR(255),"lens_description" TEXT,"lens_notes" TEXT,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime );
+CREATE INDEX idx_lenses_deleted_at ON "lenses"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_lenses_lens_slug ON "lenses"(lens_slug) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "countries" ("id" VARBINARY(2),"country_slug" VARBINARY(255),"country_name" varchar(255),"country_description" TEXT,"country_notes" TEXT,"country_photo_id" integer , PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_countries_country_slug ON "countries"(country_slug) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "photos_albums" ("photo_uid" VARBINARY(42),"album_uid" VARBINARY(42),"order" integer,"hidden" bool,"missing" bool,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("photo_uid","album_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_albums_album_uid ON "photos_albums"(album_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "categories" ("label_id" integer,"category_id" integer, PRIMARY KEY ("label_id","category_id"));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "labels" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"label_uid" VARBINARY(42),"label_slug" VARBINARY(255),"custom_slug" VARBINARY(255),"label_name" VARCHAR(255),"label_priority" integer,"label_favorite" bool,"label_description" TEXT,"label_notes" TEXT,"photo_count" integer DEFAULT 1,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "thumb" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '', "thumb_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '', "published_at" datetime);
+CREATE INDEX idx_labels_custom_slug ON "labels"(custom_slug) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_labels_deleted_at ON "labels"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_labels_label_uid ON "labels"(label_uid) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_labels_label_slug ON "labels"(label_slug) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "photos_keywords" ("photo_id" integer,"keyword_id" integer , PRIMARY KEY ("photo_id","keyword_id"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_keywords_keyword_id ON "photos_keywords"(keyword_id) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "passwords" ("uid" VARBINARY(255),"hash" VARBINARY(255),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("uid"));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "duplicates" ("file_name" VARBINARY(755),"file_root" VARBINARY(16) DEFAULT '/',"file_hash" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"file_size" bigint,"mod_time" bigint , PRIMARY KEY ("file_name","file_root"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_duplicates_file_hash ON "duplicates"(file_hash) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "places" ("id" VARBINARY(42),"place_label" VARBINARY(755),"place_city" VARCHAR(255),"place_state" VARCHAR(255),"place_country" VARBINARY(2),"place_keywords" VARCHAR(255),"place_favorite" bool,"photo_count" integer DEFAULT 1,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , "place_district" VARCHAR(100), PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "cameras" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"camera_slug" VARBINARY(255),"camera_name" VARCHAR(255),"camera_make" VARCHAR(255),"camera_model" VARCHAR(255),"camera_type" VARCHAR(255),"camera_description" TEXT,"camera_notes" TEXT,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime );
+CREATE INDEX idx_cameras_deleted_at ON "cameras"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_cameras_camera_slug ON "cameras"(camera_slug) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "keywords" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"keyword" VARCHAR(64),"skip" bool );
+CREATE INDEX idx_keywords_keyword ON "keywords"("keyword") ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "folders" ("path" VARBINARY(500),"root" VARBINARY(16) DEFAULT '',"folder_uid" VARBINARY(42),"folder_type" VARBINARY(16),"folder_title" VARCHAR(255),"folder_category" VARCHAR(255),"folder_description" TEXT,"folder_order" VARBINARY(32),"folder_country" VARBINARY(2) DEFAULT 'zz',"folder_year" integer,"folder_month" integer,"folder_day" integer,"folder_favorite" bool,"folder_private" bool,"folder_ignore" bool,"folder_watch" bool,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"modified_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "published_at" datetime, PRIMARY KEY ("folder_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_folders_folder_category ON "folders"(folder_category) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_folders_country_year_month ON "folders"(folder_country, folder_year, folder_month) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_folders_deleted_at ON "folders"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_folders_path_root ON "folders"("path", "root") ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "users" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"address_id" integer DEFAULT 1,"user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"mother_uid" VARBINARY(42),"father_uid" VARBINARY(42),"global_uid" VARBINARY(42),"full_name" varchar(128),"nick_name" varchar(64),"maiden_name" varchar(64),"artist_name" varchar(64),"user_name" varchar(64),"user_status" varchar(32),"user_disabled" bool,"user_settings" LONGTEXT,"primary_email" varchar(255),"email_confirmed" bool,"backup_email" varchar(255),"person_url" VARBINARY(255),"person_phone" varchar(32),"person_status" varchar(32),"person_avatar" VARBINARY(255),"person_location" varchar(128),"person_bio" TEXT,"person_accounts" LONGTEXT,"business_url" VARBINARY(255),"business_phone" varchar(32),"business_email" varchar(255),"company_name" varchar(128),"department_name" varchar(128),"job_title" varchar(64),"birth_year" integer,"birth_month" integer,"birth_day" integer,"terms_accepted" bool,"is_artist" bool,"is_subject" bool,"role_admin" bool,"role_guest" bool,"role_child" bool,"role_family" bool,"role_friend" bool,"webdav" bool,"storage_path" VARBINARY(500),"can_invite" bool,"invite_token" VARBINARY(32),"invited_by" VARBINARY(32),"confirm_token" VARBINARY(64),"reset_token" VARBINARY(64),"api_token" VARBINARY(128),"api_secret" VARBINARY(128),"login_attempts" integer,"login_at" datetime,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "external_id" varchar(255));
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_deleted_at ON "users"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_global_uid ON "users"(global_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_users_primary_email ON "users"(primary_email) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_users_user_uid ON "users"(user_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "files" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"photo_id" integer,"photo_uid" VARBINARY(42),"instance_id" VARBINARY(42),"file_uid" VARBINARY(42),"file_name" VARBINARY(755),"file_root" VARBINARY(16) DEFAULT '/',"original_name" VARBINARY(755),"file_hash" VARBINARY(128),"file_size" bigint,"file_codec" VARBINARY(32),"file_type" VARBINARY(32),"file_mime" VARBINARY(64),"file_primary" bool,"file_sidecar" bool,"file_missing" bool,"file_portrait" bool,"file_video" bool,"file_duration" bigint,"file_width" integer,"file_height" integer,"file_orientation" integer,"file_projection" VARBINARY(16),"file_aspect_ratio" FLOAT,"file_main_color" VARBINARY(16),"file_colors" VARBINARY(9),"file_luminance" VARBINARY(9),"file_diff" integer,"file_chroma" integer,"file_error" VARBINARY(512),"mod_time" bigint,"created_at" datetime,"created_in" bigint,"updated_at" datetime,"updated_in" bigint,"deleted_at" datetime , "photo_taken_at" DATETIME, "time_index" VARBINARY(48), "media_id" VARBINARY(32), "media_utc" bigint, "media_type" VARBINARY(16), "file_fps" real, "file_frames" integer, "file_hdr" bool, "file_watermark" bool, "file_color_profile" VARBINARY(64), "file_software" VARCHAR(64), "published_at" datetime, "file_orientation_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '');
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_instance_id ON "files"(instance_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_file_hash ON "files"(file_hash) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_file_main_color ON "files"(file_main_color) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_deleted_at ON "files"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_photo_id ON "files"(photo_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_photo_uid ON "files"(photo_uid) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_files_file_uid ON "files"(file_uid) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_files_name_root ON "files"(file_name, file_root) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "files_sync" ("remote_name" VARBINARY(255),"service_id" integer,"file_id" integer,"remote_date" datetime,"remote_size" bigint,"status" VARBINARY(16),"error" VARBINARY(512),"errors" integer,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("remote_name","service_id"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_sync_file_id ON "files_sync"(file_id) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "cells" ("id" VARBINARY(42),"cell_name" VARCHAR(255),"cell_category" VARCHAR(64),"place_id" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT 'zz',"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , "cell_street" VARCHAR(100), "cell_postcode" VARCHAR(50), PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "albums" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"album_uid" VARBINARY(42),"cover_uid" VARBINARY(42),"folder_uid" VARBINARY(42),"album_slug" VARBINARY(255),"album_path" VARBINARY(500),"album_type" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT 'album',"album_title" VARCHAR(255),"album_location" VARCHAR(255),"album_category" VARCHAR(255),"album_caption" TEXT,"album_description" TEXT,"album_notes" TEXT,"album_filter" VARBINARY(1024),"album_order" VARBINARY(32),"album_template" VARBINARY(255),"album_country" VARBINARY(2) DEFAULT 'zz',"album_year" integer,"album_month" integer,"album_day" integer,"album_favorite" bool,"album_private" bool,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "parent_uid" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT '', "thumb" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '', "thumb_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '', "album_state" VARCHAR(100), "created_by" VARBINARY(42), "published_at" datetime);
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_album_category ON "albums"(album_category) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_country_year_month ON "albums"(album_country, album_year, album_month) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_deleted_at ON "albums"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_folder_uid ON "albums"(folder_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_album_slug ON "albums"(album_slug) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_album_path ON "albums"(album_path) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_albums_album_uid ON "albums"(album_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "links" ("link_uid" VARBINARY(42),"share_uid" VARBINARY(42),"share_slug" VARBINARY(255),"link_token" VARBINARY(255),"link_expires" integer,"link_views" integer,"max_views" integer,"has_password" bool,"can_comment" bool,"can_edit" bool,"created_at" datetime,"modified_at" datetime , "comment" varchar(512), "perm" integer, "ref_id" VARBINARY(16), "created_by" VARBINARY(42), PRIMARY KEY ("link_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_links_share_slug ON "links"(share_slug) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_links_uid_token ON "links"(share_uid, link_token) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "errors" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"error_time" datetime,"error_level" VARBINARY(32),"error_message" VARBINARY(2048) );
+CREATE INDEX idx_errors_error_time ON "errors"(error_time) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_labels_thumb ON "labels"("thumb") ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "markers" ("marker_uid" VARBINARY(42),"file_uid" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT '',"marker_type" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"marker_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"marker_name" VARCHAR(255),"marker_review" bool,"marker_invalid" bool,"subj_uid" VARBINARY(42),"subj_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"face_id" VARBINARY(42),"face_dist" real DEFAULT -1,"embeddings_json" MEDIUMBLOB,"landmarks_json" MEDIUMBLOB,"x" FLOAT,"y" FLOAT,"w" FLOAT,"h" FLOAT,"q" integer,"size" integer DEFAULT -1,"score" SMALLINT,"thumb" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"matched_at" datetime,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("marker_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_markers_subj_uid_src ON "markers"(subj_uid, subj_src) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_markers_face_id ON "markers"(face_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_markers_thumb ON "markers"("thumb") ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_markers_matched_at ON "markers"(matched_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_markers_file_uid ON "markers"(file_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_ymd ON "photos"(photo_day) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_thumb ON "albums"("thumb") ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_album_title ON "albums"(album_title) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_ymd ON "albums"(album_day) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "subjects" ("subj_uid" VARBINARY(42),"subj_type" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"subj_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"subj_slug" VARBINARY(255) DEFAULT '',"subj_name" VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',"subj_alias" VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT '',"subj_bio" TEXT,"subj_notes" TEXT,"subj_favorite" bool DEFAULT false,"subj_private" bool DEFAULT false,"subj_excluded" bool DEFAULT false,"file_count" integer DEFAULT 0,"thumb" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"thumb_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"metadata_json" MEDIUMBLOB,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime , "subj_hidden" bool DEFAULT false, "photo_count" integer DEFAULT 0, "subj_about" varchar(512), PRIMARY KEY ("subj_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_subjects_subj_slug ON "subjects"(subj_slug) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_subjects_thumb ON "subjects"("thumb") ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_subjects_deleted_at ON "subjects"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_subjects_subj_name ON "subjects"(subj_name) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "faces" ("id" VARBINARY(42),"face_src" VARBINARY(8),"face_hidden" bool,"subj_uid" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT '',"samples" integer,"sample_radius" real,"collisions" integer,"collision_radius" real,"embedding_json" MEDIUMBLOB,"matched_at" datetime,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , "face_kind" integer, PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_faces_subj_uid ON "faces"(subj_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "migrations" ("id" varchar(16),"dialect" varchar(16),"error" varchar(255),"source" varchar(16),"started_at" datetime,"finished_at" datetime , "stage" varchar(16), PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_places_place_district ON "places"(place_district) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_places_place_city ON "places"(place_city) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_places_place_state ON "places"(place_state) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_album_state ON "albums"(album_state) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_photo_taken_at ON "files"(photo_taken_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_media_utc ON "files"(media_utc) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_album_filter ON albums (album_filter);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_files_search_media ON files (media_id);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_files_search_timeline ON files (time_index);
+CREATE INDEX idx_services_deleted_at ON "services"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "photos_users" ("uid" VARBINARY(42),"user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"team_uid" VARBINARY(42),"perm" integer , PRIMARY KEY ("uid","user_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_users_user_uid ON "photos_users"(user_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_users_team_uid ON "photos_users"(team_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_users_shares" ("user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"share_uid" VARBINARY(42),"link_uid" VARBINARY(42),"expires_at" datetime,"comment" varchar(512),"perm" integer,"ref_id" VARBINARY(16),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("user_uid","share_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_shares_share_uid ON "auth_users_shares"(share_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_shares_expires_at ON "auth_users_shares"(expires_at) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_users_details" ("user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"subj_uid" VARBINARY(42),"subj_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"place_id" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT 'zz',"place_src" VARBINARY(8),"cell_id" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT 'zz',"birth_year" integer,"birth_month" integer,"birth_day" integer,"name_title" varchar(32),"given_name" varchar(64),"middle_name" varchar(64),"family_name" varchar(64),"name_suffix" varchar(32),"nick_name" varchar(64),"name_src" VARBINARY(8),"user_gender" varchar(16),"user_about" varchar(512),"user_bio" varchar(512),"user_location" varchar(512),"user_country" VARBINARY(2),"user_phone" varchar(32),"site_url" VARBINARY(512),"profile_url" VARBINARY(512),"feed_url" VARBINARY(512),"avatar_url" VARBINARY(512),"org_title" varchar(64),"org_name" varchar(128),"org_email" varchar(255),"org_phone" varchar(32),"org_url" VARBINARY(512),"id_url" VARBINARY(512),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("user_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_details_subj_uid ON "auth_users_details"(subj_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_details_place_id ON "auth_users_details"(place_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_details_cell_id ON "auth_users_details"(cell_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_details_org_email ON "auth_users_details"(org_email) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_sessions" ("id" VARBINARY(2048),"client_ip" varchar(64),"user_uid" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT '',"user_name" varchar(64),"auth_provider" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_method" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_domain" VARBINARY(255) DEFAULT '',"auth_id" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_scope" varchar(1024) DEFAULT '',"last_active" bigint,"sess_expires" bigint,"sess_timeout" bigint,"preview_token" VARBINARY(64) DEFAULT '',"download_token" VARBINARY(64) DEFAULT '',"access_token" VARBINARY(4096) DEFAULT '',"refresh_token" VARBINARY(512) DEFAULT '',"id_token" VARBINARY(1024) DEFAULT '',"user_agent" varchar(512),"data_json" VARBINARY(4096),"ref_id" VARBINARY(16) DEFAULT '',"login_ip" varchar(64),"login_at" datetime,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , "client_uid" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT '', "client_name" varchar(200) DEFAULT '', "grant_type" VARBINARY(64) DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY ("id"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_sessions_client_ip ON "auth_sessions"(client_ip) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_sessions_user_uid ON "auth_sessions"(user_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_sessions_user_name ON "auth_sessions"(user_name) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_sessions_auth_id ON "auth_sessions"(auth_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_sessions_sess_expires ON "auth_sessions"(sess_expires) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_users_settings" ("user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"ui_theme" VARBINARY(32),"ui_language" VARBINARY(32),"ui_time_zone" VARBINARY(64),"maps_style" VARBINARY(32),"maps_animate" integer,"index_path" VARBINARY(1024),"index_rescan" integer,"import_path" VARBINARY(1024),"import_move" integer,"upload_path" VARBINARY(1024),"default_page" VARBINARY(128),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , "download_originals" integer DEFAULT 0, "download_media_raw" integer DEFAULT 0, "download_media_sidecar" integer DEFAULT 0, PRIMARY KEY ("user_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_published_at ON "photos"(published_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_photos_created_by ON "photos"(created_by) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_users" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"user_uuid" VARBINARY(64),"user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"auth_provider" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_method" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_issuer" VARBINARY(255) DEFAULT '',"auth_id" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"user_name" varchar(64),"display_name" varchar(200),"user_email" varchar(255),"backup_email" varchar(255),"user_role" varchar(64) DEFAULT '',"user_attr" varchar(1024),"super_admin" bool,"can_login" bool,"login_at" datetime,"expires_at" datetime,"webdav" bool,"base_path" VARBINARY(1024),"upload_path" VARBINARY(1024),"can_invite" bool,"invite_token" VARBINARY(64),"invited_by" varchar(64),"verify_token" VARBINARY(64),"verified_at" datetime,"consent_at" datetime,"born_at" datetime,"reset_token" VARBINARY(64),"preview_token" VARBINARY(64),"download_token" VARBINARY(64),"thumb" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"thumb_src" VARBINARY(8) DEFAULT '',"ref_id" VARBINARY(16),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"deleted_at" datetime);
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_auth_id ON "auth_users"(auth_id) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_user_email ON "auth_users"(user_email) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_invite_token ON "auth_users"(invite_token) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_born_at ON "auth_users"(born_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_thumb ON "auth_users"("thumb") ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_deleted_at ON "auth_users"(deleted_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_user_uuid ON "auth_users"(user_uuid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_expires_at ON "auth_users"(expires_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_users_user_name ON "auth_users"(user_name) ;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX uix_auth_users_user_uid ON "auth_users"(user_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_published_at ON "files"(published_at) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "reactions" ("uid" VARBINARY(42),"user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"reaction" VARBINARY(64),"reacted" integer,"reacted_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("uid","user_uid","reaction"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_reactions_reacted_at ON "reactions"(reacted_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_folders_published_at ON "folders"(published_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_labels_published_at ON "labels"(published_at) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_created_by ON "albums"(created_by) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_published_at ON "albums"(published_at) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "albums_users" ("uid" VARBINARY(42),"user_uid" VARBINARY(42),"team_uid" VARBINARY(42),"perm" integer , PRIMARY KEY ("uid","user_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_users_user_uid ON "albums_users"(user_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_albums_users_team_uid ON "albums_users"(team_uid) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_links_created_by ON "links"(created_by) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_missing_root ON files (file_missing, file_root);
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "versions" ("id" integer primary key autoincrement,"version" varchar(255),"edition" varchar(255),"error" varchar(255),"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime,"migrated_at" datetime );
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_version_edition ON "versions"("version", "edition") ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_files_file_error ON "files"(file_error) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "auth_clients" ("client_uid" VARBINARY(42),"user_uid" VARBINARY(42) DEFAULT '',"user_name" varchar(200),"client_name" varchar(200),"client_role" varchar(64) DEFAULT '',"client_type" VARBINARY(16),"client_url" VARBINARY(255) DEFAULT '',"callback_url" VARBINARY(255) DEFAULT '',"auth_provider" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_method" VARBINARY(128) DEFAULT '',"auth_scope" varchar(1024) DEFAULT '',"auth_expires" bigint,"auth_tokens" bigint,"auth_enabled" bool,"last_active" bigint,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("client_uid"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_clients_user_name ON "auth_clients"(user_name) ;
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_clients_user_uid ON "auth_clients"(user_uid) ;
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "passcodes" ("uid" VARBINARY(255),"key_type" varchar(64) DEFAULT '',"key_url" varchar(2048) DEFAULT '',"recovery_code" varchar(255) DEFAULT '',"verified_at" datetime,"activated_at" datetime,"created_at" datetime,"updated_at" datetime , PRIMARY KEY ("uid","key_type"));
+CREATE INDEX idx_auth_sessions_client_uid ON "auth_sessions"(client_uid) ;
--- a/internal/entity/album.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album.go
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
 	"github.com/ulule/deepcopier"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity/sortby"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
@@ -43,36 +43,36 @@ type Albums []Album

 // Album represents a photo album
 type Album struct {
-	ID               uint        `gorm:"primary_key" json:"ID" yaml:"-"`
-	AlbumUID         string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);unique_index;" json:"UID" yaml:"UID"`
-	ParentUID        string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);default:'';" json:"ParentUID,omitempty" yaml:"ParentUID,omitempty"`
-	AlbumSlug        string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(160);index;" json:"Slug" yaml:"Slug"`
-	AlbumPath        string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(1024);index;" json:"Path,omitempty" yaml:"Path,omitempty"`
-	AlbumType        string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(8);default:'album';" json:"Type" yaml:"Type,omitempty"`
-	AlbumTitle       string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(160);index;" json:"Title" yaml:"Title"`
-	AlbumLocation    string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(160);" json:"Location" yaml:"Location,omitempty"`
-	AlbumCategory    string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(100);index;" json:"Category" yaml:"Category,omitempty"`
-	AlbumCaption     string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(1024);" json:"Caption" yaml:"Caption,omitempty"`
-	AlbumDescription string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(2048);" json:"Description" yaml:"Description,omitempty"`
-	AlbumNotes       string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(1024);" json:"Notes" yaml:"Notes,omitempty"`
-	AlbumFilter      string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(2048);" json:"Filter" yaml:"Filter,omitempty"`
-	AlbumOrder       string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(32);" json:"Order" yaml:"Order,omitempty"`
-	AlbumTemplate    string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);" json:"Template" yaml:"Template,omitempty"`
-	AlbumState       string      `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(100);index;" json:"State" yaml:"State,omitempty"`
-	AlbumCountry     string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(2);index:idx_albums_country_year_month;default:'zz';" json:"Country" yaml:"Country,omitempty"`
-	AlbumYear        int         `gorm:"index:idx_albums_ymd;index:idx_albums_country_year_month;" json:"Year" yaml:"Year,omitempty"`
-	AlbumMonth       int         `gorm:"index:idx_albums_ymd;index:idx_albums_country_year_month;" json:"Month" yaml:"Month,omitempty"`
-	AlbumDay         int         `gorm:"index:idx_albums_ymd;" json:"Day" yaml:"Day,omitempty"`
-	AlbumFavorite    bool        `json:"Favorite" yaml:"Favorite,omitempty"`
-	AlbumPrivate     bool        `json:"Private" yaml:"Private,omitempty"`
-	Thumb            string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);index;default:'';" json:"Thumb" yaml:"Thumb,omitempty"`
-	ThumbSrc         string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(8);default:'';" json:"ThumbSrc,omitempty" yaml:"ThumbSrc,omitempty"`
-	CreatedBy        string      `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index" json:"CreatedBy,omitempty" yaml:"CreatedBy,omitempty"`
-	CreatedAt        time.Time   `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"CreatedAt,omitempty"`
-	UpdatedAt        time.Time   `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"UpdatedAt,omitempty"`
-	PublishedAt      *time.Time  `sql:"index" json:"PublishedAt,omitempty" yaml:"PublishedAt,omitempty"`
-	DeletedAt        *time.Time  `sql:"index" json:"DeletedAt" yaml:"DeletedAt,omitempty"`
-	Photos           PhotoAlbums `gorm:"foreignkey:AlbumUID;association_foreignkey:AlbumUID;" json:"-" yaml:"Photos,omitempty"`
+	ID               uint           `gorm:"primaryKey;" json:"ID" yaml:"-"`
+	AlbumUID         string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;uniqueIndex;" json:"UID" yaml:"UID"`
+	ParentUID        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;default:'';" json:"ParentUID,omitempty" yaml:"ParentUID,omitempty"`
+	AlbumSlug        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:160;index;" json:"Slug" yaml:"Slug"`
+	AlbumPath        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:1024;index;" json:"Path,omitempty" yaml:"Path,omitempty"`
+	AlbumType        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:8;default:'album';" json:"Type" yaml:"Type,omitempty"`
+	AlbumTitle       string         `gorm:"size:160;index;" json:"Title" yaml:"Title"`
+	AlbumLocation    string         `gorm:"size:160;" json:"Location" yaml:"Location,omitempty"`
+	AlbumCategory    string         `gorm:"size:100;index;" json:"Category" yaml:"Category,omitempty"`
+	AlbumCaption     string         `gorm:"size:1024;" json:"Caption" yaml:"Caption,omitempty"`
+	AlbumDescription string         `gorm:"size:2048;" json:"Description" yaml:"Description,omitempty"`
+	AlbumNotes       string         `gorm:"size:1024;" json:"Notes" yaml:"Notes,omitempty"`
+	AlbumFilter      string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:2048;" json:"Filter" yaml:"Filter,omitempty"`
+	AlbumOrder       string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:32;" json:"Order" yaml:"Order,omitempty"`
+	AlbumTemplate    string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;" json:"Template" yaml:"Template,omitempty"`
+	AlbumState       string         `gorm:"size:100;index;" json:"State" yaml:"State,omitempty"`
+	AlbumCountry     string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:2;index:idx_albums_country_year_month;default:'zz';" json:"Country" yaml:"Country,omitempty"`
+	AlbumYear        int            `gorm:"index:idx_albums_ymd;index:idx_albums_country_year_month;" json:"Year" yaml:"Year,omitempty"`
+	AlbumMonth       int            `gorm:"index:idx_albums_ymd;index:idx_albums_country_year_month;" json:"Month" yaml:"Month,omitempty"`
+	AlbumDay         int            `gorm:"index:idx_albums_ymd;" json:"Day" yaml:"Day,omitempty"`
+	AlbumFavorite    bool           `json:"Favorite" yaml:"Favorite,omitempty"`
+	AlbumPrivate     bool           `json:"Private" yaml:"Private,omitempty"`
+	Thumb            string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;index;default:'';" json:"Thumb" yaml:"Thumb,omitempty"`
+	ThumbSrc         string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:8;default:'';" json:"ThumbSrc,omitempty" yaml:"ThumbSrc,omitempty"`
+	CreatedBy        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index" json:"CreatedBy,omitempty" yaml:"CreatedBy,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt        time.Time      `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"CreatedAt,omitempty"`
+	UpdatedAt        time.Time      `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"UpdatedAt,omitempty"`
+	PublishedAt      *time.Time     `sql:"index" json:"PublishedAt,omitempty" yaml:"PublishedAt,omitempty"`
+	DeletedAt        gorm.DeletedAt `sql:"index" json:"DeletedAt" yaml:"DeletedAt,omitempty"`
+	Photos           []PhotoAlbum   `gorm:"foreignkey:AlbumUID;references:AlbumUID" json:"-" yaml:"Photos,omitempty"`
 }

 // AfterUpdate flushes the album cache when an album is updated.
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (Album) TableName() string {
 func UpdateAlbum(albumUID string, values interface{}) (err error) {
 	if rnd.InvalidUID(albumUID, AlbumUID) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("album: invalid uid %s", clean.Log(albumUID))
-	} else if err = Db().Model(Album{}).Where("album_uid = ?", albumUID).UpdateColumns(values).Error; err != nil {
+	} else if err = Db().Model(&Album{}).Where("album_uid = ?", albumUID).UpdateColumns(values).Error; err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ func AddPhotoToUserAlbums(photoUid string, albums []string, sortOrder, userUid s
 			}

 			// Refresh updated timestamp.
-			err = UpdateAlbum(albumUid, Map{"updated_at": TimeStamp()})
+			err = UpdateAlbum(albumUid, map[string]interface{}{"updated_at": TimeStamp()})
 		}
 	}

@@ -452,14 +452,14 @@ func (m *Album) Find() *Album {
 }

 // BeforeCreate creates a random UID if needed before inserting a new row to the database.
-func (m *Album) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {
+func (m *Album) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.DB) error {
 	if rnd.IsUID(m.AlbumUID, AlbumUID) {
 		return nil
 	}

 	m.AlbumUID = rnd.GenerateUID(AlbumUID)
-
-	return scope.SetColumn("AlbumUID", m.AlbumUID)
+	scope.Statement.SetColumn("AlbumUID", m.AlbumUID)
+	return scope.Error
 }

 // String returns the id or name as string.
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ func (m *Album) UpdateTitleAndLocation(title, location, state, country, slug str

 	// Skip location?
 	if location == "" && state == "" && (country == "" || country == "zz") {
-		return m.Updates(Map{
+		return m.Updates(map[string]interface{}{
 			"album_title": m.AlbumTitle,
 			"album_slug":  m.AlbumSlug,
 		})
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ func (m *Album) UpdateTitleAndLocation(title, location, state, country, slug str

 	m.SetLocation(location, state, country)

-	return m.Updates(Map{
+	return m.Updates(map[string]interface{}{
 		"album_title":    m.AlbumTitle,
 		"album_location": m.AlbumLocation,
 		"album_state":    m.AlbumState,
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ func (m *Album) UpdateTitleAndState(title, slug, stateName, countryCode string)

 	m.SetTitle(title)

-	return m.Updates(Map{"album_title": m.AlbumTitle, "album_slug": m.AlbumSlug, "album_location": m.AlbumLocation, "album_country": m.AlbumCountry, "album_state": m.AlbumState})
+	return m.Updates(map[string]interface{}{"album_title": m.AlbumTitle, "album_slug": m.AlbumSlug, "album_location": m.AlbumLocation, "album_country": m.AlbumCountry, "album_state": m.AlbumState})
 }

 // SaveForm updates the entity using form data and stores it in the database.
@@ -747,11 +747,11 @@ func (m *Album) Delete() error {

 	now := Now()

-	if err := UnscopedDb().Model(m).UpdateColumns(Map{"updated_at": now, "deleted_at": now}).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := UnscopedDb().Model(m).UpdateColumns(map[string]interface{}{"updated_at": now, "deleted_at": now}).Error; err != nil {
 		return err
 	} else {
 		m.UpdatedAt = now
-		m.DeletedAt = &now
+		m.DeletedAt = gorm.DeletedAt{Time: now, Valid: true}
 		FlushAlbumCache()
 	}

@@ -783,11 +783,7 @@ func (m *Album) DeletePermanently() error {

 // Deleted tests if the entity is deleted.
 func (m *Album) Deleted() bool {
-	if m.DeletedAt == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return !m.DeletedAt.IsZero()
+	return m.DeletedAt.Valid
 }

 // Restore restores the entity in the database.
@@ -804,7 +800,7 @@ func (m *Album) Restore() error {
 		return err
 	}

-	m.DeletedAt = nil
+	m.DeletedAt = gorm.DeletedAt{}

 	m.PublishCountChange(1)
 	event.PublishUserEntities("albums", event.EntityCreated, []*Album{m}, m.CreatedBy)
@@ -852,7 +848,7 @@ func (m *Album) AddPhotos(photos PhotosInterface) (added PhotoAlbums) {
 	}

 	// Refresh updated timestamp.
-	if err := UpdateAlbum(m.AlbumUID, Map{"updated_at": TimeStamp()}); err != nil {
+	if err := UpdateAlbum(m.AlbumUID, map[string]interface{}{"updated_at": TimeStamp()}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("album: %s (update %s)", err.Error(), m)
 	}

@@ -880,7 +876,7 @@ func (m *Album) RemovePhotos(UIDs []string) (removed PhotoAlbums) {
 	}

 	// Refresh updated timestamp.
-	if err := UpdateAlbum(m.AlbumUID, Map{"updated_at": TimeStamp()}); err != nil {
+	if err := UpdateAlbum(m.AlbumUID, map[string]interface{}{"updated_at": TimeStamp()}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("album: %s (update %s)", err.Error(), m)
 	}

--- a/internal/entity/album_cache.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album_cache.go
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package entity

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"

 	gc "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/clean"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/rnd"
@@ -33,7 +35,8 @@ func CachedAlbumByUID(uid string) (m Album, err error) {
 	// Find in database.
 	m = Album{}

-	if r := Db().First(&m, "album_uid = ?", uid); r.RecordNotFound() {
+	r := Db().First(&m, "album_uid = ?", uid)
+	if errors.Is(r.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 		return m, fmt.Errorf("album not found")
 	} else if r.Error != nil {
 		return m, r.Error
--- a/internal/entity/album_fixtures.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album_fixtures.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package entity

 import (
 	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 type AlbumMap map[string]Album
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"holiday-2030": {
 		ID:               1000001,
@@ -71,7 +73,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"berlin-2019": {
 		ID:               1000002,
@@ -96,7 +98,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"april-1990": {
 		ID:               1000003,
@@ -121,7 +123,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"import": {
 		ID:               1000004,
@@ -146,7 +148,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"emptyMoment": {
 		ID:               1000005,
@@ -171,7 +173,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"2016-04": {
 		ID:               1000006,
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumFavorite:    false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"september-2021": {
 		ID:               1000007,
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumFavorite:    false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"california-usa": {
 		ID:               1000008,
@@ -243,7 +245,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumFavorite:    false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"california-duplicate-1": {
 		ID:               1000009,
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumFavorite:    false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"california-duplicate-2": {
 		ID:               1000010,
@@ -291,7 +293,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumFavorite:    false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"&ilikefood": {
 		ID:               1000011,
@@ -316,7 +318,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"i-love-%-dog": {
 		ID:               1000012,
@@ -341,7 +343,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"%gold": {
 		ID:               1000013,
@@ -366,7 +368,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"sale%": {
 		ID:               1000014,
@@ -391,7 +393,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"pets&dogs": {
 		ID:               1000015,
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"light&": {
 		ID:               1000016,
@@ -441,7 +443,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"'family": {
 		ID:               1000017,
@@ -466,7 +468,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"father's-day": {
 		ID:               1000018,
@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"ice-cream'": {
 		ID:               1000019,
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"*forrest": {
 		ID:               1000020,
@@ -541,7 +543,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"my*kids": {
 		ID:               1000021,
@@ -566,7 +568,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"yoga***": {
 		ID:               1000022,
@@ -591,7 +593,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"|banana": {
 		ID:               1000023,
@@ -616,7 +618,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"blue|": {
 		ID:               1000024,
@@ -641,7 +643,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"345-shirt": {
 		ID:               1000025,
@@ -666,7 +668,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"color-555-blue": {
 		ID:               1000026,
@@ -691,7 +693,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"route-66": {
 		ID:               1000027,
@@ -716,7 +718,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2024, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2024, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"red|green": {
 		ID:               1000028,
@@ -741,7 +743,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2016, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2025, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"germany": {
 		ID:               1000029,
@@ -766,7 +768,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"mexico": {
 		ID:               1000030,
@@ -791,7 +793,32 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
+	},
+	"cows": {
+		ID:               1000035,
+		AlbumUID:         "as6sg6bipotaajfa",
+		AlbumSlug:        "cows",
+		AlbumPath:        "",
+		AlbumType:        AlbumMoment,
+		AlbumTitle:       "Cows",
+		AlbumFilter:      "public:true label:cow",
+		AlbumLocation:    "",
+		AlbumCategory:    "",
+		AlbumCaption:     "",
+		AlbumDescription: "",
+		AlbumNotes:       "",
+		AlbumOrder:       "name",
+		AlbumTemplate:    "",
+		AlbumCountry:     "zz",
+		AlbumYear:        0,
+		AlbumMonth:       0,
+		AlbumDay:         0,
+		AlbumFavorite:    false,
+		AlbumPrivate:     false,
+		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"november-2015": {
 		ID:               1000031,
@@ -816,7 +843,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"holiday": {
 		ID:               1000032,
@@ -841,7 +868,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2019, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"france-2020": {
 		ID:               1000033,
@@ -866,7 +893,7 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2018, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2020, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"greece-2024": {
 		ID:               1000034,
@@ -891,13 +918,18 @@ var AlbumFixtures = AlbumMap{
 		AlbumPrivate:     false,
 		CreatedAt:        time.Date(2024, 7, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:        time.Date(2025, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:        nil,
+		DeletedAt:        gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 }

 // CreateAlbumFixtures inserts known entities into the database for testing.
 func CreateAlbumFixtures() {
 	for _, entity := range AlbumFixtures {
-		Db().Create(&entity)
+		firstEntity := &Album{}
+		if err := Db().Model(&Album{}).Where("id = ?", entity.ID).First(&firstEntity).Error; err != nil {
+			Db().Create(&entity)
+		} else {
+			Db().Save(&entity)
+		}
 	}
 }
--- a/internal/entity/album_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album_test.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (

 func TestUpdateAlbum(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("InvalidUID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		err := UpdateAlbum("xxx", Map{"album_title": "New Title", "album_slug": "new-slug"})
+		err := UpdateAlbum("xxx", map[string]interface{}{"album_title": "New Title", "album_slug": "new-slug"})

 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ func TestAlbum_Updates(t *testing.T) {

 		assert.Equal(t, "test-title", album.AlbumSlug)

-		if err := album.Updates(Map{"album_title": "New Title", "album_slug": "new-slug"}); err != nil {
+		if err := album.Updates(map[string]interface{}{"album_title": "New Title", "album_slug": "new-slug"}); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}

@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ func TestAlbum_Updates(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("NoUID", func(t *testing.T) {
 		album := Album{}

-		err := album.Updates(Map{"album_title": "New Title", "album_slug": "new-slug"})
+		err := album.Updates(map[string]interface{}{"album_title": "New Title", "album_slug": "new-slug"})

 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
--- a/internal/entity/album_user.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album_user.go
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ import "github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"

 // AlbumUser represents the user and group ownership of an Album and the corresponding permissions.
 type AlbumUser struct {
-	UID     string `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;auto_increment:false" json:"UID" yaml:"UID"`
-	UserUID string `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;auto_increment:false;index" json:"UserUID,omitempty" yaml:"UserUID,omitempty"`
-	TeamUID string `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index" json:"TeamUID,omitempty" yaml:"TeamUID,omitempty"`
+	UID     string `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false" json:"UID" yaml:"UID"`
+	UserUID string `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false;index" json:"UserUID,omitempty" yaml:"UserUID,omitempty"`
+	TeamUID string `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index" json:"TeamUID,omitempty" yaml:"TeamUID,omitempty"`
 	Perm    uint   `json:"Perm,omitempty" yaml:"Perm,omitempty"`
 }

--- a/internal/entity/album_yaml.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album_yaml.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"

@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ func (m *Album) Yaml() (out []byte, err error) {
 	m.CreatedAt = m.CreatedAt.UTC().Truncate(time.Second)
 	m.UpdatedAt = m.UpdatedAt.UTC().Truncate(time.Second)

-	if err = Db().Model(m).Association("Photos").Find(&m.Photos).Error; err != nil {
+	if err = Db().Model(m).Association("Photos").Find(&m.Photos); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("album: %s (yaml)", err)
 		return out, err
 	}
@@ -131,7 +132,20 @@ func (m *Album) LoadFromYaml(fileName string) error {
 	}

 	if err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, m); err != nil {
-		return err
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "gorm.DeletedAt") && strings.Count(err.Error(), "\n") == 1 {
+			// try and fix the gorm.DeletedAt structure change
+			deletedAt := JustDeletedAt{}
+			if err = yaml.Unmarshal(data, &deletedAt); err != nil {
+				log.Errorf("album: yaml: unable to reparse DeletedAt with %s", err.Error())
+				return err
+			} else {
+				m.DeletedAt.Time = deletedAt.DeletedAt
+				m.DeletedAt.Valid = true
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			return err
+		}
 	}

 	return nil
--- a/internal/entity/album_yaml_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/album_yaml_test.go
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 package entity

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/fs"
 )

@@ -57,12 +62,12 @@ func TestAlbum_SaveAsYaml(t *testing.T) {
 			m = *found
 		}

-		backupPath := fs.Abs("testdata/TestAlbum_SaveAsYaml")
+		backupPath := fs.Abs("testdata/" + functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName() + "/TestAlbum_SaveAsYaml")

 		fileName, relName, err := m.YamlFileName(backupPath)

 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(fileName, "internal/entity/testdata/TestAlbum_SaveAsYaml/album/as6sg6bxpogaaba9.yml"))
+		assert.True(t, strings.HasSuffix(fileName, "internal/entity/testdata/"+functions.PhotoPrismTestToFolderName()+"/TestAlbum_SaveAsYaml/album/as6sg6bxpogaaba9.yml"))
 		assert.Equal(t, "album/as6sg6bxpogaaba9.yml", relName)

 		if err = m.SaveAsYaml(fileName); err != nil {
@@ -247,4 +252,175 @@ func TestAlbum_LoadFromYaml(t *testing.T) {

 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
+
+	t.Run("GormV1Format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		backupPath, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/albums")
+
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err = os.MkdirAll(backupPath+"/moment", fs.ModeDir); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		testFileName := backupPath + "/moment/as6sg6bipotaajfa.yml"
+		_, err = os.Stat(testFileName)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Gorm V1 format
+			newYaml := []byte("UID: as6sg6bipotaajfa\nSlug: cows\nType: moment\nTitle: Cows\nFilter: public:true label:supercow\nOrder: name\nDeletedAt: 2025-06-30T10:33:49Z\nCountry: zz\nCreatedAt: 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z\nUpdatedAt: 2025-06-30T10:33:49Z\n")
+			err = os.WriteFile(testFileName, newYaml, 0644)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		albumToCheck := Album{}
+
+		err = albumToCheck.LoadFromYaml(testFileName)
+
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bipotaajfa", albumToCheck.AlbumUID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "cows", albumToCheck.AlbumSlug)
+		assert.Equal(t, "moment", albumToCheck.AlbumType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Cows", albumToCheck.AlbumTitle)
+		assert.Equal(t, "public:true label:supercow", albumToCheck.AlbumFilter)
+		assert.Equal(t, "name", albumToCheck.AlbumOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "zz", albumToCheck.AlbumCountry)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.CreatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 49, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.UpdatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, gorm.DeletedAt{Time: time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 49, 0, time.UTC), Valid: true}, albumToCheck.DeletedAt)
+
+		if err = os.Remove(testFileName); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GormV2Format", func(t *testing.T) {
+		backupPath, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/albums")
+
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err = os.MkdirAll(backupPath+"/moment", fs.ModeDir); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		testFileName := backupPath + "/moment/as6sg6bipotaajfa.yml"
+		_, err = os.Stat(testFileName)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Gorm V2 format
+			newYaml := []byte("UID: as6sg6bipotaajfa\nSlug: cows\nType: moment\nTitle: Cows\nFilter: public:true label:cow\nOrder: name\nCountry: zz\nCreatedAt: 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z\nUpdatedAt: 2025-06-30T10:33:49Z\nDeletedAt:\n  time: 2025-06-30T10:33:50Z\n  valid: true\n")
+			err = os.WriteFile(testFileName, newYaml, 0644)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		albumToCheck := Album{}
+
+		err = albumToCheck.LoadFromYaml(testFileName)
+
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bipotaajfa", albumToCheck.AlbumUID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "cows", albumToCheck.AlbumSlug)
+		assert.Equal(t, "moment", albumToCheck.AlbumType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Cows", albumToCheck.AlbumTitle)
+		assert.Equal(t, "public:true label:cow", albumToCheck.AlbumFilter)
+		assert.Equal(t, "name", albumToCheck.AlbumOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "zz", albumToCheck.AlbumCountry)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.CreatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 49, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.UpdatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, gorm.DeletedAt{Time: time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 50, 0, time.UTC), Valid: true}, albumToCheck.DeletedAt)
+
+		if err = os.Remove(testFileName); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GormV1Format_Bad", func(t *testing.T) {
+		backupPath, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/albums")
+
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err = os.MkdirAll(backupPath+"/moment", fs.ModeDir); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		testFileName := backupPath + "/moment/as6sg6bipotaajfa_bad.yml"
+		_, err = os.Stat(testFileName)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Gorm V1 format
+			newYaml := []byte("UID: as6sg6bipotaajfa\nSlug: cows\nType: moment\nTitle: Cows\nFilter: public:true label:supercow\nOrder: name\nDeletedAt: 2025-06-30T10:33:49Z\nCountry: zz\nCreatedAt: 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z\nUpdatedAt: 2025-06-30T10:33:49Z\nYear: TwentyTen\n")
+			err = os.WriteFile(testFileName, newYaml, 0644)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		albumToCheck := Album{}
+
+		err = albumToCheck.LoadFromYaml(testFileName)
+
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "!!timestamp")
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "!!str")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bipotaajfa", albumToCheck.AlbumUID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "cows", albumToCheck.AlbumSlug)
+		assert.Equal(t, "moment", albumToCheck.AlbumType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Cows", albumToCheck.AlbumTitle)
+		assert.Equal(t, "public:true label:supercow", albumToCheck.AlbumFilter)
+		assert.Equal(t, "name", albumToCheck.AlbumOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "zz", albumToCheck.AlbumCountry)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.CreatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 49, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.UpdatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, gorm.DeletedAt{}, albumToCheck.DeletedAt)
+
+		if err = os.Remove(testFileName); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("GormV2Format_Bad", func(t *testing.T) {
+		backupPath, err := filepath.Abs("./testdata/albums")
+
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err = os.MkdirAll(backupPath+"/moment", fs.ModeDir); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		testFileName := backupPath + "/moment/as6sg6bipotaajfa_Bad.yml"
+		_, err = os.Stat(testFileName)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			// Gorm V2 format
+			newYaml := []byte("UID: as6sg6bipotaajfa\nSlug: cows\nType: moment\nTitle: Cows\nFilter: public:true label:cow\nOrder: name\nCountry: zz\nYear: TwentyTen\nCreatedAt: 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z\nUpdatedAt: 2025-06-30T10:33:49Z\nDeletedAt:\n  time: 2025-06-30T10:33:50Z\n  valid: true\n")
+			err = os.WriteFile(testFileName, newYaml, 0644)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+		}
+
+		albumToCheck := Album{}
+
+		err = albumToCheck.LoadFromYaml(testFileName)
+
+		assert.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "!!str")
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bipotaajfa", albumToCheck.AlbumUID)
+		assert.Equal(t, "cows", albumToCheck.AlbumSlug)
+		assert.Equal(t, "moment", albumToCheck.AlbumType)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Cows", albumToCheck.AlbumTitle)
+		assert.Equal(t, "public:true label:cow", albumToCheck.AlbumFilter)
+		assert.Equal(t, "name", albumToCheck.AlbumOrder)
+		assert.Equal(t, "zz", albumToCheck.AlbumCountry)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2020, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.CreatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 49, 0, time.UTC), albumToCheck.UpdatedAt)
+		assert.Equal(t, gorm.DeletedAt{Time: time.Date(2025, 6, 30, 10, 33, 50, 0, time.UTC), Valid: true}, albumToCheck.DeletedAt)
+
+		if err = os.Remove(testFileName); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	})
 }
--- a/internal/entity/auth_client.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_client.go
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize/english"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
@@ -29,17 +29,17 @@ type Clients []Client

 // Client represents a client application.
 type Client struct {
-	ClientUID    string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;auto_increment:false;" json:"-" yaml:"ClientUID"`
-	UserUID      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index;default:'';" json:"UserUID" yaml:"UserUID,omitempty"`
+	ClientUID    string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false;" json:"-" yaml:"ClientUID"`
+	UserUID      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index;default:'';" json:"UserUID" yaml:"UserUID,omitempty"`
 	UserName     string    `gorm:"size:200;index;" json:"UserName" yaml:"UserName,omitempty"`
-	user         *User     `gorm:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	user         *User     `gorm:"foreignKey:UserUID;references:UserUID" yaml:"-"`
 	ClientName   string    `gorm:"size:200;" json:"ClientName" yaml:"ClientName,omitempty"`
 	ClientRole   string    `gorm:"size:64;default:'';" json:"ClientRole" yaml:"ClientRole,omitempty"`
-	ClientType   string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(16)" json:"ClientType" yaml:"ClientType,omitempty"`
-	ClientURL    string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);default:'';column:client_url;" json:"ClientURL" yaml:"ClientURL,omitempty"`
-	CallbackURL  string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);default:'';column:callback_url;" json:"CallbackURL" yaml:"CallbackURL,omitempty"`
-	AuthProvider string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);default:'';" json:"AuthProvider" yaml:"AuthProvider,omitempty"`
-	AuthMethod   string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);default:'';" json:"AuthMethod" yaml:"AuthMethod,omitempty"`
+	ClientType   string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:16" json:"ClientType" yaml:"ClientType,omitempty"`
+	ClientURL    string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;default:'';column:client_url;" json:"ClientURL" yaml:"ClientURL,omitempty"`
+	CallbackURL  string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;default:'';column:callback_url;" json:"CallbackURL" yaml:"CallbackURL,omitempty"`
+	AuthProvider string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;default:'';" json:"AuthProvider" yaml:"AuthProvider,omitempty"`
+	AuthMethod   string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;default:'';" json:"AuthMethod" yaml:"AuthMethod,omitempty"`
 	AuthScope    string    `gorm:"size:1024;default:'';" json:"AuthScope" yaml:"AuthScope,omitempty"`
 	AuthExpires  int64     `json:"AuthExpires" yaml:"AuthExpires,omitempty"`
 	AuthTokens   int64     `json:"AuthTokens" yaml:"AuthTokens,omitempty"`
@@ -74,14 +74,14 @@ func NewClient() *Client {
 }

 // BeforeCreate creates a random UID if needed before inserting a new row to the database.
-func (m *Client) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {
+func (m *Client) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.DB) error {
 	if rnd.IsUID(m.ClientUID, ClientUID) {
 		return nil
 	}

 	m.ClientUID = rnd.GenerateUID(ClientUID)
-
-	return scope.SetColumn("ClientUID", m.ClientUID)
+	scope.Statement.SetColumn("ClientUID", m.ClientUID)
+	return scope.Error
 }

 // FindClientByUID returns the matching client or nil if it was not found.
--- a/internal/entity/auth_client_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_client_test.go
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@ func TestClient_Create(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	t.Run("AlreadyExists", func(t *testing.T) {
 		var m = ClientFixtures.Get("alice")
+		log.Info("Expect duplicate key violation Error or SQLSTATE from client.Create")
 		err := m.Create()
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
--- a/internal/entity/auth_session.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_session.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize/english"
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
@@ -36,33 +36,33 @@ type Sessions []Session

 // Session represents a User session.
 type Session struct {
-	ID            string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(2048);primary_key;auto_increment:false;" json:"-" yaml:"ID"`
+	ID            string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:2048;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false;" json:"-" yaml:"ID"`
 	authToken     string          `gorm:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	UserUID       string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index;default:'';" json:"UserUID" yaml:"UserUID,omitempty"`
+	UserUID       string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index;default:'';" json:"UserUID" yaml:"UserUID,omitempty"`
 	UserName      string          `gorm:"size:200;index;" json:"UserName" yaml:"UserName,omitempty"`
 	user          *User           `gorm:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	ClientUID     string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index;default:'';" json:"ClientUID" yaml:"ClientUID,omitempty"`
+	ClientUID     string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index;default:'';" json:"ClientUID" yaml:"ClientUID,omitempty"`
 	ClientName    string          `gorm:"size:200;default:'';" json:"ClientName" yaml:"ClientName,omitempty"`
 	ClientIP      string          `gorm:"size:64;column:client_ip;index" json:"ClientIP" yaml:"ClientIP,omitempty"`
 	client        *Client         `gorm:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	AuthProvider  string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);default:'';" json:"AuthProvider" yaml:"AuthProvider,omitempty"`
-	AuthMethod    string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);default:'';" json:"AuthMethod" yaml:"AuthMethod,omitempty"`
-	AuthIssuer    string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);default:'';" json:"AuthIssuer,omitempty" yaml:"AuthIssuer,omitempty"`
-	AuthID        string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);index;default:'';" json:"AuthID" yaml:"AuthID,omitempty"`
+	AuthProvider  string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;default:'';" json:"AuthProvider" yaml:"AuthProvider,omitempty"`
+	AuthMethod    string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;default:'';" json:"AuthMethod" yaml:"AuthMethod,omitempty"`
+	AuthIssuer    string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;default:'';" json:"AuthIssuer,omitempty" yaml:"AuthIssuer,omitempty"`
+	AuthID        string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;index;default:'';" json:"AuthID" yaml:"AuthID,omitempty"`
 	AuthScope     string          `gorm:"size:1024;default:'';" json:"AuthScope" yaml:"AuthScope,omitempty"`
-	GrantType     string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);default:'';" json:"GrantType" yaml:"GrantType,omitempty"`
+	GrantType     string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;default:'';" json:"GrantType" yaml:"GrantType,omitempty"`
 	LastActive    int64           `json:"LastActive" yaml:"LastActive,omitempty"`
 	SessExpires   int64           `gorm:"index" json:"Expires" yaml:"Expires,omitempty"`
 	SessTimeout   int64           `json:"Timeout" yaml:"Timeout,omitempty"`
-	PreviewToken  string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);column:preview_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	DownloadToken string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);column:download_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	AccessToken   string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(4096);column:access_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	RefreshToken  string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(2048);column:refresh_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	IdToken       string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(2048);column:id_token;default:'';" json:"IdToken,omitempty" yaml:"IdToken,omitempty"`
+	PreviewToken  string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;column:preview_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	DownloadToken string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;column:download_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	AccessToken   string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:4096;column:access_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	RefreshToken  string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:2048;column:refresh_token;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	IdToken       string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:2048;column:id_token;default:'';" json:"IdToken,omitempty" yaml:"IdToken,omitempty"`
 	UserAgent     string          `gorm:"size:512;" json:"UserAgent" yaml:"UserAgent,omitempty"`
-	DataJSON      json.RawMessage `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(4096);" json:"-" yaml:"Data,omitempty"`
+	DataJSON      json.RawMessage `gorm:"type:bytes;size:4096;" json:"-" yaml:"Data,omitempty"`
 	data          *SessionData    `gorm:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	RefID         string          `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(16);default:'';" json:"ID" yaml:"-"`
+	RefID         string          `gorm:"type:bytes;size:16;default:'';" json:"ID" yaml:"-"`
 	LoginIP       string          `gorm:"size:64;column:login_ip" json:"LoginIP" yaml:"-"`
 	LoginAt       time.Time       `json:"LoginAt" yaml:"-"`
 	CreatedAt     time.Time       `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"CreatedAt"`
@@ -226,10 +226,11 @@ func (m *Session) Updates(values interface{}) error {
 }

 // BeforeCreate creates a random UID if needed before inserting a new row to the database.
-func (m *Session) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {
+func (m *Session) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.DB) error {
 	if rnd.InvalidRefID(m.RefID) {
 		m.RefID = rnd.RefID(SessionPrefix)
-		Log("session", "set ref id", scope.SetColumn("RefID", m.RefID))
+		scope.Statement.SetColumn("RefID", m.RefID)
+		Log("session", "set ref id", scope.Error)
 	}

 	if rnd.IsSessionID(m.ID) {
@@ -237,8 +238,8 @@ func (m *Session) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {
 	}

 	m.Regenerate()
-
-	return scope.SetColumn("ID", m.ID)
+	scope.Statement.SetColumn("ID", m.ID)
+	return scope.Error
 }

 // SetClient updates the client of this session.
--- a/internal/entity/auth_session_cache.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_session_cache.go
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 package entity

 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"time"

 	gc "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/clean"
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ func FindSession(id string) (*Session, error) {
 		} else if err := cached.Delete(); err != nil {
 			event.AuditErr([]string{cached.IP(), "session %s", "failed to delete after expiration", "%s"}, cached.RefID, err)
 		}
-	} else if res := Db().First(&found, "id = ?", id); res.RecordNotFound() {
+	} else if res := Db().First(&found, "id = ?", id); errors.Is(res.Error, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 		return found, fmt.Errorf("invalid session")
 	} else if res.Error != nil {
 		return found, res.Error
--- a/internal/entity/auth_session_delete.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_session_delete.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize/english"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/functions"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/rnd"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/time/unix"
@@ -90,7 +91,8 @@ func DeleteClientSessions(client *Client, authMethod authn.MethodType, limit int
 		q = q.Where("auth_method = ?", authMethod.String())
 	}

-	q = q.Order("created_at DESC").Limit(1000000000).Offset(limit)
+	// NOTE: this loses precision of the token limit. But I think int64 does not make sense for that limit type anyway.
+	q = q.Order("created_at DESC").Limit(1000000000).Offset(functions.SafeInt64toint(limit))

 	found := Sessions{}

--- a/internal/entity/auth_session_fixtures.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_session_fixtures.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package entity

 import (
+	"time"
+
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/clean"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/rnd"
@@ -112,9 +114,9 @@ var SessionFixtures = SessionMap{
 		user:        UserFixtures.Pointer("bob"),
 		UserUID:     UserFixtures.Pointer("bob").UserUID,
 		UserName:    UserFixtures.Pointer("bob").UserName,
-		LoginAt:     Now().Add(-24),
-		CreatedAt:   Now().Add(-24),
-		UpdatedAt:   Now().Add(-24),
+		LoginAt:     Now().Add(time.Millisecond * -24),
+		CreatedAt:   Now().Add(time.Millisecond * -24),
+		UpdatedAt:   Now().Add(time.Millisecond * -24),
 	},
 	"unauthorized": {
 		authToken:   "69be27ac5ca305b394046a83f6fda18167ca3d3f2dbe7ac2",
@@ -167,9 +169,9 @@ var SessionFixtures = SessionMap{
 		user:        UserFixtures.Pointer("friend"),
 		UserUID:     UserFixtures.Pointer("friend").UserUID,
 		UserName:    UserFixtures.Pointer("friend").UserName,
-		LoginAt:     Now().Add(-12),
-		CreatedAt:   Now().Add(-20),
-		UpdatedAt:   Now().Add(-12),
+		LoginAt:     Now().Add(time.Millisecond * -12),
+		CreatedAt:   Now().Add(time.Millisecond * -20),
+		UpdatedAt:   Now().Add(time.Millisecond * -12),
 	},
 	"client_metrics": {
 		authToken:     "9d8b8801ffa23eb52e08ca7766283799ddfd8dd368212345",
--- a/internal/entity/auth_session_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_session_test.go
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ func TestSession_Create(t *testing.T) {

 		s.SetAuthToken(authToken)

+		log.Info("Expect duplicate key violation Error or SQLSTATE from session.Create")
 		err := s.Create()
 		assert.Error(t, err)
 	})
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user.go
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
 	"github.com/ulule/deepcopier"
 	"github.com/zitadel/oidc/v3/pkg/oidc"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
@@ -45,45 +45,45 @@ type Users []User

 // User represents a person that may optionally log in as user.
 type User struct {
-	ID            int           `gorm:"primary_key" json:"ID" yaml:"-"`
-	UUID          string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);column:user_uuid;index;" json:"UUID,omitempty" yaml:"UUID,omitempty"`
-	UserUID       string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);column:user_uid;unique_index;" json:"UID" yaml:"UID"`
-	AuthProvider  string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);default:'';" json:"AuthProvider" yaml:"AuthProvider,omitempty"`
-	AuthMethod    string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);default:'';" json:"AuthMethod" yaml:"AuthMethod,omitempty"`
-	AuthIssuer    string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);default:'';" json:"AuthIssuer,omitempty" yaml:"AuthIssuer,omitempty"`
-	AuthID        string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(255);index;default:'';" json:"AuthID" yaml:"AuthID,omitempty"`
-	UserName      string        `gorm:"size:200;index;" json:"Name" yaml:"Name,omitempty"`
-	DisplayName   string        `gorm:"size:200;" json:"DisplayName" yaml:"DisplayName,omitempty"`
-	UserEmail     string        `gorm:"size:255;index;" json:"Email" yaml:"Email,omitempty"`
-	BackupEmail   string        `gorm:"size:255;" json:"BackupEmail,omitempty" yaml:"BackupEmail,omitempty"`
-	UserRole      string        `gorm:"size:64;default:'';" json:"Role" yaml:"Role,omitempty"`
-	UserAttr      string        `gorm:"size:1024;" json:"Attr" yaml:"Attr,omitempty"`
-	SuperAdmin    bool          `json:"SuperAdmin" yaml:"SuperAdmin,omitempty"`
-	CanLogin      bool          `json:"CanLogin" yaml:"CanLogin,omitempty"`
-	LoginAt       *time.Time    `json:"LoginAt" yaml:"LoginAt,omitempty"`
-	ExpiresAt     *time.Time    `sql:"index" json:"ExpiresAt,omitempty" yaml:"ExpiresAt,omitempty"`
-	WebDAV        bool          `gorm:"column:webdav;" json:"WebDAV" yaml:"WebDAV,omitempty"`
-	BasePath      string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(1024);" json:"BasePath" yaml:"BasePath,omitempty"`
-	UploadPath    string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(1024);" json:"UploadPath" yaml:"UploadPath,omitempty"`
-	CanInvite     bool          `json:"CanInvite" yaml:"CanInvite,omitempty"`
-	InviteToken   string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);index;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	InvitedBy     string        `gorm:"size:64;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	VerifyToken   string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	VerifiedAt    *time.Time    `json:"VerifiedAt,omitempty" yaml:"VerifiedAt,omitempty"`
-	ConsentAt     *time.Time    `json:"ConsentAt,omitempty" yaml:"ConsentAt,omitempty"`
-	BornAt        *time.Time    `sql:"index" json:"BornAt,omitempty" yaml:"BornAt,omitempty"`
-	UserDetails   *UserDetails  `gorm:"PRELOAD:true;foreignkey:UserUID;association_foreignkey:UserUID;" json:"Details,omitempty" yaml:"Details,omitempty"`
-	UserSettings  *UserSettings `gorm:"PRELOAD:true;foreignkey:UserUID;association_foreignkey:UserUID;" json:"Settings,omitempty" yaml:"Settings,omitempty"`
-	UserShares    UserShares    `gorm:"-" json:"Shares,omitempty" yaml:"Shares,omitempty"`
-	ResetToken    string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	PreviewToken  string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);column:preview_token;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	DownloadToken string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);column:download_token;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	Thumb         string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(128);index;default:'';" json:"Thumb" yaml:"Thumb,omitempty"`
-	ThumbSrc      string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(8);default:'';" json:"ThumbSrc" yaml:"ThumbSrc,omitempty"`
-	RefID         string        `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(16);" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	CreatedAt     time.Time     `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"-"`
-	UpdatedAt     time.Time     `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"-"`
-	DeletedAt     *time.Time    `sql:"index" json:"DeletedAt,omitempty" yaml:"-"`
+	ID            int            `gorm:"primaryKey;" json:"ID" yaml:"-"`
+	UUID          string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;column:user_uuid;index;" json:"UUID,omitempty" yaml:"UUID,omitempty"`
+	UserUID       string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;column:user_uid;uniqueIndex;" json:"UID" yaml:"UID"`
+	AuthProvider  string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;default:'';" json:"AuthProvider" yaml:"AuthProvider,omitempty"`
+	AuthMethod    string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;default:'';" json:"AuthMethod" yaml:"AuthMethod,omitempty"`
+	AuthIssuer    string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;default:'';" json:"AuthIssuer,omitempty" yaml:"AuthIssuer,omitempty"`
+	AuthID        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:255;index;default:'';" json:"AuthID" yaml:"AuthID,omitempty"`
+	UserName      string         `gorm:"size:200;index;" json:"Name" yaml:"Name,omitempty"`
+	DisplayName   string         `gorm:"size:200;" json:"DisplayName" yaml:"DisplayName,omitempty"`
+	UserEmail     string         `gorm:"size:255;index;" json:"Email" yaml:"Email,omitempty"`
+	BackupEmail   string         `gorm:"size:255;" json:"BackupEmail,omitempty" yaml:"BackupEmail,omitempty"`
+	UserRole      string         `gorm:"size:64;default:'';" json:"Role" yaml:"Role,omitempty"`
+	UserAttr      string         `gorm:"size:1024;" json:"Attr" yaml:"Attr,omitempty"`
+	SuperAdmin    bool           `json:"SuperAdmin" yaml:"SuperAdmin,omitempty"`
+	CanLogin      bool           `json:"CanLogin" yaml:"CanLogin,omitempty"`
+	LoginAt       *time.Time     `json:"LoginAt" yaml:"LoginAt,omitempty"`
+	ExpiresAt     *time.Time     `sql:"index" json:"ExpiresAt,omitempty" yaml:"ExpiresAt,omitempty"`
+	WebDAV        bool           `gorm:"column:webdav;" json:"WebDAV" yaml:"WebDAV,omitempty"`
+	BasePath      string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:1024;" json:"BasePath" yaml:"BasePath,omitempty"`
+	UploadPath    string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:1024;" json:"UploadPath" yaml:"UploadPath,omitempty"`
+	CanInvite     bool           `json:"CanInvite" yaml:"CanInvite,omitempty"`
+	InviteToken   string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;index;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	InvitedBy     string         `gorm:"size:64;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	VerifyToken   string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	VerifiedAt    *time.Time     `json:"VerifiedAt,omitempty" yaml:"VerifiedAt,omitempty"`
+	ConsentAt     *time.Time     `json:"ConsentAt,omitempty" yaml:"ConsentAt,omitempty"`
+	BornAt        *time.Time     `sql:"index" json:"BornAt,omitempty" yaml:"BornAt,omitempty"`
+	UserDetails   *UserDetails   `gorm:"foreignKey:UserUID;references:UserUID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"Details,omitempty" yaml:"Details,omitempty"`
+	UserSettings  *UserSettings  `gorm:"foreignKey:UserUID;references:UserUID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"Settings,omitempty" yaml:"Settings,omitempty"`
+	UserShares    []UserShare    `gorm:"foreignKey:UserUID;references:UserUID" json:"Shares,omitempty" yaml:"Shares,omitempty"`
+	ResetToken    string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	PreviewToken  string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;column:preview_token;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	DownloadToken string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;column:download_token;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	Thumb         string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:128;index;default:'';" json:"Thumb" yaml:"Thumb,omitempty"`
+	ThumbSrc      string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:8;default:'';" json:"ThumbSrc" yaml:"ThumbSrc,omitempty"`
+	RefID         string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:16;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	CreatedAt     time.Time      `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"-"`
+	UpdatedAt     time.Time      `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"-"`
+	DeletedAt     gorm.DeletedAt `sql:"index" json:"DeletedAt,omitempty" yaml:"-"`
 }

 // TableName returns the entity table name.
@@ -163,7 +163,10 @@ func FindUser(find User) *User {
 	}

 	// Find matching record.
-	if err := stmt.First(m).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := stmt.
+		Preload("UserDetails").
+		Preload("UserSettings").
+		First(m).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}

@@ -212,6 +215,8 @@ func FindLocalUser(userName string) *User {
 	// Build query.
 	if err := UnscopedDb().
 		Where("user_name = ? AND auth_provider IN (?)", name, providers).
+		Preload("UserDetails").
+		Preload("UserSettings").
 		First(m).Error; err != nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -310,7 +315,12 @@ func (m *User) Create() (err error) {
 func (m *User) Save() (err error) {
 	m.GenerateTokens(false)

-	err = UnscopedDb().Save(m).Error
+	// Gormv2 doesn't call BeforeCreate, so check that UserUID is populated as a validity check.
+	if len(m.UserUID) == 0 {
+		err = UnscopedDb().Create(m).Error
+	} else {
+		err = UnscopedDb().Save(m).Error
+	}

 	if err == nil {
 		m.SaveRelated()
@@ -340,11 +350,7 @@ func (m *User) Delete() (err error) {

 // IsDeleted checks if the user account has been deleted.
 func (m *User) IsDeleted() bool {
-	if m.DeletedAt == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return !m.DeletedAt.IsZero()
+	return m.DeletedAt.Valid
 }

 // LoadRelated loads related settings and details.
@@ -374,7 +380,7 @@ func (m *User) Updates(values interface{}) error {
 }

 // BeforeCreate sets a random UID if needed before inserting a new row to the database.
-func (m *User) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {
+func (m *User) BeforeCreate(db *gorm.DB) (err error) {
 	if m.UserSettings != nil {
 		m.UserSettings.UserUID = m.UserUID
 	}
@@ -387,7 +393,8 @@ func (m *User) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {

 	if rnd.InvalidRefID(m.RefID) {
 		m.RefID = rnd.RefID(UserPrefix)
-		Log("user", "set ref id", scope.SetColumn("RefID", m.RefID))
+		db.Statement.SetColumn("RefID", m.RefID)
+		Log("user", "set ref id", db.Error)
 	}

 	if rnd.IsUnique(m.UserUID, UserUID) {
@@ -395,7 +402,8 @@ func (m *User) BeforeCreate(scope *gorm.Scope) error {
 	}

 	m.UserUID = rnd.GenerateUID(UserUID)
-	return scope.SetColumn("UserUID", m.UserUID)
+	db.Statement.SetColumn("UserUID", m.UserUID)
+	return db.Error
 }

 // IsExpired checks if the user account has expired.
@@ -628,7 +636,7 @@ func (m *User) SetAuthID(id, issuer string) *User {
 	// Make sure other users do not use the same identifier.
 	if m.HasUID() && m.AuthProvider != "" {
 		if err := UnscopedDb().Model(&User{}).
-			Where("user_uid <> ? AND auth_provider = ? AND auth_id = ? AND super_admin = 0", m.UserUID, m.AuthProvider, m.AuthID).
+			Where("user_uid <> ? AND auth_provider = ? AND auth_id = ? AND super_admin = FALSE", m.UserUID, m.AuthProvider, m.AuthID).
 			Updates(map[string]interface{}{"auth_id": "", "auth_provider": authn.ProviderNone}).Error; err != nil {
 			event.AuditErr([]string{"user %s", "failed to resolve auth id conflicts", "%s"}, m.RefID, err)
 		}
@@ -644,7 +652,7 @@ func (m *User) UpdateAuthID(id, issuer string) error {
 	}

 	// Update auth id and issuer record.
-	return m.SetAuthID(id, issuer).Updates(Map{
+	return m.SetAuthID(id, issuer).Updates(map[string]interface{}{
 		"AuthID":     m.AuthID,
 		"AuthIssuer": m.AuthIssuer,
 	})
@@ -721,7 +729,7 @@ func (m *User) UpdateUsername(login string) (err error) {
 	}

 	// Save to database.
-	return m.Updates(Map{
+	return m.Updates(map[string]interface{}{
 		"UserName":    m.UserName,
 		"DisplayName": m.DisplayName,
 	})
@@ -1175,7 +1183,7 @@ func (m *User) RegenerateTokens() error {

 	m.GenerateTokens(true)

-	return m.Updates(Map{"PreviewToken": m.PreviewToken, "DownloadToken": m.DownloadToken})
+	return m.Updates(map[string]interface{}{"PreviewToken": m.PreviewToken, "DownloadToken": m.DownloadToken})
 }

 // RefreshShares updates the list of shares.
@@ -1190,7 +1198,7 @@ func (m *User) NoShares() bool {
 		return true
 	}

-	return m.UserShares.Empty()
+	return UserShares(m.UserShares).Empty()
 }

 // HasShares checks if the user has any shares.
@@ -1205,7 +1213,7 @@ func (m *User) HasShare(uid string) bool {
 	}

 	// Check if the share list contains the specified UID.
-	return m.UserShares.Contains(uid)
+	return UserShares(m.UserShares).Contains(uid)
 }

 // SharedUIDs returns shared entity UIDs.
@@ -1214,7 +1222,7 @@ func (m *User) SharedUIDs() UIDs {
 		m.RefreshShares()
 	}

-	return m.UserShares.UIDs()
+	return UserShares(m.UserShares).UIDs()
 }

 // RedeemToken updates shared entity UIDs using the specified token.
@@ -1326,7 +1334,7 @@ func (m *User) SaveForm(frm form.User, u *User) error {
 	} else if u.IsAdmin() {
 		// Restore account.
 		if frm.DeletedAt == nil {
-			m.DeletedAt = nil
+			m.DeletedAt = gorm.DeletedAt{}
 		}

 		// Prevent admins from locking themselves out.
@@ -1440,5 +1448,5 @@ func (m *User) SetAvatar(thumb, thumbSrc string) error {
 	m.Thumb = thumb
 	m.ThumbSrc = thumbSrc

-	return m.Updates(Map{"Thumb": m.Thumb, "ThumbSrc": m.ThumbSrc})
+	return m.Updates(map[string]interface{}{"Thumb": m.Thumb, "ThumbSrc": m.ThumbSrc})
 }
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_add.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_add.go
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package entity
 import (
 	"fmt"

-	"github.com/jinzhu/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/form"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_cli.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_cli.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package entity

 import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/form"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ func (m *User) SetValuesFromCli(ctx *cli.Context) error {

 // RestoreFromCli restored the account from a CLI context.
 func (m *User) RestoreFromCli(ctx *cli.Context, newPassword string) (err error) {
-	m.DeletedAt = nil
+	m.DeletedAt = gorm.DeletedAt{}

 	// Set values.
 	if err = m.SetValuesFromCli(ctx); err != nil {
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_default.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_default.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package entity

 import (
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/entity/legacy"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
 )
@@ -67,22 +68,24 @@ func CreateDefaultUsers() {
 	if admin := FindUser(Admin); admin != nil {
 		Admin = *admin
 	} else {
-		// Set legacy values.
-		if leg := FindLegacyUser(Admin); leg != nil {
-			Admin.UserUID = leg.UserUID
-			if leg.UserName != "" {
-				Admin.UserName = leg.UserName
+		// Set legacy values if the legacy table exists.
+		if Db().Migrator().HasTable(&legacy.User{}) {
+			if leg := FindLegacyUser(Admin); leg != nil {
+				Admin.UserUID = leg.UserUID
+				if leg.UserName != "" {
+					Admin.UserName = leg.UserName
+				}
+				if leg.PrimaryEmail != "" {
+					Admin.UserEmail = leg.PrimaryEmail
+				}
+				if leg.FullName != "" {
+					Admin.DisplayName = leg.FullName
+				}
+				if leg.LoginAt != nil {
+					Admin.LoginAt = leg.LoginAt
+				}
+				log.Infof("users: migrating %s account", Admin.UserName)
 			}
-			if leg.PrimaryEmail != "" {
-				Admin.UserEmail = leg.PrimaryEmail
-			}
-			if leg.FullName != "" {
-				Admin.DisplayName = leg.FullName
-			}
-			if leg.LoginAt != nil {
-				Admin.LoginAt = leg.LoginAt
-			}
-			log.Infof("users: migrating %s account", Admin.UserName)
 		}

 		// Set default values.
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_details.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_details.go
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ const (

 // UserDetails represents user profile information.
 type UserDetails struct {
-	UserUID      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;auto_increment:false;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	SubjUID      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index;" json:"SubjUID,omitempty" yaml:"SubjUID,omitempty"`
-	SubjSrc      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(8);default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"SubjSrc,omitempty"`
-	PlaceID      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index;default:'zz'" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	PlaceSrc     string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(8);" json:"-" yaml:"PlaceSrc,omitempty"`
-	CellID       string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);index;default:'zz'" json:"-" yaml:"CellID,omitempty"`
+	UserUID      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	SubjUID      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index;" json:"SubjUID,omitempty" yaml:"SubjUID,omitempty"`
+	SubjSrc      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:8;default:'';" json:"-" yaml:"SubjSrc,omitempty"`
+	PlaceID      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index;default:'zz';" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	PlaceSrc     string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:8;" json:"-" yaml:"PlaceSrc,omitempty"`
+	CellID       string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;index;default:'zz';" json:"-" yaml:"CellID,omitempty"`
 	BirthYear    int       `gorm:"default:-1;" json:"BirthYear" yaml:"BirthYear,omitempty"`
 	BirthMonth   int       `gorm:"default:-1;" json:"BirthMonth" yaml:"BirthMonth,omitempty"`
 	BirthDay     int       `gorm:"default:-1;" json:"BirthDay" yaml:"BirthDay,omitempty"`
@@ -32,23 +32,23 @@ type UserDetails struct {
 	FamilyName   string    `gorm:"size:64;" json:"FamilyName" yaml:"FamilyName,omitempty"`
 	NameSuffix   string    `gorm:"size:32;" json:"NameSuffix" yaml:"NameSuffix,omitempty"`
 	NickName     string    `gorm:"size:64;" json:"NickName" yaml:"NickName,omitempty"`
-	NameSrc      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(8);" json:"NameSrc" yaml:"NameSrc,omitempty"`
+	NameSrc      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:8;" json:"NameSrc" yaml:"NameSrc,omitempty"`
 	UserGender   string    `gorm:"size:16;" json:"Gender" yaml:"Gender,omitempty"`
 	UserAbout    string    `gorm:"size:512;" json:"About" yaml:"About,omitempty"`
 	UserBio      string    `gorm:"size:2048;" json:"Bio" yaml:"Bio,omitempty"`
 	UserLocation string    `gorm:"size:512;" json:"Location" yaml:"Location,omitempty"`
-	UserCountry  string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(2);default:'zz'" json:"Country" yaml:"Country,omitempty"`
+	UserCountry  string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:2;default:'zz';" json:"Country" yaml:"Country,omitempty"`
 	UserPhone    string    `gorm:"size:32;" json:"Phone" yaml:"Phone,omitempty"`
-	SiteURL      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(512);column:site_url" json:"SiteURL" yaml:"SiteURL,omitempty"`
-	ProfileURL   string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(512);column:profile_url" json:"ProfileURL" yaml:"ProfileURL,omitempty"`
-	FeedURL      string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(512);column:feed_url" json:"FeedURL,omitempty" yaml:"FeedURL,omitempty"`
-	AvatarURL    string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(512);column:avatar_url" json:"AvatarURL,omitempty" yaml:"AvatarURL,omitempty"`
+	SiteURL      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:512;column:site_url" json:"SiteURL" yaml:"SiteURL,omitempty"`
+	ProfileURL   string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:512;column:profile_url" json:"ProfileURL" yaml:"ProfileURL,omitempty"`
+	FeedURL      string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:512;column:feed_url" json:"FeedURL,omitempty" yaml:"FeedURL,omitempty"`
+	AvatarURL    string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:512;column:avatar_url" json:"AvatarURL,omitempty" yaml:"AvatarURL,omitempty"`
 	OrgTitle     string    `gorm:"size:64;" json:"OrgTitle" yaml:"OrgTitle,omitempty"`
 	OrgName      string    `gorm:"size:128;" json:"OrgName" yaml:"OrgName,omitempty"`
 	OrgEmail     string    `gorm:"size:255;index;" json:"OrgEmail" yaml:"OrgEmail,omitempty"`
 	OrgPhone     string    `gorm:"size:32;" json:"OrgPhone" yaml:"OrgPhone,omitempty"`
-	OrgURL       string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(512);column:org_url" json:"OrgURL" yaml:"OrgURL,omitempty"`
-	IdURL        string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(512);column:id_url;" json:"IdURL,omitempty" yaml:"IdURL,omitempty"`
+	OrgURL       string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:512;column:org_url" json:"OrgURL" yaml:"OrgURL,omitempty"`
+	IdURL        string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:512;column:id_url;" json:"IdURL,omitempty" yaml:"IdURL,omitempty"`
 	CreatedAt    time.Time `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"-"`
 	UpdatedAt    time.Time `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"-"`
 }
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_details_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_details_test.go
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ func TestCreateUserDetails(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	t.Run("Success", func(t *testing.T) {
 		m := &User{UserUID: "1234"}
+		if err := Db().Create(m).Error; err != nil { // Have to create a user BEFORE adding details to it.
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
 		err := CreateUserDetails(m)

 		if err != nil {
@@ -33,6 +36,7 @@ func TestUserDetails_Updates(t *testing.T) {
 	m := &User{
 		UserUID: "1234",
 		UserDetails: &UserDetails{
+			UserUID:    "1234", // m.UserDetails.Updates fails with WHERE conditions required.
 			BirthYear:  1999,
 			BirthMonth: 3,
 			NameTitle:  "Dr.",
@@ -41,7 +45,7 @@ func TestUserDetails_Updates(t *testing.T) {
 			FamilyName: "Doe",
 		}}

-	m.UserDetails.Updates(UserDetails{GivenName: "Jane"})
+	assert.Nil(t, m.UserDetails.Updates(UserDetails{GivenName: "Jane"}))
 	assert.Equal(t, "Jane", m.UserDetails.GivenName)
 }

--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_fixtures.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_fixtures.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package entity

 import (
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/authn"
 )
@@ -118,7 +120,7 @@ var UserFixtures = UserMap{
 		CanLogin:     false,
 		WebDAV:       true,
 		CanInvite:    false,
-		DeletedAt:    TimeStamp(),
+		DeletedAt:    gorm.DeletedAt{Time: Now(), Valid: true},
 		UserSettings: &UserSettings{
 			UITheme:     "",
 			MapsStyle:   "",
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_legacy.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_legacy.go
@@ -10,51 +10,58 @@ import (

 // FindLegacyUser returns the matching legacy user or nil if it was not found.
 func FindLegacyUser(find User) *legacy.User {
-	m := &legacy.User{}
+	// Make sure that the legacy.User table exists to avoid DBMS errors
+	if Db().Migrator().HasTable(&legacy.User{}) {
+		m := &legacy.User{}

-	// Build query.
-	stmt := Db()
-	if find.ID != 0 {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("id = ?", find.ID)
-	} else if find.UserUID != "" {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("user_uid = ?", find.UserUID)
-	} else if find.UserName != "" {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("user_name = ?", find.UserName)
-	} else if find.UserEmail != "" {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("primary_email = ?", find.UserEmail)
+		// Build query.
+		stmt := Db()
+		if find.ID != 0 {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("id = ?", find.ID)
+		} else if find.UserUID != "" {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("user_uid = ?", find.UserUID)
+		} else if find.UserName != "" {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("user_name = ?", find.UserName)
+		} else if find.UserEmail != "" {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("primary_email = ?", find.UserEmail)
+		} else {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// Find matching record.
+		if err := stmt.First(m).Error; err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return m
 	} else {
 		return nil
 	}
-
-	// Find matching record.
-	if err := stmt.First(m).Error; err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return m
 }

 // FindLegacyUsers finds registered legacy users.
 func FindLegacyUsers(search string) legacy.Users {
 	result := legacy.Users{}
+	// Make sure that the legacy.User table exists to avoid DBMS errors
+	if Db().Migrator().HasTable(&legacy.User{}) {
+		stmt := Db()

-	stmt := Db()
+		search = strings.TrimSpace(search)

-	search = strings.TrimSpace(search)
+		if search == "all" {
+			// Don't filter.
+		} else if id := txt.Int(search); id != 0 {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("id = ?", id)
+		} else if rnd.IsUID(search, UserUID) {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("user_uid = ?", search)
+		} else if search != "" {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("user_name LIKE ? OR primary_email LIKE ? OR full_name LIKE ?", search+"%", search+"%", search+"%")
+		} else {
+			stmt = stmt.Where("id > 0")
+		}

-	if search == "all" {
-		// Don't filter.
-	} else if id := txt.Int(search); id != 0 {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("id = ?", id)
-	} else if rnd.IsUID(search, UserUID) {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("user_uid = ?", search)
-	} else if search != "" {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("user_name LIKE ? OR primary_email LIKE ? OR full_name LIKE ?", search+"%", search+"%", search+"%")
-	} else {
-		stmt = stmt.Where("id > 0")
+		stmt.Order("id").Find(&result)
 	}

-	stmt.Order("id").Find(&result)
-
 	return result
 }
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_legacy_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_legacy_test.go
@@ -10,53 +10,67 @@ import (
 )

 func TestFindLegacyUser(t *testing.T) {
+	// Handle case where we are using a real database, rather than sqlite in memory db
+	if Db().Migrator().HasTable("users") {
+		if err := Db().Migrator().DropTable(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("TestFindLegacyUser: failed dropping legacy.User")
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	}
 	notFound := FindLegacyUser(Admin)
 	assert.Nil(t, notFound)

 	// t.Logf("Legacy Admin: %#v", notFound)

-	if err := Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("TestFindLegacyUser: %s (waiting 1s)", err.Error())

 		time.Sleep(time.Second)

-		if err = Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err = Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("TestFindLegacyUser: failed migrating legacy.User")
 			t.Error(err)
 		}
 	}

-	Db().Save(legacy.Admin)
+	Db().Save(&legacy.Admin)

 	found := FindLegacyUser(Admin)
 	assert.NotNil(t, found)

 	// t.Logf("Legacy Admin: %#v", found)

-	if err := Db().DropTable(legacy.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := Db().Migrator().DropTable(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("TestFindLegacyUser: failed dropping legacy.User")
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
 }

 func TestFindLegacyUsers(t *testing.T) {
+	// Handle case where we are using a real database, rather than sqlite in memory db
+	if Db().Migrator().HasTable("users") {
+		if err := Db().Migrator().DropTable(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("TestFindLegacyUser: failed dropping legacy.User")
+			t.Error(err)
+		}
+	}
 	notFound := FindLegacyUsers("all")
 	assert.Len(t, notFound, 0)

 	// t.Logf("Legacy Users: %#v", notFound)

-	if err := Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
 		log.Debugf("TestFindLegacyUser: %s (waiting 1s)", err.Error())

 		time.Sleep(time.Second)

-		if err = Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+		if err = Db().AutoMigrate(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
 			log.Errorf("TestFindLegacyUser: failed migrating legacy.User")
 			t.Error(err)
 		}
 	}

-	Db().Save(legacy.Admin)
+	Db().Save(&legacy.Admin)

 	found := FindLegacyUsers("all")

@@ -65,7 +79,7 @@ func TestFindLegacyUsers(t *testing.T) {

 	// t.Logf("Legacy Users: %#v", found)

-	if err := Db().DropTable(legacy.User{}).Error; err != nil {
+	if err := Db().Migrator().DropTable(legacy.User{}); err != nil {
 		log.Errorf("TestFindLegacyUser: failed dropping legacy.User")
 		t.Error(err)
 	}
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_settings.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_settings.go
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@ import (

 // UserSettings represents user preferences.
 type UserSettings struct {
-	UserUID              string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;auto_increment:false;" json:"-" yaml:"UserUID"`
-	UITheme              string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(32);column:ui_theme;" json:"UITheme,omitempty" yaml:"UITheme,omitempty"`
+	UserUID              string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false" json:"-" yaml:"UserUID"`
+	UITheme              string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:32;column:ui_theme;" json:"UITheme,omitempty" yaml:"UITheme,omitempty"`
 	UIStartPage          string    `gorm:"size:64;column:ui_start_page;default:'default';" json:"UIStartPage,omitempty" yaml:"UIStartPage,omitempty"`
-	UILanguage           string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(32);column:ui_language;" json:"UILanguage,omitempty" yaml:"UILanguage,omitempty"`
-	UITimeZone           string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(64);column:ui_time_zone;" json:"UITimeZone,omitempty" yaml:"UITimeZone,omitempty"`
-	MapsStyle            string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(32);" json:"MapsStyle,omitempty" yaml:"MapsStyle,omitempty"`
+	UILanguage           string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:32;column:ui_language;" json:"UILanguage,omitempty" yaml:"UILanguage,omitempty"`
+	UITimeZone           string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:64;column:ui_time_zone;" json:"UITimeZone,omitempty" yaml:"UITimeZone,omitempty"`
+	MapsStyle            string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:32;" json:"MapsStyle,omitempty" yaml:"MapsStyle,omitempty"`
 	MapsAnimate          int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"MapsAnimate,omitempty" yaml:"MapsAnimate,omitempty"`
-	IndexPath            string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(1024);" json:"IndexPath,omitempty" yaml:"IndexPath,omitempty"`
+	IndexPath            string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:1024;" json:"IndexPath,omitempty" yaml:"IndexPath,omitempty"`
 	IndexRescan          int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"IndexRescan,omitempty" yaml:"IndexRescan,omitempty"`
-	ImportPath           string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(1024);" json:"ImportPath,omitempty" yaml:"ImportPath,omitempty"`
+	ImportPath           string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:1024;" json:"ImportPath,omitempty" yaml:"ImportPath,omitempty"`
 	ImportMove           int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"ImportMove,omitempty" yaml:"ImportMove,omitempty"`
 	DownloadOriginals    int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"DownloadOriginals,omitempty" yaml:"DownloadOriginals,omitempty"`
 	DownloadMediaRaw     int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"DownloadMediaRaw,omitempty" yaml:"DownloadMediaRaw,omitempty"`
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type UserSettings struct {
 	SearchListView       int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"SearchListView,omitempty" yaml:"SearchListView,omitempty"`
 	SearchShowTitles     int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"SearchShowTitles,omitempty" yaml:"SearchShowTitles,omitempty"`
 	SearchShowCaptions   int       `gorm:"default:0;" json:"SearchShowCaptions,omitempty" yaml:"SearchShowCaptions,omitempty"`
-	UploadPath           string    `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(1024);" json:"UploadPath,omitempty" yaml:"UploadPath,omitempty"`
+	UploadPath           string    `gorm:"type:bytes;size:1024;" json:"UploadPath,omitempty" yaml:"UploadPath,omitempty"`
 	CreatedAt            time.Time `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"-"`
 	UpdatedAt            time.Time `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"-"`
 }
@@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ func CreateUserSettings(user *User) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("empty user uid")
 	}

-	user.UserSettings = &UserSettings{}
+	user.UserSettings = &UserSettings{
+		UserUID: user.UserUID,
+	}

 	if err := Db().Where("user_uid = ?", user.GetUID()).First(user.UserSettings).Error; err == nil {
 		return nil
@@ -74,6 +76,9 @@ func (m *UserSettings) Create() error {

 // Save updates the record in the database or inserts a new record if it does not already exist.
 func (m *UserSettings) Save() error {
+	if m.UserUID == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Cannot save user settings without UserUID")
+	}
 	return Db().Save(m).Error
 }

--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_settings_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_settings_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ func TestCreateUserSettings(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	t.Run("Success", func(t *testing.T) {
 		m := &User{UserUID: "1234"}
+		Db().Create(m) // Have to create a user BEFORE adding settings to it.
 		err := CreateUserSettings(m)

 		if err != nil {
@@ -35,11 +36,12 @@ func TestUserSettings_Updates(t *testing.T) {
 	m := &User{
 		UserUID: "1234",
 		UserSettings: &UserSettings{
+			UserUID:    "1234", // Required to prevent WHERE conditions required error.
 			UITheme:    "carbon",
 			UILanguage: "de",
 		}}

-	m.UserSettings.Updates(UserSettings{UITheme: "vanta", UILanguage: "en"})
+	assert.Nil(t, m.UserSettings.Updates(UserSettings{UITheme: "vanta", UILanguage: "en"}))
 	assert.Equal(t, "vanta", m.UserSettings.UITheme)
 	assert.Equal(t, "en", m.UserSettings.UILanguage)
 }
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_share.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_share.go
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ func (m UserShares) Contains(uid string) bool {

 // UserShare represents content shared with a user.
 type UserShare struct {
-	UserUID   string     `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;auto_increment:false;" json:"-" yaml:"UserUID"`
-	ShareUID  string     `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);primary_key;index;" json:"ShareUID" yaml:"ShareUID"`
-	LinkUID   string     `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(42);" json:"LinkUID,omitempty" yaml:"LinkUID,omitempty"`
+	UserUID   string     `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;autoIncrement:false;" json:"-" yaml:"UserUID"`
+	ShareUID  string     `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;primaryKey;index;" json:"ShareUID" yaml:"ShareUID"`
+	LinkUID   string     `gorm:"type:bytes;size:42;" json:"LinkUID,omitempty" yaml:"LinkUID,omitempty"`
 	ExpiresAt *time.Time `sql:"index" json:"ExpiresAt,omitempty" yaml:"ExpiresAt,omitempty"`
 	Comment   string     `gorm:"size:512;" json:"Comment,omitempty" yaml:"Comment,omitempty"`
 	Perm      uint       `json:"Perm,omitempty" yaml:"Perm,omitempty"`
-	RefID     string     `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(16);" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	RefID     string     `gorm:"type:bytes;size:16;" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
 	CreatedAt time.Time  `json:"CreatedAt" yaml:"-"`
 	UpdatedAt time.Time  `json:"UpdatedAt" yaml:"-"`
 }
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ func (m *UserShare) UpdateLink(link Link) error {
 	m.UpdatedAt = Now()
 	m.ExpiresAt = link.ExpiresAt()

-	values := Map{
+	values := map[string]interface{}{
 		"link_uid":   m.LinkUID,
 		"expires_at": m.ExpiresAt,
 		"comment":    m.Comment,
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_share_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_share_test.go
@@ -103,12 +103,17 @@ func TestFindUserShares(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestUserShare_Create(t *testing.T) {
-	m := UserShare{}
+	newUser := &User{ID: 942198341, UserName: "testUser41"}
+	Db().Create(newUser)
+
+	m := UserShare{UserUID: newUser.UserUID}
 	err := m.Create()

 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
+	UnscopedDb().Delete(m)
+	UnscopedDb().Delete(newUser)
 }

 func TestUserShare_UpdateLink(t *testing.T) {
--- a/internal/entity/auth_user_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/auth_user_test.go
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 package entity

 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/zitadel/oidc/v3/pkg/oidc"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"

 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/auth/acl"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/form"
@@ -380,7 +384,8 @@ func TestUser_InvalidPassword(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, m.InvalidPassword("wrong-password"))
 	})
 	t.Run("no password existing", func(t *testing.T) {
-		p := User{UserUID: "u000000000000010", UserName: "Hans", DisplayName: ""}
+		expected := rnd.GenerateUID(UserUID)
+		p := User{UserUID: expected, UserName: "HansNP", DisplayName: ""}
 		err := p.Save()
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
@@ -664,16 +669,24 @@ func TestUser_SameUID(t *testing.T) {

 func TestUser_String(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("UID", func(t *testing.T) {
-		p := User{UserUID: "abc123", UserName: "", DisplayName: ""}
-		assert.Equal(t, "abc123", p.String())
+		expected := rnd.GenerateUID(UserUID) // Use a valid UID, otherwise it will be replaced by BeforeCreate.
+		p := User{UserUID: expected, UserName: "", DisplayName: ""}
+		p.Create()
+		// GormV2 internal failure created in p.String() as the UserDetails fails to save as there isn't a user record.
+		assert.Equal(t, expected, p.String())
+		UnscopedDb().Delete(&p)
 	})
 	t.Run("FullName", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := User{UserUID: "abc123", UserName: "", DisplayName: "Test"}
+		p.Create()
 		assert.Equal(t, "'Test'", p.String())
+		UnscopedDb().Delete(&p)
 	})
 	t.Run("UserName", func(t *testing.T) {
 		p := User{UserUID: "abc123", UserName: "Super-User ", DisplayName: "Test"}
+		p.Create()
 		assert.Equal(t, "'super-user'", p.String())
+		UnscopedDb().Delete(&p)
 	})
 }

@@ -1115,8 +1128,8 @@ func TestUser_UpdateLoginTime(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	t.Run("User deleted", func(t *testing.T) {
 		u := NewUser()
-		var deleted = time.Date(2020, 3, 6, 2, 6, 51, 0, time.UTC)
-		u.DeletedAt = &deleted
+		var deleted = gorm.DeletedAt{Time: time.Date(2020, 3, 6, 2, 6, 51, 0, time.UTC), Valid: true}
+		u.DeletedAt = deleted
 		assert.Nil(t, u.UpdateLoginTime())
 	})
 }
@@ -1949,6 +1962,11 @@ func TestUser_FullName(t *testing.T) {
 			CanInvite:   false,
 		}

+		if err := u.Create(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("user create fail %s", err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
 		assert.Equal(t, "Mr-Happy", u.FullName())

 		u.UserName = "mr.happy@cat.com"
@@ -1966,6 +1984,11 @@ func TestUser_FullName(t *testing.T) {
 		u.SetDisplayName("Jane Doe", SrcManual)

 		assert.Equal(t, "Jane Doe", u.FullName())
+
+		if err := UnscopedDb().Delete(&u).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Logf("user delete fail %s", err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
 	})
 	t.Run("Name from Details", func(t *testing.T) {
 		u := User{
@@ -2000,9 +2023,19 @@ func TestUser_FullName(t *testing.T) {
 			CanInvite:   false,
 		}

+		if err := u.Create(); err != nil {
+			t.Logf("user create fail %s", err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+
 		assert.Equal(t, "jens.mander", u.Handle())
 		assert.Equal(t, "domain\\jens mander", u.Username())
 		assert.Equal(t, "Jens Mander", u.FullName())
+
+		if err := UnscopedDb().Delete(&u).Error; err != nil {
+			t.Logf("user delete fail %s", err)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
 	})
 }

@@ -2239,7 +2272,116 @@ func TestUser_RedeemToken(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bxpogaaba9", m.UserShares[0].ShareUID)
 		assert.Equal(t, 1, m.RedeemToken("4jxf3jfn2k"))
 		m.RefreshShares()
-		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bxpogaaba7", m.UserShares[0].ShareUID)
-		assert.Equal(t, "as6sg6bxpogaaba9", m.UserShares[1].ShareUID)
+
+		// m.UserShares is not ordered, so sometimes this test would fail
+		assert.Equal(t, 2, len(m.UserShares))
+		var shareUIDs []string
+		for _, shareUID := range m.UserShares {
+			shareUIDs = append(shareUIDs, shareUID.ShareUID)
+		}
+		assert.Contains(t, shareUIDs, "as6sg6bxpogaaba7")
+		assert.Contains(t, shareUIDs, "as6sg6bxpogaaba9")
+	})
+}
+
+func TestUser_ValidatePreload(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("FindUser_UserDetails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup and capture SQL Logging output
+		beforeLogMode := Db().Config.Logger
+		buffer := bytes.Buffer{}
+		Db().Config.Logger = Db().Config.Logger.LogMode(logger.Info)
+		log.SetOutput(&buffer)
+
+		m := FindUser(User{ID: 7}) // User = Bob
+
+		// Reset logger
+		log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+		Db().Config.Logger = beforeLogMode
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "bob", m.UserName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Robert Rich", m.DisplayName)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, m.UserDetails)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Bob", m.UserDetails.NickName)
+		assert.Equal(t, 1981, m.UserDetails.BirthYear)
+		assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_details")
+		// Verify that Preload loaded the data
+		assert.NotContains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_user_details.go")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("FindUser_UserSettings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup and capture SQL Logging output
+		beforeLogMode := Db().Config.Logger
+		buffer := bytes.Buffer{}
+		Db().Config.Logger = Db().Config.Logger.LogMode(logger.Info)
+		log.SetOutput(&buffer)
+
+		m := FindUser(User{ID: 7}) // User = Bob
+
+		// Reset logger
+		log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+		Db().Config.Logger = beforeLogMode
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "bob", m.UserName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Robert Rich", m.DisplayName)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, m.UserSettings)
+		assert.Equal(t, "grayscale", m.UserSettings.UITheme)
+		assert.Equal(t, "topographique", m.UserSettings.MapsStyle)
+		assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_settings")
+		// Verify that Preload loaded the data
+		assert.NotContains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_settings.go")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("FindLocalUser_UserSettings", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup and capture SQL Logging output
+		beforeLogMode := Db().Config.Logger
+		buffer := bytes.Buffer{}
+		Db().Config.Logger = Db().Config.Logger.LogMode(logger.Info)
+		log.SetOutput(&buffer)
+
+		m := FindLocalUser("jane")
+
+		// Reset logger
+		log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+		Db().Config.Logger = beforeLogMode
+
+		if m == nil {
+			t.Fatal("result should not be nil")
+		}
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "jane", m.UserName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Jane Dow", m.DisplayName)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, m.UserSettings)
+		assert.Equal(t, "default", m.UserSettings.UITheme)
+		assert.Equal(t, "hybrid", m.UserSettings.MapsStyle)
+		assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_settings")
+		// Verify that Preload loaded the data
+		assert.NotContains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_settings.go")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("FindLocalUser_UserDetails", func(t *testing.T) {
+		// Setup and capture SQL Logging output
+		beforeLogMode := Db().Config.Logger
+		buffer := bytes.Buffer{}
+		Db().Config.Logger = Db().Config.Logger.LogMode(logger.Info)
+		log.SetOutput(&buffer)
+
+		m := FindLocalUser("jane")
+
+		// Reset logger
+		log.SetOutput(os.Stdout)
+		Db().Config.Logger = beforeLogMode
+
+		if m == nil {
+			t.Fatal("result should not be nil")
+		}
+
+		assert.Equal(t, "jane", m.UserName)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Jane Dow", m.DisplayName)
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, m.UserDetails)
+		assert.Equal(t, "Jane", m.UserDetails.NickName)
+		assert.Equal(t, 2001, m.UserDetails.BirthYear)
+		assert.Contains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_details")
+		// Verify that Preload loaded the data
+		assert.NotContains(t, buffer.String(), "auth_users_details.go")
 	})
 }
--- a/internal/entity/camera.go
+++ b/internal/entity/camera.go
@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"github.com/ulule/deepcopier"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/internal/event"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/clean"
 	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/txt"
@@ -17,17 +20,17 @@ type Cameras []Camera

 // Camera model and make (as extracted from UpdateExif metadata)
 type Camera struct {
-	ID                uint       `gorm:"primary_key" json:"ID" yaml:"ID"`
-	CameraSlug        string     `gorm:"type:VARBINARY(160);unique_index;" json:"Slug" yaml:"-"`
-	CameraName        string     `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(160);" json:"Name" yaml:"Name"`
-	CameraMake        string     `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(160);" json:"Make" yaml:"Make,omitempty"`
-	CameraModel       string     `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(160);" json:"Model" yaml:"Model,omitempty"`
-	CameraType        string     `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(100);" json:"Type,omitempty" yaml:"Type,omitempty"`
-	CameraDescription string     `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(2048);" json:"Description,omitempty" yaml:"Description,omitempty"`
-	CameraNotes       string     `gorm:"type:VARCHAR(1024);" json:"Notes,omitempty" yaml:"Notes,omitempty"`
-	CreatedAt         time.Time  `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	UpdatedAt         time.Time  `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
-	DeletedAt         *time.Time `sql:"index" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	ID                uint           `gorm:"primaryKey;" json:"ID" yaml:"ID"`
+	CameraSlug        string         `gorm:"type:bytes;size:160;uniqueIndex;" json:"Slug" yaml:"-"`
+	CameraName        string         `gorm:"size:160;" json:"Name" yaml:"Name"`
+	CameraMake        string         `gorm:"size:160;" json:"Make" yaml:"Make,omitempty"`
+	CameraModel       string         `gorm:"size:160;" json:"Model" yaml:"Model,omitempty"`
+	CameraType        string         `gorm:"size:100;" json:"Type,omitempty" yaml:"Type,omitempty"`
+	CameraDescription string         `gorm:"size:2048;" json:"Description,omitempty" yaml:"Description,omitempty"`
+	CameraNotes       string         `gorm:"size:1024;" json:"Notes,omitempty" yaml:"Notes,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt         time.Time      `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	UpdatedAt         time.Time      `json:"-" yaml:"-"`
+	DeletedAt         gorm.DeletedAt `sql:"index" json:"-" yaml:"-"`
 }

 // TableName returns the entity table name.
@@ -182,3 +185,14 @@ func (m *Camera) Mobile() bool {
 func (m *Camera) Unknown() bool {
 	return m.CameraSlug == "" || m.CameraSlug == UnknownCamera.CameraSlug
 }
+
+// ScopedSearchFirstCamera populates camera with the results of a Where(query, values) excluding soft delete records
+func ScopedSearchFirstCamera(camera *Camera, query string, values ...interface{}) (tx *gorm.DB) {
+	// Preload related entities if a matching record is found.
+	stmt := Db()
+	tempCamera := &Camera{}
+	if tx = stmt.Where(query, values...).First(tempCamera); tx.Error == nil {
+		deepcopier.Copy(tempCamera).To(camera)
+	}
+	return tx
+}
--- a/internal/entity/camera_fixtures.go
+++ b/internal/entity/camera_fixtures.go
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package entity

 import (
 	"time"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 )

 type CameraMap map[string]Camera
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ var CameraFixtures = CameraMap{
 		CameraNotes:       "",
 		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:         nil,
+		DeletedAt:         gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"canon-eos-5d": {
 		ID:                1000001,
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ var CameraFixtures = CameraMap{
 		CameraNotes:       "",
 		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:         nil,
+		DeletedAt:         gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"canon-eos-7d": {
 		ID:                1000002,
@@ -60,7 +62,7 @@ var CameraFixtures = CameraMap{
 		CameraNotes:       "",
 		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:         nil,
+		DeletedAt:         gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"canon-eos-6d": {
 		ID:                1000003,
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ var CameraFixtures = CameraMap{
 		CameraNotes:       "",
 		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:         nil,
+		DeletedAt:         gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"apple-iphone-6": {
 		ID:                1000004,
@@ -86,7 +88,7 @@ var CameraFixtures = CameraMap{
 		CameraNotes:       "",
 		CreatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
 		UpdatedAt:         time.Date(2019, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
-		DeletedAt:         nil,
+		DeletedAt:         gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 	"apple-iphone-7": {
 		ID:                1000005,
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ var CameraFixtures = CameraMap{
 		CameraNotes:       "",
 		CreatedAt:         Now(),
 		UpdatedAt:         Now(),
-		DeletedAt:         nil,
+		DeletedAt:         gorm.DeletedAt{},
 	},
 }

--- a/internal/entity/camera_test.go
+++ b/internal/entity/camera_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"testing"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+
+	"github.com/photoprism/photoprism/pkg/rnd"
 )

 func TestFirstOrCreateCamera(t *testing.T) {
@@ -253,3 +255,52 @@ func TestCamera_Mobile(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.True(t, camera.Mobile())
 	})
 }
+
+func TestCamera_ScopedSearchFirst(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("Ok", func(t *testing.T) {
+		m := CameraFixtures.Get("apple-iphone-se")
+		Db().Save(&m) // reset back to base
+
+		camera := Camera{}
+		if res := ScopedSearchFirstCamera(&camera, "camera_slug = ?", CameraFixtures.Get("apple-iphone-se").CameraSlug); res.Error != nil {
+			assert.Nil(t, res.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+		camera1 := CameraFixtures.Get("apple-iphone-se")
+
+		// Only check items that are preloaded
+		// Except Labels as they are filtered.
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.ID, camera.ID)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraSlug, camera.CameraSlug)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraName, camera.CameraName)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraMake, camera.CameraMake)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraModel, camera.CameraModel)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraType, camera.CameraType)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraDescription, camera.CameraDescription)
+		assert.Equal(t, camera1.CameraNotes, camera.CameraNotes)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Nothing Found", func(t *testing.T) {
+
+		camera := Camera{}
+		if res := ScopedSearchFirstCamera(&camera, "camera_slug = ?", rnd.UUID()); res.Error != nil {
+			assert.NotNil(t, res.Error)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, res.Error, "record not found")
+		} else {
+			assert.Equal(t, int64(0), res.RowsAffected)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		camera := Camera{}
+		log.Info("Expect unknown column Error or SQLSTATE on camera_slugs from ScopedSearchFirstCamera")
+		if res := ScopedSearchFirstCamera(&camera, "camera_slugs = ?", rnd.UUID()); res.Error == nil {
+			assert.NotNil(t, res.Error)
+			t.FailNow()
+		} else {
+			assert.Error(t, res.Error)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, res.Error, "camera_slugs")
+			assert.Equal(t, int64(0), res.RowsAffected)
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/internal/entity/category.go
+++ b/internal/entity/category.go
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ package entity

 // Category of labels regroups labels with the same or a similar meaning using a main/root label
 type Category struct {
-	LabelID    uint `gorm:"primary_key;auto_increment:false"`
-	CategoryID uint `gorm:"primary_key;auto_increment:false"`
-	Label      *Label
-	Category   *Label
+	LabelID    uint   `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement:false"`
+	CategoryID uint   `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement:false"`
+	Label      *Label `gorm:"foreignKey:LabelID"`
+	Category   *Label `gorm:"foreignKey:CategoryID"`
 }

 // TableName returns the entity table name.
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More