rootfs: add mount destination validation

Because the target of a mount is inside a container (which may be a
volume that is shared with another container), there exists a race
condition where the target of the mount may change to a path containing
a symlink after we have sanitised the path -- resulting in us
inadvertently mounting the path outside of the container.

This is not immediately useful because we are in a mount namespace with
MS_SLAVE mount propagation applied to "/", so we cannot mount on top of
host paths in the host namespace. However, if any subsequent mountpoints
in the configuration use a subdirectory of that host path as a source,
those subsequent mounts will use an attacker-controlled source path
(resolved within the host rootfs) -- allowing the bind-mounting of "/"
into the container.

While arguably configuration issues like this are not entirely within
runc's threat model, within the context of Kubernetes (and possibly
other container managers that provide semi-arbitrary container creation
privileges to untrusted users) this is a legitimate issue. Since we
cannot block mounting from the host into the container, we need to block
the first stage of this attack (mounting onto a path outside the
container).

The long-term plan to solve this would be to migrate to libpathrs, but
as a stop-gap we implement libpathrs-like path verification through
readlink(/proc/self/fd/$n) and then do mount operations through the
procfd once it's been verified to be inside the container. The target
could move after we've checked it, but if it is inside the container
then we can assume that it is safe for the same reason that libpathrs
operations would be safe.

A slight wrinkle is the "copyup" functionality we provide for tmpfs,
which is the only case where we want to do a mount on the host
filesystem. To facilitate this, I split out the copy-up functionality
entirely so that the logic isn't interspersed with the regular tmpfs
logic. In addition, all dependencies on m.Destination being overwritten
have been removed since that pattern was just begging to be a source of
more mount-target bugs (we do still have to modify m.Destination for
tmpfs-copyup but we only do it temporarily).

Fixes: CVE-2021-30465
Reported-by: Etienne Champetier <champetier.etienne@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Noah Meyerhans <nmeyerha@amazon.com>
Reviewed-by: Samuel Karp <skarp@amazon.com>
Reviewed-by: Kir Kolyshkin <kolyshkin@gmail.com> (@kolyshkin)
Reviewed-by: Akihiro Suda <akihiro.suda.cz@hco.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>

libcontainer/utils/utils.go

@@ -3,12 +3,15 @@ package utils
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"unsafe"
 
+	"github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
@@ -88,6 +91,57 @@ func CleanPath(path string) string {
 	return filepath.Clean(path)
 }
 
+// stripRoot returns the passed path, stripping the root path if it was
+// (lexicially) inside it. Note that both passed paths will always be treated
+// as absolute, and the returned path will also always be absolute. In
+// addition, the paths are cleaned before stripping the root.
+func stripRoot(root, path string) string {
+	// Make the paths clean and absolute.
+	root, path = CleanPath("/"+root), CleanPath("/"+path)
+	switch {
+	case path == root:
+		path = "/"
+	case root == "/":
+		// do nothing
+	case strings.HasPrefix(path, root+"/"):
+		path = strings.TrimPrefix(path, root+"/")
+	}
+	return CleanPath("/" + path)
+}
+
+// WithProcfd runs the passed closure with a procfd path (/proc/self/fd/...)
+// corresponding to the unsafePath resolved within the root. Before passing the
+// fd, this path is verified to have been inside the root -- so operating on it
+// through the passed fdpath should be safe. Do not access this path through
+// the original path strings, and do not attempt to use the pathname outside of
+// the passed closure (the file handle will be freed once the closure returns).
+func WithProcfd(root, unsafePath string, fn func(procfd string) error) error {
+	// Remove the root then forcefully resolve inside the root.
+	unsafePath = stripRoot(root, unsafePath)
+	path, err := securejoin.SecureJoin(root, unsafePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("resolving path inside rootfs failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Open the target path.
+	fh, err := os.OpenFile(path, unix.O_PATH|unix.O_CLOEXEC, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("open o_path procfd: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer fh.Close()
+
+	// Double-check the path is the one we expected.
+	procfd := "/proc/self/fd/" + strconv.Itoa(int(fh.Fd()))
+	if realpath, err := os.Readlink(procfd); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("procfd verification failed: %w", err)
+	} else if realpath != path {
+		return fmt.Errorf("possibly malicious path detected -- refusing to operate on %s", realpath)
+	}
+
+	// Run the closure.
+	return fn(procfd)
+}
+
 // SearchLabels searches a list of key-value pairs for the provided key and
 // returns the corresponding value. The pairs must be separated with '='.
 func SearchLabels(labels []string, query string) string {