device: use linked list for per-peer allowed-ip traversal

This makes the IpcGet method much faster.

We also refactor the traversal API to use a callback so that we don't
need to allocate at all. Avoiding allocations we do self-masking on
insertion, which in turn means that split intermediate nodes require a
copy of the bits.

benchmark               old ns/op     new ns/op     delta
BenchmarkUAPIGet-16     3243          2659          -18.01%

benchmark               old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkUAPIGet-16     35             30             -14.29%

benchmark               old bytes     new bytes     delta
BenchmarkUAPIGet-16     1218          737           -39.49%

This benchmark is good, though it's only for a pair of peers, each with
only one allowedips. As this grows, the delta expands considerably.

Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>

device/peer.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type Peer struct {
 	device                      *Device
 	endpoint                    conn.Endpoint
 	persistentKeepaliveInterval uint32 // accessed atomically
+	firstTrieEntry              *trieEntry
 
 	// These fields are accessed with atomic operations, which must be
 	// 64-bit aligned even on 32-bit platforms. Go guarantees that an