split out non-blas impl into new function

Splitting out the non blas path makes the code flow easier to read.

covariancematrix.go

@@ -6,17 +6,10 @@ package stat
 
 import (
 	"sync"
-//	"runtime"
+
-	
 	"github.com/gonum/matrix/mat64"
 )
 
-
-type covMatSlice struct {
-	i, j int
-	x, y []float64
-}
-
 // CovarianceMatrix calculates a covariance matrix (also known as a
 // variance-covariance matrix) from a matrix of data, using a two-pass
 // algorithm.  It will have better performance if a BLAS engine is
@@ -27,71 +20,12 @@ func CovarianceMatrix(x mat64.Matrix) *mat64.Dense {
 
 	// matrix version of the two pass algorithm.  This doesn't use
 	// the correction found in the Covariance and Variance functions.
-	r, c := x.Dims()
+	if mat64.Registered() == nil {
-	
+		// implementation that doesn't rely on a blasEngine
-	if x, ok := x.(mat64.Vectorer); ok {
+		return covarianceMatrixWithoutBLAS(x)
-		cols := make([][]float64, c)
-		// perform the covariance or variance as required
-		blockSize := 1024
-		if blockSize > c {
-			blockSize = c
-		}
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-		wg.Add(c)
-		for j := 0; j < c; j++ {
-			go func(j int) {
-				// pull the columns out and subtract the means
-				cols[j] = make([]float64, r)
-				x.Col(cols[j], j)
-				mean := Mean(cols[j], nil)
-				for i := range cols[j] {
-					cols[j][i] -= mean
-				}
-				wg.Done()
-			}(j)
-		}
-		wg.Wait()
-		
-		colCh := make(chan covMatSlice, blockSize)
-
-		wg.Add(blockSize)
-		m := mat64.NewDense(c, c, nil)
-		for i := 0; i < blockSize; i++ {
-			go func(in <-chan covMatSlice) {
-				for {
-					xy, more := <-in
-					if !more {
-						wg.Done()
-						return
-					}
-
-					if xy.i == xy.j {
-						m.Set(xy.i, xy.j, centeredVariance(xy.x))
-						continue
-					}
-					v := centeredCovariance(xy.x, xy.y)
-					m.Set(xy.i, xy.j, v)
-					m.Set(xy.j, xy.i, v)
-					}
-			}(colCh)
-		}
-		go func(out chan<- covMatSlice) {
-			for i := 0; i < c; i++ {
-				for j := 0; j <= i; j++ {
-					out <- covMatSlice{
-						i: i,
-						j: j,
-						x: cols[i],
-						y: cols[j],
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			close(out)
-		}(colCh)
-		// create the output matrix
-		wg.Wait()
-		return m
 	}
+	r, _ := x.Dims()
+
 	// determine the mean of each of the columns
 	b := ones(1, r)
 	b.Mul(b, x)
@@ -107,18 +41,99 @@ func CovarianceMatrix(x mat64.Matrix) *mat64.Dense {
 		}
 	}
 
-	// todo: avoid matrix copy?
 	var xt mat64.Dense
 	xt.TCopy(xc)
 
-	// It would be nice if we could indicate that this was a symmetric
+	// TODO: indicate that the resulting matrix is symmetric, which
-	// matrix.
+	// should improve performance.
 	var ss mat64.Dense
 	ss.Mul(&xt, xc)
 	ss.Scale(1/float64(r-1), &ss)
 	return &ss
 }
 
+type covMatSlice struct {
+	i, j int
+	x, y []float64
+}
+
+func covarianceMatrixWithoutBLAS(x mat64.Matrix) *mat64.Dense {
+	r, c := x.Dims()
+
+	// split out the matrix into columns
+	cols := make([][]float64, c)
+	for j := range cols {
+		cols[j] = make([]float64, r)
+	}
+
+	if xRaw, ok := x.(mat64.RawMatrixer); ok {
+		for k, v := range xRaw.RawMatrix().Data {
+			i := k / c
+			j := k % c
+			cols[j][i] = v
+		}
+	} else {
+		for j := 0; j < c; j++ {
+			for i := 0; i < r; i++ {
+				cols[j][i] = x.At(i, j)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// center the columns
+	for j := range cols {
+		mean := Mean(cols[j], nil)
+		for i := range cols[j] {
+			cols[j][i] -= mean
+		}
+	}
+
+	blockSize := 1024
+	if blockSize > c {
+		blockSize = c
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(blockSize)
+	colCh := make(chan covMatSlice, blockSize)
+
+	m := mat64.NewDense(c, c, nil)
+	for i := 0; i < blockSize; i++ {
+		go func(in <-chan covMatSlice) {
+			for {
+				xy, more := <-in
+				if !more {
+					wg.Done()
+					return
+				}
+
+				if xy.i == xy.j {
+					m.Set(xy.i, xy.j, centeredVariance(xy.x))
+					continue
+				}
+				v := centeredCovariance(xy.x, xy.y)
+				m.Set(xy.i, xy.j, v)
+				m.Set(xy.j, xy.i, v)
+			}
+		}(colCh)
+	}
+	go func(out chan<- covMatSlice) {
+		for i := 0; i < c; i++ {
+			for j := 0; j <= i; j++ {
+				out <- covMatSlice{
+					i: i,
+					j: j,
+					x: cols[i],
+					y: cols[j],
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		close(out)
+	}(colCh)
+	// create the output matrix
+	wg.Wait()
+	return m
+}
+
 // ones is a matrix of all ones.
 func ones(r, c int) *mat64.Dense {
 	x := make([]float64, r*c)