doc: add doc for Optional type

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dudaodong
2024-02-20 11:22:39 +08:00
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commit da24bae6b4
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# Optional
Optional is a type that may or may not contain a non-nil value.
<div STYLE="page-break-after: always;"></div>
## Source
- [https://github.com/duke-git/lancet/blob/main/datastructure/optional/optional.go](https://github.com/duke-git/lancet/blob/main/datastructure/optional/optional.go)
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## Usage
```go
import (
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
```
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## Index
- [Of](#Of)
- [OfNullable](#OfNullable)
- [Empty](#Empty)
- [IsPresent](#IsPresent)
- [IsEmpty](#IsEmpty)
- [IfPresent](#IfPresent)
- [IfPresentOrElse](#IfPresentOrElse)
- [Get](#Get)
- [OrElse](#OrElse)
- [OrElseGet](#OrElseGet)
- [OrElseThrow](#OrElseThrow)
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## Documentation
### <span id="Of">Of</span>
<p>Returns an Optional with a non-nil value.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func Of[T any](value T) Optional[T]
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
value := 42
opt := optional.Of(value)
fmt.Println(opt.Get())
// Output:
// 42
}
```
### <span id="OfNullable">OfNullable</span>
<p>Returns an Optional for a given value, which may be nil.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func OfNullable[T any](value *T) Optional[T]
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
var value *int = nil
opt := optional.OfNullable(value)
fmt.Println(opt.IsPresent())
value = new(int)
*value = 42
opt = optional.OfNullable(value)
fmt.Println(opt.IsPresent())
// Output:
// false
// true
}
```
### <span id="Empty">Empty</span>
<p>Returns an empty Optional instance.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func Empty[T any]() Optional[T]
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
optEmpty := OfNullable.Empty[int]()
fmt.Println(optEmpty.IsEmpty())
// Output:
// true
}
```
### <span id="IsEmpty">IsEmpty</span>
<p>Checks if the Optional is empty.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) IsEmpty() bool
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
optEmpty := OfNullable.Empty[int]()
fmt.Println(optEmpty.IsEmpty())
// Output:
// true
}
```
### <span id="IsPresent">IsPresent</span>
<p>Checks if there is a value present.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) IsPresent() bool
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
var value *int = nil
opt := optional.OfNullable(value)
fmt.Println(opt.IsPresent())
value = new(int)
*value = 42
opt = optional.OfNullable(value)
fmt.Println(opt.IsPresent())
// Output:
// false
// true
}
```
### <span id="IfPresent">IfPresent</span>
<p>Performs the given action with the value if a value is present.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) IfPresent(action func(value T))
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
called := false
action := func(value int) { called = true }
optEmpty := optional.Empty[int]()
optEmpty.IfPresent(action)
fmt.Println(called)
called = false // Reset for next test
optWithValue := optional.Of(42)
optWithValue.IfPresent(action)
fmt.Println(optWithValue.IsPresent())
// Output:
// false
// true
}
```
### <span id="IfPresentOrElse">IfPresentOrElse</span>
<p>Performs the action with the value if present, otherwise performs the empty-based action.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) IfPresentOrElse(action func(value T), emptyAction func())
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
calledWithValue := false
valueAction := func(value int) { calledWithValue = true }
emptyAction := func() { t.Errorf("Empty action should not be called when value is present") }
optWithValue := optional.Of(42)
optWithValue.IfPresentOrElse(valueAction, emptyAction)
fmt.Println(calledWithValue)
calledWithEmpty := false
valueAction = func(value int) { t.Errorf("Value action should not be called when value is not present") }
emptyAction = func() { calledWithEmpty = true }
optEmpty := optional.Empty[int]()
optEmpty.IfPresentOrElse(valueAction, emptyAction)
fmt.Println(calledWithEmpty)
// Output:
// true
// true
}
```
### <span id="Get">Get</span>
<p>Returns the value if present, otherwise panics.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) Get() T
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
value := 42
opt := optional.Of(value)
fmt.Println(opt.Get())
// Output:
// 42
}
```
### <span id="OrElse">OrElse</span>
<p>Returns the value if present, otherwise returns other.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) OrElse(other T) T
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
optEmpty := optional.Empty[int]()
val := optEmpty.OrElse(100)
fmt.Println(val)
optWithValue := optional.Of(42)
val = optWithValue.OrElse(100)
fmt.Println(val)
// Output:
// 100
// 42
}
```
### <span id="OrElseGet">OrElseGet</span>
<p>Returns the value if present, otherwise invokes supplier and returns the result.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) OrElseGet(supplier func() T) T
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
optEmpty := optional.Empty[int]()
supplier := func() int { return 100 }
val := optEmpty.OrElseGet(supplier)
fmt.Println(val)
// Output:
// 100
}
```
### <span id="OrElseThrow">OrElseThrow</span>
<p>Returns the value if present, otherwise returns an error.</p>
<b>Signature:</b>
```go
func (o Optional[T]) OrElseThrow(errorSupplier func() error) (T, error)
```
<b>Example:</b>
```go
package main
import (
"fmt"
optional "github.com/duke-git/lancet/v2/datastructure/optional"
)
func main() {
optEmpty := optional.Empty[int]()
_, err := optEmpty.OrElseThrow(func() error { return errors.New("no value") })
fmt.Println(err.Error())
optWithValue := optional.Of(42)
val, err := optWithValue.OrElseThrow(func() error { return errors.New("no value") })
fmt.Println(val)
fmt.Println(err)
// Output:
// no value
// 42
// nil
}
```