Progress on persistence

2025-10-31 19:42:38 +08:00 · 2020-01-15 21:32:40 +00:00
parent 5073246818
commit 79d1ee392b
11 changed files with 617 additions and 14 deletions
--- a/cmd/main.go
+++ b/cmd/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (

 	mqtt "github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server"
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners"
-	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners/auth"
 	//	_ "net/http/pprof"
 	//	"runtime/trace"
 )
--- a/examples/persistence/main.go
+++ b/examples/persistence/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/logrusorgru/aurora"
+
+	mqtt "github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server"
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners"
+)
+
+func main() {
+
+	sigs := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+	done := make(chan bool, 1)
+	signal.Notify(sigs, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	go func() {
+		<-sigs
+		done <- true
+	}()
+
+	fmt.Println(aurora.Magenta("Mochi MQTT Server initializing..."), aurora.Cyan("Persistence"))
+
+	server := mqtt.New()
+	tcp := listeners.NewTCP("t1", ":1883")
+	err := server.AddListener(tcp, &listeners.Config{
+		Auth: new(Auth),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+
+	// Start broker...
+	go server.Serve()
+	fmt.Println(aurora.BgMagenta("  Started!  "))
+
+	// Wait for signals...
+	<-done
+	fmt.Println(aurora.BgRed("  Caught Signal  "))
+
+	// End gracefully.
+	server.Close()
+	fmt.Println(aurora.BgGreen("  Finished  "))
+
+}
+
+// Auth is an example auth provider for the server.
+type Auth struct{}
+
+// Auth returns true if a username and password are acceptable.
+// Auth always returns true.
+func (a *Auth) Authenticate(user, password []byte) bool {
+	return true
+}
+
+// ACL returns true if a user has access permissions to read or write on a topic.
+// ACL is used to deny access to a specific topic to satisfy Test.test_subscribe_failure.
+func (a *Auth) ACL(user []byte, topic string, write bool) bool {
+	if topic == "test/nosubscribe" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
--- a/examples/tls/main.go
+++ b/examples/tls/main.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func main() {
 		done <- true
 	}()

-	fmt.Println(aurora.Magenta("Mochi MQTT Broker initializing..."))
+	fmt.Println(aurora.Magenta("Mochi MQTT Server initializing..."), aurora.Cyan("TLS/SSL"))

 	server := mqtt.New()
 	tcp := listeners.NewTCP("t1", ":1883")
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@ module github.com/mochi-co/mqtt
 go 1.13

 require (
-	github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.0.0-20180130184737-2c6c146eadee // indirect
-	github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gobwas/ws v1.0.2
+	github.com/asdine/storm v2.1.2+incompatible
+	github.com/asdine/storm/v3 v3.1.0
 	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.1
 	github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.0.0-20190924061706-b57f9002281a
 	github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v0.0.0-20191116043053-66b7ad493a23
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553
+	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.3
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553 // indirect
 )

 replace github.com/mochi-co/debug => /Users/mochimochi/Development/Go/src/github.com/mochi-co/debug
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,15 +1,29 @@
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.1 h1:3oxKN3wbHibqx897utPC2LTQU4J+IHWWJO+glkAkpFM=
+github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.4.1/go.mod h1:1jcaCB/ufaK+sKp1NBhlGmpz41jOoPQ35bpF36t7BBo=
+github.com/Sereal/Sereal v0.0.0-20190618215532-0b8ac451a863 h1:BRrxwOZBolJN4gIwvZMJY1tzqBvQgpaZiQRuIDD40jM=
+github.com/Sereal/Sereal v0.0.0-20190618215532-0b8ac451a863/go.mod h1:D0JMgToj/WdxCgd30Kc1UcA9E+WdZoJqeVOuYW7iTBM=
+github.com/asdine/storm v2.1.2+incompatible h1:dczuIkyqwY2LrtXPz8ixMrU/OFgZp71kbKTHGrXYt/Q=
+github.com/asdine/storm v2.1.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:RarYDc9hq1UPLImuiXK3BIWPJLdIygvV3PsInK0FbVQ=
+github.com/asdine/storm/v3 v3.1.0 h1:yrpSNS+E7ef5Y5KjyZDeyW72Dl17lYG7oZ7eUoWvo5s=
+github.com/asdine/storm/v3 v3.1.0/go.mod h1:letAoLCXz4UfodwNgMNILMb2oRH+su337ZfHnkRzqDA=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0 h1:ZDRjVQ15GmhC3fiQ8ni8+OwkZQO4DARzQgrnXU1Liz8=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.0.0-20180130184737-2c6c146eadee h1:s+21KNqlpePfkah2I+gwHF8xmJWRjooY+5248k6m4A0=
-github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.0.0-20180130184737-2c6c146eadee/go.mod h1:L0fX3K22YWvt/FAX9NnzrNzcI4wNYi9Yku4O0LKYflo=
-github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.0 h1:QEmUOlnSjWtnpRGHF3SauEiOsy82Cup83Vf2LcMlnc8=
-github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.0/go.mod h1:q8bcK0KcYlCgd9e7WYLm9LpyS+YeLd8JVDW6WezmKEw=
-github.com/gobwas/ws v1.0.2 h1:CoAavW/wd/kulfZmSIBt6p24n4j7tHgNVCjsfHVNUbo=
-github.com/gobwas/ws v1.0.2/go.mod h1:szmBTxLgaFppYjEmNtny/v3w89xOydFnnZMcgRRu/EM=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
+github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.1/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.2 h1:6nsPYzhq5kReh6QImI3k5qWzO4PEbvbIW2cwSfR/6xs=
+github.com/golang/protobuf v1.3.2/go.mod h1:6lQm79b+lXiMfvg/cZm0SGofjICqVBUtrP5yJMmIC1U=
+github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1 h1:Qgr9rKW7uDUkrbSmQeiDsGa8SjGyCOGtuasMWwvp2P4=
+github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1/go.mod h1:/XxbfmMg8lxefKM7IXC3fBNl/7bRcc72aCRzEWrmP2Q=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.1 h1:q7AeDBpnBk8AogcD4DSag/Ukw/KV+YhzLj2bP5HvKCM=
 github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.4.1/go.mod h1:YR8l580nyteQvAITg2hZ9XVh4b55+EU/adAjf1fMHhE=
 github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.0.0-20190924061706-b57f9002281a h1:zPPuIq2jAWWPTrGt70eK/BSch+gFAGrNzecsoENgu2o=
 github.com/jinzhu/copier v0.0.0-20190924061706-b57f9002281a/go.mod h1:yL958EeXv8Ylng6IfnvG4oflryUi3vgA3xPs9hmII1s=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0 h1:L/CwN0zerZDmRFUapSPitk6f+Q3+0za1rQkzVuMiMFI=
+github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
+github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
+github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
+github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v0.0.0-20191116043053-66b7ad493a23 h1:Wp7NjqGKGN9te9N/rvXYRhlVcrulGdxnz8zadXWs7fc=
 github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v0.0.0-20191116043053-66b7ad493a23/go.mod h1:7rIyQOR62GCctdiQpZ/zOJlFyk6y+94wXzv6RNZgaR4=
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
@@ -17,14 +31,29 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZN
 github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1 h1:mhH9Nq+C1fY2l1XIpgxIiUOfNpRBYH1kKcr+qfKgjRc=
 github.com/rs/xid v1.2.1/go.mod h1:+uKXf+4Djp6Md1KODXJxgGQPKngRmWyn10oCKFzNHOQ=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
+github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0 h1:2E4SXV/wtOkTonXsotYi4li6zVWxYlZuYNCXe9XRJyk=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.4.0/go.mod h1:j7eGeouHqKxXV5pUuKE4zz7dFj8WfuZ+81PSLYec5m4=
+github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack v4.0.4+incompatible h1:dSLoQfGFAo3F6OoNhwUmLwVgaUXK79GlxNBwueZn0xI=
+github.com/vmihailenco/msgpack v4.0.4+incompatible/go.mod h1:fy3FlTQTDXWkZ7Bh6AcGMlsjHatGryHQYUTf1ShIgkk=
+go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.3 h1:MUGmc65QhB3pIlaQ5bB4LwqSj6GIonVJXpZiaKNyaKk=
+go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.3/go.mod h1:IbVyRI1SCnLcuJnV2u8VeU0CEYM7e686BmAb1XKL+uU=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20190308221718-c2843e01d9a2/go.mod h1:djNgcEr1/C05ACkg1iLfiJU5Ep61QUkGW8qpdssI0+w=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20190603091049-60506f45cf65/go.mod h1:HSz+uSET+XFnRR8LxR5pz3Of3rY3CfYBVs4xY44aLks=
+golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191105084925-a882066a44e0/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553 h1:efeOvDhwQ29Dj3SdAV/MJf8oukgn+8D8WgaCaRMchF8=
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553/go.mod h1:z5CRVTTTmAJ677TzLLGU+0bjPO0LkuOLi4/5GtJWs/s=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190215142949-d0b11bdaac8a/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191105142833-ac3223d80179 h1:IqVhUQp5B9ARnZUcfqXy6zP+A+YuPpP7IFo8gFeCOzU=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191105142833-ac3223d80179/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
+golang.org/x/text v0.3.2/go.mod h1:bEr9sfX3Q8Zfm5fL9x+3itogRgK3+ptLWKqgva+5dAk=
+golang.org/x/tools v0.0.0-20180917221912-90fa682c2a6e/go.mod h1:n7NCudcB/nEzxVGmLbDWY5pfWTLqBcC2KZ6jyYvM4mQ=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.5 h1:tycE03LOZYQNhDpS27tcQdAzLCVMaj7QT2SXxebnpCM=
+google.golang.org/appengine v1.6.5/go.mod h1:8WjMMxjGQR8xUklV/ARdw2HLXBOI7O7uCIDZVag1xfc=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405 h1:yhCVgyC4o1eVCa2tZl7eS0r+SDo693bJlVdllGtEeKM=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15 h1:YR8cESwS4TdDjEe65xsg0ogRM/Nc3DYOhEAlW+xobZo=
+gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20190902080502-41f04d3bba15/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2 h1:ZCJp+EgiOT7lHqUV2J862kp8Qj64Jo6az82+3Td9dZw=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
--- a/server/persistence/bolt/bolt.go
+++ b/server/persistence/bolt/bolt.go
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package bolt
+
+import (
+	//"encoding/gob"
+	"time"
+
+	sgob "github.com/asdine/storm/codec/gob"
+	"github.com/asdine/storm/v3"
+	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/persistence"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultPath    = "mochi.db"
+	defaultTimeout = 250 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+// Store is a backend for writing and reading to bolt persistent storage.
+type Store struct {
+	path string         // the path on which to store the db file.
+	opts *bbolt.Options // options for configuring the boltdb instance.
+	db   *storm.DB      // the boltdb instance.
+}
+
+// init registers storage structs in gob.
+func init() {
+	//gob.Register(map[string]interface{}{})
+}
+
+// New returns a configured instance of the boltdb store.
+func New(path string, opts *bbolt.Options) *Store {
+	if path == "" || path == "." {
+		path = defaultPath
+	}
+
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = &bbolt.Options{
+			Timeout: defaultTimeout,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &Store{
+		path: path,
+		opts: opts,
+	}
+}
+
+// Open opens the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) Open() error {
+	var err error
+	s.db, err = storm.Open(s.path, storm.BoltOptions(0600, s.opts), storm.Codec(sgob.Codec))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Close closes the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) Close() {
+	s.db.Close()
+}
+
+// StoreSubscriptions writes all subscriptions to the boltdb instance as
+// a bulk operation.
+func (s *Store) StoreSubscriptions() {
+
+}
+
+// StoreClients writes all clients to the boltdb instance as a bulk operation.
+func (s *Store) StoreClients() {
+
+}
+
+// StoreInflight writes all inflight messages to the boltdb instance as a bulk operation.
+func (s *Store) StoreInflight() {
+
+}
+
+// StoreInflight writes all inflight messages to the boltdb instance as a bulk operation.
+func (s *Store) StoreRetained() {
+
+}
+
+// StoreServerInfo writes the server info to the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) StoreServerInfo(v persistence.ServerInfo) error {
+	err := s.db.Save(&v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WriteSubscription writes a single subscription to the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) WriteSubscription(v persistence.Subscription) error {
+	err := s.db.Save(&v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WriteInflight writes a single inflight message to the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) WriteInflight() {
+
+}
+
+// WriteClient writes a single client to the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) WriteClient() {
+
+}
+
+// LoadSubscriptions loads all the subscriptions from the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) LoadSubscriptions() (v []persistence.Subscription, err error) {
+	err = s.db.Find("T", "subscription", &v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// LoadClients loads all the clients from the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) LoadClients() {
+
+}
+
+// LoadInflight loads all the inflight messages from the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) LoadInflight() {
+
+}
+
+// LoadServerInfo loads the server info from the boltdb instance.
+func (s *Store) LoadServerInfo() (v persistence.ServerInfo, err error) {
+	err = s.db.One("ID", "server_info", &v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
--- a/server/persistence/bolt/bolt_test.go
+++ b/server/persistence/bolt/bolt_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package bolt
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.etcd.io/bbolt"
+
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/persistence"
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/system"
+)
+
+const tmpPath = "testbolt.db"
+
+func teardown(t *testing.T) {
+	err := os.Remove(tmpPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New(tmpPath, &bbolt.Options{
+		Timeout: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+	require.Equal(t, tmpPath, s.path)
+	require.Equal(t, 500*time.Millisecond, s.opts.Timeout)
+}
+
+func TestNewNoPath(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New("", nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+	require.Equal(t, defaultPath, s.path)
+}
+
+func TestNewNoOpts(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New("", nil)
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+	require.Equal(t, defaultTimeout, s.opts.Timeout)
+}
+
+func TestOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New(tmpPath, nil)
+	err := s.Open()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer teardown(t)
+	require.NotNil(t, s.db)
+}
+
+func TestStoreAndRetrieveServerInfo(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New(tmpPath, nil)
+	err := s.Open()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer teardown(t)
+
+	v := system.Info{
+		Version: "test",
+		Started: 100,
+	}
+	err = s.StoreServerInfo(persistence.ServerInfo{v, "server_info"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	r, err := s.LoadServerInfo()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, r)
+	require.Equal(t, v.Version, r.Version)
+	require.Equal(t, v.Started, r.Started)
+}
+
+func TestWriteAndRetrieveSubscription(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New(tmpPath, nil)
+	err := s.Open()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer teardown(t)
+
+	v := persistence.Subscription{
+		ID:     "test:a/b/c",
+		Client: "test",
+		Filter: "a/b/c",
+		QoS:    1,
+		T:      "subscription",
+	}
+	err = s.WriteSubscription(v)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	v2 := persistence.Subscription{
+		ID:     "test:d/e/f",
+		Client: "test",
+		Filter: "d/e/f",
+		QoS:    2,
+		T:      "subscription",
+	}
+	err = s.WriteSubscription(v2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	subs, err := s.LoadSubscriptions()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 2, len(subs))
+
+}
--- a/server/persistence/persistence.go
+++ b/server/persistence/persistence.go
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+package persistence
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/system"
+)
+
+// Store is an interface which details a persistent storage connector.
+type Store interface {
+	Open() error
+	Close()
+
+	WriteSubscription() // including retained
+	WriteClient()
+	WriteInFlight()
+	WriteRetained()
+
+	StoreSubscriptions()
+	StoreInFlight()
+	StoreClients()
+	StoreServerInfo(v ServerInfo) error
+
+	ReadSubscriptions() (v []Subscription, err error)
+	ReadInflight()
+	ReadClients()
+	ReadServerInfo()
+}
+
+// ServerInfo contains information and statistics about the server.
+type ServerInfo struct {
+	system.Info        // embed the system info struct.
+	ID          string // the storage key.
+}
+
+// Subscription contains the details of a topic filter subscription.
+type Subscription struct {
+	ID     string // the storage key.
+	T      string // the type of the stored data.
+	Client string // the id of the client who the subscription belongs to.
+	Filter string // the topic filter being subscribed to.
+	QoS    byte   // the desired QoS byte.
+}
+
+// Message contains the details of a retained or inflight message.
+type Message struct {
+	ID          string      // the storage key.
+	T           string      // the type of the stored data.
+	FixedHeader FixedHeader // the header properties of the message.
+	PacketID    uint16      // the unique id of the packet (if inflight).
+	TopicName   string      // the topic the message was sent to (if retained).
+	Payload     []byte      // the message payload (if retained).
+	Sent        int64       // the last time the message was sent (for retries) in unixtime (if inflight).
+	Resends     int         // the number of times the message was attempted to be sent (if inflight).
+}
+
+// FixedHeader contains the fixed header properties of a message.
+type FixedHeader struct {
+	Type      byte // the type of the packet (PUBLISH, SUBSCRIBE, etc) from bits 7 - 4 (byte 1).
+	Dup       bool // indicates if the packet was already sent at an earlier time.
+	Qos       byte // indicates the quality of service expected.
+	Retain    bool // whether the message should be retained.
+	Remaining int  // the number of remaining bytes in the payload.
+}
+
+/*
+// Client contains client data that can be persistently stored.
+type Client struct {
+	ID            string         // the id of the client
+	Listener      string         // the last known listener id for the client
+	Username      []byte         // the username the client authenticated with.
+	CleanSession  bool           // indicates if the client connected expecting a clean-session.
+	Subscriptions []Subscription // a list of the subscriptions the user has.
+	LWT           LWT            // the last-will-and-testament message for the client.
+}
+
+// LWT contains details about a clients LWT payload.
+type LWT struct {
+	Topic   string // the topic the will message shall be sent to.
+	Message []byte // the message that shall be sent when the client disconnects.
+	Qos     byte   // the quality of service desired.
+	Retain  bool   // indicates whether the will message should be retained
+}
+
+*/
+
+/*
+*
+*
+*
+ */
+
+// MockStore is a mock storage backend for testing.
+type MockStore struct {
+	FailOpen bool
+	Closed   bool
+	Opened   bool
+}
+
+// Open opens the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) Open() error {
+	if s.FailOpen {
+		return errors.New("test")
+	}
+
+	s.Opened = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Close closes the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) Close() {
+	s.Closed = true
+}
+
+// StoreSubscriptions writes all subscriptions to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) StoreSubscriptions() {
+
+}
+
+// StoreClients writes all clients to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) StoreClients() {}
+
+// StoreInFlight writes all Inflight messages to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) StoreInflight() {}
+
+// StoreRetained writes all Inflight messages to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) StoreRetained() {}
+
+// StoreServerInfo writes the server info to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) StoreServerInfo(v ServerInfo) {
+
+}
+
+// WriteSubscription writes a single subscription to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) WriteSubscription() {}
+
+// WriteClient writes a single client to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) WriteClient() {}
+
+// WriteInFlight writes a single InFlight message to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) WriteInflight() {}
+
+// WriteRetained writes a single retained message to the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) WriteRetained() {}
+
+// LoadSubscriptions loads the subscriptions from the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) LoadSubscriptions() (v []Subscription, err error) {
+	return
+}
+
+// LoadClients loads the clients from the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) LoadClients() {}
+
+// LoadInflight loads the inflight messages from the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) LoadInflight() {}
+
+// LoadServerInfo loads the server info from the storage instance.
+func (s *MockStore) LoadServerInfo() (v ServerInfo, err error) {
+	return
+}
--- a/server/persistence/persistence_test.go
+++ b/server/persistence/persistence_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package persistence
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestMockStoreOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	s := new(MockStore)
+	err := s.Open()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, true, s.Opened)
+}
+
+func TestMockStoreOpenFail(t *testing.T) {
+	s := new(MockStore)
+	s.FailOpen = true
+	err := s.Open()
+	require.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestMockStoreClose(t *testing.T) {
+	s := new(MockStore)
+	s.Close()
+	require.Equal(t, true, s.Closed)
+}
--- a/server/server.go
+++ b/server/server.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/internal/topics"
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners"
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners/auth"
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/persistence"
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/system"
 )

@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ type Server struct {
 	Clients   *clients.Clients     // clients known to the broker.
 	Topics    *topics.Index        // an index of topic subscriptions and retained messages.
 	System    *system.Info         // values commonly found in $SYS topics.
+	Stores    []persistence.Store  // a slice of persistent storage backends.
 	sysTicker *time.Ticker         // the interval ticker for sending updating $SYS topics.
 }

@@ -54,6 +56,7 @@ func New() *Server {
 			Version: Version,
 			Started: time.Now().Unix(),
 		},
+		Stores:    make([]persistence.Store, 0, 1),
 		sysTicker: time.NewTicker(SysTopicInterval * time.Millisecond),
 	}

@@ -64,6 +67,24 @@ func New() *Server {
 	return s
 }

+// AddStore adds a persistent storage backend to the server.
+func (s *Server) AddStore(p persistence.Store) error {
+	err := p.Open()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	s.Stores = append(s.Stores, p)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CloseStores closes down all storage backends.
+func (s *Server) CloseStores() {
+	for _, v := range s.Stores {
+		v.Close()
+	}
+}
+
 // AddListener adds a new network listener to the server.
 func (s *Server) AddListener(listener listeners.Listener, config *listeners.Config) error {
 	if _, ok := s.Listeners.Get(listener.ID()); ok {
@@ -513,10 +534,11 @@ func (s *Server) publishSysTopics() {

 }

-// Close attempts to gracefully shutdown the server, all listeners, and clients.
+// Close attempts to gracefully shutdown the server, all listeners, clients, and stores.
 func (s *Server) Close() error {
 	close(s.done)
 	s.Listeners.CloseAll(s.closeListenerClients)
+	s.CloseStores()
 	return nil
 }

--- a/server/server_test.go
+++ b/server/server_test.go
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/internal/topics"
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners"
 	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/listeners/auth"
+	"github.com/mochi-co/mqtt/server/persistence"
 )

 const defaultPort = ":18882"
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ func TestNew(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NotNil(t, s.Listeners)
 	require.NotNil(t, s.Clients)
 	require.NotNil(t, s.Topics)
+	require.NotNil(t, s.Stores)
 	require.NotEmpty(t, s.System.Version)
 	require.Equal(t, true, s.System.Started > 0)
 }
@@ -46,6 +48,58 @@ func BenchmarkNew(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 }

+func TestServerAddStore(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+	p := new(persistence.MockStore)
+	err := s.AddStore(p)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, 1, len(s.Stores))
+	require.Equal(t, p, s.Stores[0])
+}
+
+func TestServerAddStoreFailure(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+	p := new(persistence.MockStore)
+	p.FailOpen = true
+	err := s.AddStore(p)
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	require.Equal(t, 0, len(s.Stores))
+}
+
+func BenchmarkServerAddStore(b *testing.B) {
+	s := New()
+	p := new(persistence.MockStore)
+	for n := 0; n < b.N; n++ {
+		s.AddStore(p)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestServerCloseStores(t *testing.T) {
+	s := New()
+	require.NotNil(t, s)
+
+	p := new(persistence.MockStore)
+	err := s.AddStore(p)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	p2 := new(persistence.MockStore)
+	err = s.AddStore(p2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	require.Equal(t, false, p.Closed)
+	require.Equal(t, false, p2.Closed)
+
+	s.CloseStores()
+
+	require.Equal(t, true, p.Closed)
+	require.Equal(t, true, p2.Closed)
+}
+
 func TestServerAddListener(t *testing.T) {
 	s := New()
 	require.NotNil(t, s)
@@ -1109,7 +1163,11 @@ func TestServerClose(t *testing.T) {
 	cl.Listener = "t1"
 	s.Clients.Add(cl)

-	err := s.AddListener(listeners.NewMockListener("t1", ":1882"), nil)
+	p := new(persistence.MockStore)
+	err := s.AddStore(p)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = s.AddListener(listeners.NewMockListener("t1", ":1882"), nil)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	s.Serve()
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
@@ -1122,6 +1180,7 @@ func TestServerClose(t *testing.T) {
 	s.Close()
 	time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
 	require.Equal(t, false, listener.(*listeners.MockListener).IsServing)
+	require.Equal(t, true, p.Closed)
 }

 func TestServerCloseClientLWT(t *testing.T) {